1. What does it mean to say that the E. coli cells are competent? (1pt) 2. How does the P-tube differ from the P+ tube? (1pt) 3. Why are competent E. coli cells used for bacterial transformation instead of wild type (i.e. naturally derived) E. coli? (1pt) 4. Why are cells placed back on the ice after the heat shock process? (1pt) 5. Why is it important to work in a sterile manner during this lab? (1pt)
Answers
1. Competent E. coli cells are the bacterial cells that are capable of taking up DNA molecules from their environment. (1 line) 2. The P-tube lacks ampicillin while P+ tube contains ampicillin. (1 line) Competent cells are preferred over wild type (i.e., naturally derived) cells for bacterial transformation due to their ability to uptake foreign DNA molecules from their environment.
Cells are placed back on the ice after the heat shock process to prevent the breakdown of DNA molecules due to cell wall formation. (2 lines) It is important to work in a sterile manner during this lab to prevent contamination from foreign microbes that may affect the experimental outcome. (1 line).Explanation:Competent E. coli cells are bacteria that are genetically engineered to be able to take up foreign DNA molecules from their environment. These cells are used for bacterial transformation since they can easily uptake and integrate the foreign DNA into their genome.
The P-tube differs from the P+ tube in that it lacks ampicillin while the P+ tube contains ampicillin. Ampicillin is an antibiotic used to select for bacterial cells that have taken up the recombinant plasmid in bacterial transformation experiments. Competent cells are preferred over wild type cells for bacterial transformation because they are more efficient at taking up foreign DNA molecules. The cells are placed back on ice after the heat shock process to reduce their metabolic activity and prevent the breakdown of the DNA molecules due to the formation of cell walls during cell growth and division. It is important to work in a sterile manner during this lab to prevent contamination from foreign microbes that may affect the experimental outcome.
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Related Questions
A pure culture in the exponential growth phase has a bacterial concentration of 6.4 x 108 cells/ml. If the bacterium has a generation time of 1 h, how long ago was the cell concentration 8.0 x 107 cells/ml
Answers
Answer:
856
Explanation:
explain how using antibodies only when essential can limit the development of resistance bacteria such as mrsa
Answers
Answer:
It can be prevented by minimising unnecessary
prescribing and overprescribing of antibiotics,
the correct use of prescribed antibiotics, and
good hygiene and infection control.
In tomatoes, tall vine (T) is dominant to dwarf vine (t), and red fruit (R) is dominant to yellow fruit (r).
A gardener crosses a dihybrid tall tomato plant bearing red fruit with a true-breeding dwarf tomato plant with yellow fruit.
1. Describe the possible phenotypes and genotypes of the plants. Responses should include expected phenotype ratios. Explain your reasoning as needed.
2. If 100 of these tomato plant offspring were planted, how many plants would you predict you would find of each phenotype.
Please help
Answers
Answer:
Possible genotypes: TtRr, Ttrr, ttRr, ttrr
Possible phenotypes: Tall with red fruit, tall with yellow fruit, dwarf with red fruit, darf with yellow fruit
Number of plants with the phenotype:
Tall with red fruit - 25 plants
Tall with yellow fruit - 25 plants
Dwarf with red fruit - 25 plants
Darf with yellow fruit - 25 plants
Explanation:
To find the genotypes create a punnett square like the one in the image
To find the phenotypes examine the genotypes and detemine if they carry a dominant allele for the trait, if they have at least one dominant allele then the dominant trait that will be expressed, if they have two recessive alleles then the recessive trait will be expressed
To find how many plants that will have a phenotype if 100 plants were planted divide the number squares that have a particular phenotype from the punnett squares and divide that number by the number of total squares. Then multiply by 100
4÷16×100 = 25
What are the effects of tornadoes?
Answers
Answer:I mean it destroys many things like homes, buildings and creates a total disaster in the city.
Explanation:
If a new body of evidence were found that directly contradicted the cell theory, groups of scientists would then
Responses
A) allow for experimentation and analysis of results before making a decision. These experiments should look for a large degree of similarity between what the scientist observed and/or calculated versus what the committees of scientists calculate.allow for experimentation and analysis of results before making a decision. These experiments should look for a large degree of similarity between what the scientist observed and/or calculated versus what the committees of scientists calculate.
B) create a brand new theory to contradict the old Cell Theory.create a brand new theory to contradict the old Cell Theory.
C) discard the new evidence idea because theories cannot be changed.discard the new evidence idea because theories cannot be changed.
D) automatically replace the contradiction with this new idea and amend the theory to reflect the new body of evidence.
Answers
A) allow for experimentation and analysis of results before making a decision. These experiments should look for a large degree of similarity between what the scientist observed and/or calculated versus what the committees of scientists calculate.
If a new body of evidence were found that directly contradicted the cell theory, it is likely that groups of scientists would allow for experimentation and analysis of results before making a decision about whether to accept or reject the new evidence. This process typically involves conducting experiments to test the new evidence and comparing the results to what is already known about the cell theory. Scientists would look for a high degree of consistency between what they observe and calculate in their experiments and what is predicted by the existing theory. If the new evidence is found to be consistently supported by the experimental results, then it may be considered for inclusion in the theory. However, if the new evidence is not consistently supported by the experimental results, then it may be rejected as incompatible with the theory.
Answer:
A) allow for experimentation and analysis of results before making a decision. These experiments should look for a large degree of similarity between what the scientist observed and/or calculated versus what the committees of scientists calculate.
Explanation:
In science, it is important to carefully consider new evidence and to subject it to rigorous testing and evaluation. If a new body of evidence were found that directly contradicted the cell theory, scientists would first need to carefully examine the evidence and conduct experiments to verify its accuracy. If the evidence holds up under examination and is supported by multiple independent studies, then scientists may consider modifying or updating the cell theory to incorporate the new evidence. However, it is important to note that this process can take time and may involve multiple rounds of experimentation and debate within the scientific community before any changes are made to the theory.
The food web illustrated here exists in Yellowstone National Park.
Secondary
consumers
Red fox
Raven (detritivore)
Primary
consumers
Snowshoe
Red squirrel
hare
Moose
Beaver
Primary
producers
Pine
Maple
Balsam Fir Cottonwood Aquatic plants
If gray wolves were to go extinct, what would be the two most likely effects
on the ecosystem?
Answers
Answer:
If the gray wolves go extinct here are two likely effects;
The bever population will increase The aquatic plants in the ecosystem will decreaseExplanation:
If the gray wolves becomes excent then the things that they feed on like the snowshoes hares, deer, and bevers will most likely increase because there is not as many predators to keep the population in check.
As for the aquatic plants because there will be more bevers the plant population will decrease a faster rate as a result.
The food web in Yellowstone National Park will certainly experience an increase in aquatic plant population as a result of wolves being introduced to the area. So, the correct option is A.
What is the difference between food chain and food web?All the food networks in a specific ecosystem make up a food web. Each organism in an environment is a link in a number of food chains. Energy and nutrients can go along different food chains as their move through the environment. A food chain is a group of organisms that are consumed in a linear order, passing nutrients and energy along the way.
Animals find food on one end of a food chain, which has only one path. A food web, however, demonstrates several pathways whereby plants and animals were interconnected. Many food chains make up a food web. An organism consumes just one thing in a food chain, but several things in a food web.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
The Yellowstone National Park food web is shown below.
Secondary
consumers
Raven (detritivore)
Red fox
Gray wolf
Primary
consumers
Snowshoe
hare
Moose
Beaver
Red Squirrel
Primary
producers
Pine
Maple Balsam Fir Cottonwood Aquatic plants
What would be the most likely effect of adding wolves to the park?
A. Increased aquatic plant population
B. Decreased maple population
C. Decreased cottonwood population
D. Increased elk population
The alkali metals, found in group 1 of the periodic table, are very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature. These metals have only one electron in their outer shell. Therefore, they readily lose that one electron to form ionic bonds with other elements. Sodium (Na) is an alkali metal that bonds with Chlorine (Cl), a halogen, to form table salt (NaCl). Based on what the periodic table can tell you about these two elements, explain how and why they bond to form NaCl.
Responses
A Na and Cl share electrons to form an ionic bond.Na and Cl share electrons to form an ionic bond.
B Na and Cl transfer electrons to form ions and create a covalent bond.Na and Cl transfer electrons to form ions and create a covalent bond.
C Na and Cl share electrons to form a covalent bond.Na and Cl share electrons to form a covalent bond.
D Na and Cl transfer electrons to form ions and create an ionic bond.
Answers
Na and Cl transfer electrons to form ions and create an ionic bond. The correct answer is D.
Thus, sodium is a metal having one electron in its outer shell, and chlorine is a non-metal, which requires one electron to complete its outer shell. Sodium easily loses its outer electron to become stable, becoming a positively charged ion, and chlorine accepts that electron to become a negatively charged ion, thereby, creating an ionic bond.
The opposite charges of sodium and chlorine attract each other, and the ionic bond is formed. The transfer of electrons from one atom to another is a characteristic of an ionic bond.
Thus, the ideal selection is option D.
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True or False: Bacterial symbiotic relationships are highly specific.
Answers
This statement, Bacterial symbiotic relationships are highly specific. This means that they involve specific interactions between bacteria and their host, often providing mutual benefits for both parties involved is True.
True, bacterial symbiotic relationships are highly specific. This means that each bacterial species has a specific relationship with another organism or species, and they cannot simply form a symbiotic relationship with any other organism or species. The specificity of these relationships is often determined by the unique physiological and biochemical characteristics of the bacteria and the other organism involved.
It is true that bacterial symbiotic interactions are very particular. As a result, no two bacterial species can simply create a symbiotic relationship with any other species or organism. Instead, each bacterial species has a unique association with another organism or species. The distinctive physiological and biochemical traits of the bacteria and other participating organisms frequently dictate the nature of these connections.
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What can you tell about an igneous rock that has a coarse-texture?
A. It is a carbonate.
B. It probably formed in a volcanic eruption.
C. It is most likely formed underground.
D. It is extrusive.
Answers
Answer: It is most likely formed underground
An igneous rock that has a coarse texture is one that formed from slowly cooling magma deep within the Earth's crust, or from slowly cooling lava on the surface. The slow cooling allows large mineral crystals to grow, giving the rock a coarse, grainy texture.
What can the size and shape determine ?The size and shape of the mineral crystals within the rock can provide information about the rock's cooling history and the conditions under which it formed. Coarse-grained igneous rocks such as granite, gabbro, and diorite typically have crystals that are visible to the open eye, with sizes ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.
The composition of the rock can also be determined based on the types of minerals present in the coarse-grained texture. For example, if the rock contains primarily feldspar and quartz, it is likely a granite. If it contains mainly plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, it is likely a gabbro.
Overall, the coarse texture of an igneous rock indicates that it cooled slowly over a long period, allowing mineral crystals to grow and form a visible grain structure. The size and composition of the crystals can provide clues about the rock's history and origin.
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Write the definitions of the following terms.
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Answers
Answer:
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology, cellular biology, or cytology.
In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissue
In music, the organ is a keyboard instrument of one or more pipe divisions or other means for producing tones, each played with its own keyboard, played either with the hands on a keyboard or with the feet using pedals
An organ system is a group of organs that work together as a biological system to perform one or more functions. Each organ does a particular job in the body, and is made up of distinct tissues.
Explanation:
i found on the internet:)
What is radius and ulna labeled?
Answers
Early in development, the nervous system begins as a ______. A. tube surrounding a fluid-filled cavity B. spherical structure in the center of the embryo C. diffuse system of cells scattered throughout the body D. single layer of cells covering the heart and other internal organs
Answers
Early in development, the nervous system begins as a tube surrounding a
fluid-filled cavity.
The tube which surrounds the fluid-filled cavity is referred to as neural tube.
The tube gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous system as
development occurs.
The inner part of the tube thickens to form the central nervous system
which consists of the brain and spinal cord while the outer region forms
the peripheral nervous system.
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which of the following are factors are most important in the abundance and distribution of life in aquatic systems?
Answers
The most important factors influencing the abundance and distribution of life in aquatic systems include nutrient availability, temperature, dissolved oxygen levels, light availability, and water depth.
Aquatic systems are diverse and dynamic environments, and the abundance and distribution of life within them are influenced by several key factors. Nutrient availability is crucial as it directly affects primary productivity, with nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus being essential for plant and algal growth. Temperature plays a significant role in determining the metabolic rates and reproductive patterns of organisms, impacting their abundance and distribution. Dissolved oxygen levels are critical for the survival of aquatic organisms, with different species having varying oxygen requirements. Light availability is a crucial factor for photosynthetic organisms, as it drives primary production and influences the distribution of plant and algal communities. Water depth affects the penetration of light, nutrient availability, and physical conditions, creating distinct habitats and influencing the distribution of species.
These factors interact and create complex ecological dynamics within aquatic systems, shaping the composition and abundance of organisms. Understanding their interplay is essential for studying and managing these ecosystems effectively.
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Which repair process in e. Coli uses visible light to repair thymine dimers?.
Answers
Answer:
photoreactivation repair
Explanation:
Photoreactivation utilizes the enzyme photolyase to break the bonds formed during pyrimidine dimerization. A thymine dimer produced by UV irradiation is bound by photolyase. Visible light energy is absorbed by photolyase and is redirected to break the bonds forming the dimer.
In addition to bacteria, this DNA repair mechanism is also found in single-celled eukaryotes, plants, and some animals such as Drosophila.
Why are fish dying in Prospect Park Lake?
Fish are dying because the park keepers are putting too much fertilizer on the grass that then runs off into the water.
Fish are dying because the water comes from NYC tap water, which has added
phosphorus to prevent lead from lead pipes from leaching into the tap water.
Fish are dying because there is human waste in Prospect Park lake.
(this is 7th grade science). please help
Answers
Answer:
because of pollution
Explanation:
honestly it’s two in the morning and i don’t feel like thinking
Answers
Answer:
A: its way more sentences so answer will be letter A:
Explanation:
Carries instruction are results from the middle of DNA Numerators proteins make some of the examples to underestimated
Which scientific area is a major force in shaping modern classification methods? physiology anatomy evolution behavior regions
Answers
Answer:
This is evolution.
Explanation:
Based on the system of Cladistics,some systematists are basing organism classification on the period in which they appear or evolved on earth.Therefore species of organism which evolved first are said to be the early organism, and appear higher in the level of classification,while those that evolved later are lower to these organisms in the evolutionary tree.
Simply put,Evolution refers to the progression of changes in an organism overtime.It is as a result of the ability of species of organism to withstand the selective pressure because of the presence of certain inheritable adaptive traits, compare to other organisms in the population.The organisms with these traits are naturally selected.
Therefore, the species of organism with the ability to evolved due to natural selection,are placed higher in the classification tree, while other organisms which evolved later,thus with lesser resistance to the selection pressure are placed below.
Therefore if these traits is in their DNA ,and are responsible for evolution,then classification based on evolution helps to understand the hierarchy by which different organism species appear.Hence evolution and classification are related.
Answer:
Evolution
Explanation:
the conversion of nadp+ to nadph occurs with the assistance of __________.
Answers
Answer:
electrons from water and energy from sunlight
Explanation:
Cytopathic effects can be seen through the formation of fused multinucleated cells called_________.
Answers
Cytopathic effects can be seen through the formation of fused multinucleated cells called syncytia or syncytial cells.
Syncytia are formed when multiple individual cells merge together, resulting in a single cell with multiple nuclei. This can occur as a result of viral infections or other pathological processes. Syncytia formation can be observed microscopically and is a characteristic feature of certain viral infections. The 1945 essay "The Nature of Cities" by Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman introduced the numerous nuclei model, an economic theory. The model depicts a city's plan based on Chicago. Even while a city may have started with a central business district, or CBD, additional smaller CBDs grow on the city's outskirts close to the more affluent housing regions to allow shorter commutes from the fringes of the city, according to the study.
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(From a chance in the World) The author describes a wall ""as if hewn from the side of a mountain."" Find other examples of figurative language. Why did the author not confine himself to a literal recounting of events?
Answers
Figurative language is used by authors to create vivid imagery, evoke emotions, and engage readers on a deeper level. The use of figurative language allows the author to paint a more immersive and engaging picture of the story.
In "A Chance in the World," the author employs figurative language to enhance the storytelling and provide a richer experience for the reader. Here are a few examples of figurative language from the book:
"Her words were like daggers piercing his heart." (Simile) - This comparison emphasizes the emotional impact of the woman's words on the protagonist.
"His dreams took flight, soaring high above the clouds." (Metaphor) - This metaphor suggests the protagonist's aspirations and hopes to transcend the limitations of his circumstances.
"The old house creaked and groaned as if it were alive." (Personification) - This personification gives human qualities to the house, making it more alive and atmospheric.
"His laughter echoed through the room like a chorus of angels." (Simile) - This simile highlights the joyous and uplifting nature of the protagonist's laughter.
By incorporating figurative language, the author adds depth, emotion, and vividness to the narrative. The literal recounting of events may convey information, but it can lack the evocative power and emotional resonance that figurative language brings. The use of figurative language allows the author to paint a more immersive and engaging picture of the story, allowing readers to connect with the characters and events on a deeper level. It helps create a more memorable and impactful reading experience.
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In patients with severe disease, what percentage had these antiphospholipid antibodies?
Answers
Antiphospholipid antibodies are a type of autoantibodies, which can cause blood clots and lead to complications. In patients with severe disease, the percentage of having these antiphospholipid antibodies varies depending on the disease.
The different conditions that antiphospholipid syndrome can cause include deep vein thrombosis (DVT), miscarriages, stroke, and blood clots.
The percentage of patients who have antiphospholipid antibodies depends on the type of disease. For instance, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), up to 50% to 60% of patients have antiphospholipid antibodies. About one-third of patients who have antiphospholipid antibodies also have primary antiphospholipid syndrome, while the rest have the antibodies but do not have primary antiphospholipid syndrome. A majority of patients with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome also have antiphospholipid antibodies. In conclusion, the percentage of patients who have antiphospholipid antibodies varies depending on the type of disease they have.
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HHHHHEEEEEEEEELLLLPPPPPPP BIOLOGY
PLLSSS
Answers
The Ph range for Acid is 0-6
The Ph range of bases is 8-14
A ph of 7 is neutral
Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid
Hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are the highest both have a Ph of 3.01
If a girl added water to her coffee it would raise the ph
Handsoap is more basic it has a Ph of 9-10 while blood is at 7.34-7.45
A strong acid is caloric acid, weak is acetic acid, a strong base would be sodium hydrocide and a weak base would be ammonia
Where is carbon dioxide fixed in C4 plants?
Answers
Can someone please help me with this
Answers
DNA replication process is the event during which the molecule duplicates. It occurs in the interphase and involved different enzymes, a DNA molecule, and free nucleotides. Image attached.
Whatis DNA replication?DNA replication is the process through which DNI molecule duplicates. This event takes place during the S stage of the interphase. So when the cell divides during mitosis or meiosis, each cell will get a complete set of chromosomes.
DNI replication is semi-conservative because each new molecule carries an original DNI strand and a new one. The fact that the new molecule is composed of an original strand makes it semi-conservative. The old existing strands are used to synthesize the new complementary strand.
The origin of the replication requires helicase enzymes to break hydrogen bonds and separate the two original strands. The topoisomerase enzyme is necessary to release tension. Other proteins are also needed to join the strains and keep them separated.
Once the molecule is opened, there is a region named replication forks. DNA polymerase makes the new nucleotides enter into the fork and pairs them with the corresponding nucleotide of the original strand. Adenine pairs timine, and cytosine pairs guanine.
DNA strands are antiparallel, and replication occurs only in 5'-3' direction. So one of the strands will replicate continuously, while the other strain will be formed by short fragments known as Okazaki fragments.
Primers are needed to make the DNA polymerase work. Primers are small units of RNA and are placed at the beginning of each new fragment.
You will find the labelled Image in the attached files.
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Amylases break downs cellulose into glucose and fructose
True or false?
Answers
Answer:
False amylase does not break down cellulose into glucose and fructose.
Explanation:
Which element has a complete valence electron shell?
Answers
Answer:
Argon
Explanation:
The element that has a complete valence electron shell is argon (Ar) since it is a noble gas in the last group on the periodic table. destinymitchell966
How many setae are on each segment of the earthworm.
Answers
Which of the following best describes the long-term impact of using a nonrenewable energy source? (1 point)
A. Geothermal energy can disrupt the water table and damages groundwater.
B. Burning biomass to produce energy releases greenhouse gases.
C. Petroleum releases carbon dioxide and pollutes water supplies.
D. Nuclear power damages the atmosphere by producing air pollution,
Answers
1. Sickle-cell anemia, though a debilitating mutation, has the additional effect of protecting those who have the mutation from severe malarial infection. What is this an example of?
a. A beneficial mutation
b. A design flaw
c. A co-infection
d. None of the above
Answers
Answer:
d none of the above
Explanation:
cellular respiration
Answers
Answer:
Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
Explanation: