Maintenance and preservation of pure cultures are essential in various industries. In the food industry, microorganisms play a vital role in processes like fermentation, cheese production, and probiotic manufacturing.
To maintain pure cultures, methods such as subculturing, cryopreservation, lyophilization, slant cultures, and microbiological preservation techniques are employed.
These methods ensure the longevity and viability of the desired microorganisms, enabling consistent product quality and production efficiency. In the extraction of low-grade ores, microorganisms can be utilized in bioleaching processes to extract metals. The maintenance and preservation of these microbial cultures are crucial to sustain their activity and optimize metal recovery. Proper storage techniques, such as cryopreservation or maintaining cultures on specific growth media, are employed to ensure the availability and viability of the desired microorganisms for industrial applications.
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(PSYCHOLOGY)
There's a dramatic increase in the likelihood of a person becoming ill or dying the year following the death of a spouse. Describe some of the specific biological and psychological processes that may contribute to this effect.
In depth response pls
In psychology, this is called Widower Syndrome. The pattern reveals a significant rise in the widower's risk of mortality, notably, but not solely, in the three months following the loss of their spouse. This is sometimes referred to as "dying of a shattered heart." Being widowed increases the risk of getting serious mental problems.
What is the Windower Syndrom about?Widow The term "brain fog" refers to the fogginess and detachment that might occur following the loss of a partner. This sensation is regarded to be a coping technique in which the brain tries to protect itself from the agony of great trauma or loss.
It is usual for the grieving process to last a year or more. A person in grief must deal with the emotional and life upheavals that result from the death of a loved one. Although the sadness may lessen over time, it is natural to remain emotionally linked with the departed for many years.
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If earth’s atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen, why is nitrogen a limiting factor for producers?
A.
Consumers respire all of the available nitrogen.
B.
Nitrogen is unusable in its liquid form.
C.
There are more plants than gaseous nitrogen.
D.
Nitrogen is unusable in its gaseous form.
Describe the pathway a secretory protein takes from its origin to its release from the cell
Answer:
Proteins destined to be secreted move through secretory pathway in the following order : rough ER - ER-to-golgi transport vesicles - golgi cisternae - secretory or transport vesicles - cell surface.
Natural selection occurs when there is nonrandom elimination of genotypes from a population due to differences in viability or reproductive success.T/F
The statement "Natural selection occurs when there is nonrandom elimination of genotypes from a population due to differences in viability or reproductive success," is true.
What is genotype?The term "genotype," which basically refers to an organism's genetic makeup, describes the gene pool as a whole. The term can also be used in a more precise sense to refer to the several alleles, or variations of a gene, that an organism possesses. Being a diploid species, humans have two alleles per genetic locus, one of which was passed down from each parent. Each pair of alleles represents the genotype of a specific gene. For instance, sweet pea plants have two alleles for the bloom color gene.
The uppercase letter F stands for the allele that codes for purple flowers, whereas the lowercase letter f stands for the allele that codes for white flowers. Thus, the genotypes FF, Ff, or ff could be present in a diverse population of sweet pea plants. Each plant's phenotype, in this example the outer look of its blossoms, is influenced by its genotype. When two alleles in a genotype are same, the genotype is said to be homozygous; when the two alleles are different, the genotype is said to be heterozygous. Genotyping is the term for the process of identifying a genotype.
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What is the site on ribosome where aminoacyl tRNA enters?
The site on ribosome where the aminoacyl t-RNA enters is: the A site.
Ribosome is the subcellular component of the cells. It can be found in prokaryotic and as well as eukaryotic cells. The ribosome is a nucleoprotein which is responsible for the synthesis of proteins inside the cell. Most of the ribosomes are present in the cell's cytoplasm.
A site on ribosome stands for the aminoacyl site. It is the binding site for the charged t-RNAs called aminoacyl t-RNA. All the t-RNAs can bind here except for the first starting t-RNA of the protein chain. There are two other sites on the ribosome called P-site and E-site.
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Which of the following best predicts the effect of removal of oxygen from a facultative anaerobic organism's environment?
A. glucose consumption and the growth rate both increase
B. glucose consumption increases, while the growth rate decreases
C. glucose consumption decreases, while the growth rate increases
D. glucose consumption decreases, while the growth rate remains unchanged
Glucose consumption increases while the growth rate decreases is best predicts the effect of removal of oxygen from a facultative anaerobic organism's environment.The correct answer is b.
Facultative anaerobes are those that do not require oxygen for growth but can survive when oxygen is not available. These organisms utilize oxygen when it is available for their growth and respiration processes, but they can also use alternate electron acceptors like sulfate, nitrate, and carbon dioxide, among others.
The effect of the removal of oxygen from a facultative anaerobic organism's environmentIn the absence of oxygen, facultative anaerobic organisms utilize alternate electron acceptors like sulfate, nitrate, and carbon dioxide, among others.
This means that the amount of glucose used in respiration by the organism will increase, as alternate electron acceptors provide less energy than oxygen for the organism's metabolism. This increased glucose consumption will lead to the decreased growth rate of the organism, as it will be using more glucose for its own respiration and less for biosynthesis of cell materials.
When oxygen is present, aerobic respiration occurs, but when oxygen is not available, these microorganisms switch to anaerobic respiration. They produce lactate, ethanol, or other waste products when they undergo anaerobic respiration.
This waste production lowers the pH of the media and adversely impacts the growth rate of the bacterium.Therefore, the removal of oxygen from the environment affects the respiration mode of facultative anaerobes.
Therefore, option (B) glucose consumption increases while the growth rate decreases is the correct answer.
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a gas in a sealed container has a pressure of 125 kPa at a temperature of 30.0 degrees C. If the pressure in the container is increased to 206 kPa, what is the new temperature?
Answer:
226°C
Explanation:
By using the gas equation,
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Let volume = x ml
Converting T1 to Kelvin scale, 30 C = 303K
Substituting the values,
\(\frac{125kPa . x}{303K}\) = \(\frac{206kPa . x}{T2}\)or, T2 = 499.344 K ≈ 226°C Ans.
The theory of endosymbiosis is based onA.evidence from the fossil record B.the knowledge that chloroplasts and mitochondria resemble bacteria C.similarities between chloroplasts and other organelles in animals D.the experiments in which bacteria were grown in plant cells and formed chloroplasts E.the knowledge that ribosomes are structures found in bacteria, plants, and animals
Endosymbiosis is the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent bacterial cells that were engulfed by another cell and began functioning as organelles within that cell.
Answer: B
Although bacteria can be used to produce human proteins for therapeutic uses, what can be a disadvantage to using a prokaryotic system?
Although bacteria can be used to produce human proteins for therapeutic uses, the disadvantage to using a prokaryotic system is that proteins may not be post-translationally processed correctly.
A protein that is defective or lacking in a certain condition can be replaced with therapeutic proteins. They can also increase the body's production of a helpful protein to lessen the effects of illness or chemotherapy.
Patients with cancer, heart attacks, strokes, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, anaemia, and haemophilia are treated using therapeutic proteins. These proteins are made utilising microbial fermentation in transgenic plants, animals, and cell cultures.
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DNA is made up of the listed chemical components except
a. carbonyl groups.
b. nitrogen bases.
c. phosphate groups.
d. 5-carbon sugar molecules.
The DNA is made up of components except the carbonyl group. The correct option is a.
What is a DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to form a double helix.
The polymer contains genetic instructions for all known organisms and viruses' development, functioning, growth, and reproduction. Nucleic acids encompasses DNA as well as ribonucleic acid.
DNA is composed of chemical building blocks known as nucleotides. These building blocks are composed of three components: a phosphate group, a sugar group, and one of four different types of nitrogen bases.
Nucleotides are connected together in chains, with the phosphate along with sugar groups alternating.
The primary relationship between DNA and protein is that DNA encodes the information required for protein synthesis. However, DNA is not a protein.
Thus, the correct option is a.
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How is RNA different from DNA?
A. DNA is double stranded, contains uracil, sugar is ribose
B. DNA is single stranded , contains thymine , sugar is deoxyribose
C. RNA is single stranded, contains thymine , sugar is ribose.
D. RNA is single stranded , contains uracil , sugar is ribose
Answer:
D. RNA is single stranded , contains uracil, sugar is ribose
Answer:
D. RNA is single stranded , contains uracil , sugar is ribose
Explanation:
RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose
this diagram shows one step in the process of protein synthesis
Answer:
transpiration
Explanation:
Answer:
transpiration I hope this helps
Proteins, starch, and DNA are similar in that they are all
Answer:
Explanation:
Only starch is made of simple sugars, while proteins are made of amino acids, and DNA contain genes that code our genetic information. Therefore, choice 1 is correct. Indeed, proteins, starch and DNA are all considered to be organic compounds
Scientists determined the total mass of DNA from a sample of animal cells. The masses of equal numbers of cells were taken during three different stages of the cell cycle. Stage I contains cells massed during G1 of the cell cycle.
Which statement best describes the cells during Stage II?
A.
The cells have replicated their DNA, but have not completed mitosis and cytokinesis.
B.
The cells have completed mitosis and cytokinesis without replicating their DNA.
C.
The cells have replicated their DNA and completed mitosis and cytokinesis.
D.
The cells have temporarily exited the cell cycle without replicating their DNA.
The cells have replicated their DNA, but have not completed mitosis and cytokinesis.
What is mitosis?
The mitotic process is broken down into stages that mark the end of one set of activity and the beginning of the next.Preprophase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are the stages that apply only to plant cells.Chromosomes that have already been duplicated condense and attach to spindle fibres during mitosis, which pulls one copy of each chromosome to each of the cell's two opposite sides.Two daughter nuclei with the same genetic makeup are the outcome. The remaining portion of the cell may then carry out further cytokinesis division to create two daughter cells.With live cell imaging, the distinct stages of mitosis may be seen in real time.To know more about mitosis, click the link given below:
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one feature that helps provide fast energy to a muscle cell is the presence of granules containing the complex carbohydrate:
Surely, one feature which usually helps provide fast energy to a muscle cell in the presence of granules containing the complex carbohydrate simply is the creatine phosphate.
How creatine phosphate provides energy to a muscle cellIt happens that the release of energy in form of ATP ( adenosine triphosphate ) to our muscle cell is being achieved by the help of creatine phosphate by means or by way of transportation of of high-energy phosphate from the molecular substance; creatine phosphate to ADP ( adenosine diphosphate ), resulting in the formation of ATP
So therefore, it can accurately be deduced from the explanation given above that our muscle cells recieves high energy phosphate in form of ATP.
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Caused by formation and accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints that result from high levels of uric acid in bloodstream is called:_______
The condition caused by the formation and accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints due to high levels of uric acid in the bloodstream is called gout.
Gout is a form of arthritis that can cause severe pain, swelling, and redness in the affected joint. Uric acid is a waste product that is normally filtered out of the body by the kidneys. However, if there is an excess of uric acid or the kidneys are unable to excrete it properly, the uric acid can form crystals in the joints, leading to gout. Gout commonly affects the big toe, but it can also impact other joints such as the ankles, knees, wrists, and fingers.
Factors that contribute to high uric acid levels include genetics, poor kidney function, obesity, diet high in purines, and certain medications. Treatment options for gout typically include medications to control pain and inflammation, as well as lifestyle changes to help manage uric acid levels and prevent future gout attacks.
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Focal depth/focal length/near zone length: is the distance from the transducer to the narrowest part of the beam (the focus).
Phased array: adjustable focus systems
With a fixed focus transducer, 2 factors combine to determine the focal depth
1. transducer diameter
2. frequency of the sound
Yes, that's correct. The focal depth, also known as the near zone length or depth of field, refers to the distance from the transducer to the narrowest point of the ultrasound beam, where the beam is most tightly focused.
This distance is determined by several factors, including the transducer diameter, the frequency of the sound waves, and the properties of the tissue being imaged.
Phased array systems are designed to have an adjustable focus, allowing the operator to control the depth of focus and improve image quality. In contrast, fixed focus transducers have a single, predetermined focus depth that is determined by the transducer diameter and frequency.
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How High heat capacity does this help organisms on a
SMALL scale?
Answer:
the property of high heat capacity allows highly regulated internal body temperatures.
Explanation:
A gene has 2 alleles, R & B, List the possible genotypes? I also need help with questions 5, 6, 7 and 8 please help! Pls look at the picture! I will mark whoever sounds best the brain! Ty!
Answer:
5.) The possible genotypes should be: RR RB BB ( if the could for the same proteins)
6.) Frequency of R: 0.5
7.)Frequency of R: 0.5
8.)Frequency of R: 0.375
Explanation:
5.) If R and B code for the different forms of the same protein then they are only a few possible out comes
6.) First calculate the total alleles in population
allele R= 40
Allele B=40
total allele = R+B= 40+40
=80
Now to find allele R frequency is:
(Total R alleles) / (Total allele in pop)
40/80=
0.5
7.)Calculate the total alleles
Alleles from for R
RR= 10
R=10x 2= 20
Multiply the value by 2 because there are 2 R alleles present in
RB=20
R=20
Number doesn't change there is only 1 R allele
Total R=20+20
=40
Alleles For B
BB=10
B=10×2
=20
Same thing here, two B alleles together so multiple by 2
RB=20
B=20
Total B= 20+20
=40
Total alleles in pop add
40+40
=80
Frequency of R
Total of R/Total Alleles
=40/80
=0.5
8.)Repeat the same thing in 7 but use different numbers
RR=10
R=10x2
=20
RB=10
R=10
Total R= 20+10
=30
A group of students investigated how the salt content of water affects a plant that
lives in an aquatic ecosystem. On one slide, the students placed a piece of a leaf of
an aquatic plant and then added a drop of tap water. On a second slide, they placed
a piece of the same leaf and then added a drop of 10% salt solution. The students
observed both leaf pieces with a microscope. They repeated the process three times.
The table below summarizes their findings.
Observations of Aquatic Plant Cells
Condition Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts
Slide 1: Leaf in tap
water
Just inside cell
wall
Large, fills most
of cell
Near edges of cell,
around vacuole
Slide 2: Leaf in
10% salt solution
Pulled away from
cell wall
Invisible
Clumped in center
of cell
Which statement is the BEST explanation for these findings?
a The 10% salt solution was hypertonic; the tap water was isotonic.
b The 10% salt solution was hypotonic; the tap water was hypertonic.
The 10% salt solution was isotonic; the tap water was hypertonic.
O The 10% salt solution was isotonic; the tap water was hypotonic.
Explain the causes of the seasons
pls help
Answer:
Seasons change because of earth's rotation.
Explanation:
Earth's tilted axis causes the seasons. Throughout the year, different parts of Earth receive the Sun's most direct rays. So, when the North Pole tilts toward the Sun, it's summer in the Northern Hemisphere.
Hope this helped!
using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback loop, the thermometer would be an example of a(n):
The thermometer in the context of maintaining a constant temperature in a building can be considered an example of a sensor or a feedback sensor.
It measures the current temperature and provides information or feedback about the temperature to the control system. In a feedback loop, the thermometer's role is to sense the actual temperature and compare it to the desired or set temperature. Based on this comparison, the control system can take appropriate actions, such as adjusting the heating or cooling system, to bring the temperature back to the desired level.
The thermometer is an essential component in the feedback loop because it enables the control system to continuously monitor the temperature and make adjustments as needed to maintain the desired temperature in the building.
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The complete question is:
Using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback loop, the thermometer would be an example of what?
Which do you think is better for the environment: paper or plastic
Answer:
I think it is plastic
Explanation:
even though it take 400 years for a paper bag to decompose, people use more plastic.
Answer:
Paper is better for environment
Explanation:
Paper is because it decomposes much more quickly than plastic, and because of that it is less likely to be a source of danger and will not pose a risk to wildlife. Paper is also more recyclable, while plastic can take between 400 and 1,000 years to decompose.
Hope that helps.
Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic. Using the model, identify the similarities between the two cells.
Question 3 options:
Both have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria, and centrioles.
Both have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria, and golgi apparatus.
Both have a cell wall, ribosomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.
Both have a mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplasts.
Answer:
Both have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria, and golgi apparatus.
Explanation:
Animal cells don't have a cell wall nor chloroplasts. Centrioles are exclusive to animal cells.
Plant and animal cells both are eukaryotic.
The similarities between the two cells are that both have plasma membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria and golgi apparatus.
Major differences between plant and animal cellsPlant cells contain cell wall which maintains the integrity of the cell as well as protect the plant cell.
whereas, animal cell lack cell wall.
Plant cell contain chloroplast to carry out photosynthesis and make their own food.Whereas, an animals are heterotrophic that relies on plants for the
nutrients.
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Red blood cells _____. carry oxygen form clots carry carbon dioxide fight germs
Answer:
do
Explanation:
i took a cell class
counselors can develop their leadership skills through involvement in the following areas, except
Counselors can develop their leadership skills through involvement in various areas except for supervising employees. This is because supervising employees is more of a management role than a leadership role.
Leadership is the skill of guiding or motivating a group of people to accomplish a shared goal. it is the capacity to influence others. Leadership involves establishing a clear vision, communicating it to others, and persuading them to follow your lead. Leadership necessitates that a person has excellent communication, interpersonal, and problem-solving abilities. Developing leadership skills for Counselors Counselors may develop leadership skills by being involved in the following areas: Leading or chairing a professional development committee, a staff meeting, or a team meeting, Training or mentoring other counselors or new hires . Counselors cannot develop their leadership skills through supervising employees. Counselors can also develop their leadership skills by engaging in professional development opportunities, attending conferences, or pursuing a leadership degree.
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in the hershey chase experiments, the isotope 35s was used to label and the isotope 32p was used to label
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, the isotope 35S was used to label protein, and the isotope 32P was used to label DNA.The Hershey-Chase experiment was a series of experiments carried out in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase.
These experiments were carried out to determine the nature of the genetic material. In this experiment, the researchers used bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to investigate whether DNA or protein is the genetic material.Hershey and Chase used radioactive isotopes to label either the protein coat of the virus or the DNA inside it. The bacteriophages were then allowed to infect bacteria, and the researchers observed what happened. They found that when the virus's DNA was labeled with the radioactive isotope 32P, the radioactivity entered the bacteria. On the other hand, when the protein coat was labeled with the radioactive isotope 35S, no radioactivity was detected in the bacteria. This led to the conclusion that DNA is the genetic material that controls the characteristics of an organism.
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What are the prefixes/ suffixes of the word observation?
early adjacent vertebral fractures after balloon kyphoplasty for osteoporotic [hbgd2] vertebral compression fractures.
Early adjacent vertebral fractures can occur after balloon kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.
Balloon kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). However, a potential complication of this procedure is the occurrence of early adjacent vertebral fractures. This refers to the development of new fractures in vertebrae adjacent to the treated vertebrae following the kyphoplasty procedure. Although the exact cause of these fractures is not fully understood, it is believed to be related to changes in load distribution and biomechanical stress on the adjacent vertebrae after the procedure. Factors such as pre-existing osteoporosis, spinal alignment, and vertebral anatomy may also contribute to the risk of adjacent fractures. It is important for healthcare providers and patients to be aware of this potential complication and carefully evaluate the benefits and risks of balloon kyphoplasty in each individual case. Preoperative assessment and appropriate patient selection, along with postoperative monitoring and preventive measures, may help mitigate the risk of early adjacent vertebral fractures following balloon kyphoplasty.
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What will most likely happen if a person does not consume the minimum daily requirement of carbohydrates?
If a person does not consume the minimum daily requirement of carbohydrates then the body will use stored glycogen and the person will look unhealthy and become weak after some time.
Importance of carbohydrates: Like other nutrients, carbohydrates are also very essential for various functions of the body. Carbohydrates such as glucose are required for instant energy and day-to-day activities. If there is no or less amount of carbohydrate in the body then our body will start converting the glycogen that is stored in the liver into glucose. After some time, the person will start to appear unhealthy, thin and weak if there is no minimum daily requirement of carbohydrates is met.To know more about carbohydrates, refer:
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