Answer:
Explanation:
sa sodium
write the atomicity of oxygen
starting with calcium chloride describe how one can prepare calcium carbonate
When chlorine is added to acetylene, tetrachloroethaneis formed:
2 Cl2(g)+ C2H2(g)-->C2H2Cl4(l)
How many liters of chlorine at STP will be needed to make 75.0 grams of C2H2Cl4? Use 4 sig figs.
_____ L Cl2
50 points
Answer:
Explanation:
To determine the amount of chlorine needed to make 75.0 grams of C2H2Cl4, we need to balance the chemical equation and then use the molar ratio between the reactants and product to find the amount of Cl2 needed.
The balanced equation is:
2 Cl2(g) + C2H2(g) -> C2H2Cl4(l)
Next, we can use the molar mass of C2H2Cl4 to find the number of moles of C2H2Cl4 produced:
75.0 g C2H2Cl4 x (1 mole C2H2Cl4 / 153.8 g C2H2Cl4) = 0.489 moles C2H2Cl4
Since the balanced equation has a 1:2 ratio of C2H2 to Cl2, this means that we need 2 moles of Cl2 for every mole of C2H2Cl4 produced. Therefore, we will need 2 x 0.489 moles = 0.978 moles of Cl2.
Finally, to find the volume of Cl2 at STP, we can use the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
Where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L-atm/mol-K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin (273 K).
Since the pressure is 1 atm and the temperature is 273 K, we can rearrange the equation to solve for volume:
V = nRT / P = 0.978 moles x 0.0821 L-atm/mol-K x 273 K / 1 atm = 17.1 L
Therefore, 17.1 liters of Cl2 at STP will be needed to make 75.0 grams of C2H2Cl4.
base and? The carbonate buffer is responsible for the pH regulation of the extracellular environment. A carbonic acid-hydrogencarbonate is prepared in a ratio 1.25:1. The Ka is 4.5 x 10^-7 what is the concentration of t hydrogen carbonate ion if the physiological pH = 7.35 what is the concentration of H₂CO₂ lon
The concentration of the hydrogen carbonate ion ([HCO₃⁻]) is approximately 3.15 x 10⁷ and the concentration of the carbonic acid ([H₂CO₃]) is approximately 2.52 x 10⁷.
The carbonate buffer system plays a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance of the extracellular environment. In this system, carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) and hydrogen carbonate (HCO₃⁻) act as a conjugate acid-base pair. Given that the ratio of carbonic acid to hydrogen carbonate is 1.25:1, we can assume that the initial concentration of carbonic acid is higher. Let's denote the initial concentration of carbonic acid as [H₂CO₃] and the concentration of hydrogen carbonate as [HCO₃⁻]. The dissociation of carbonic acid can be represented by the equation: H₂CO₃ ⇌ H⁺ + HCO₃⁻. The equilibrium constant (Ka) for this reaction is given as 4.5 x 10⁻⁷. At physiological pH (7.35), the concentration of H⁺ is determined by the dissociation of carbonic acid and is tightly regulated. To calculate the concentration of hydrogen carbonate ion ([HCO₃⁻]), we need to make use of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = pKa + log([HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃])
Substituting the given values, we have:
7.35 = -log(4.5 x 10⁻⁷) + log([HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃])
Rearranging the equation, we find:
log([HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃]) = 7.35 + log(4.5 x 10⁻⁷)
Taking antilog of both sides, we get:
[HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃] = 10^(7.35 + log(4.5 x 10⁻⁷))
Simplifying the right-hand side, we have:
[HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃] ≈ 3.15 x 10⁷
Since the initial ratio of H₂CO₃ to HCO₃⁻ is 1.25:1, we can set up the equation:
[HCO₃⁻] = 1.25 x [H₂CO₃]
Substituting the value of [HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃] from above, we find:
1.25 x [H₂CO₃] = 3.15 x 10⁷
Solving for [H₂CO₃], we get:
[H₂CO₃] ≈ 2.52 x 10⁷
Therefore, the concentration of the hydrogen carbonate ion ([HCO₃⁻]) is approximately 3.15 x 10⁷ and the concentration of the carbonic acid ([H₂CO₃]) is approximately 2.52 x 10⁷.
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How does the scale of energy released by the fusion process compare to the scale of energy
released by other, nonnuclear chemical reactions?
On a paper about the sun.
The energy released in other chemical reactions The energy released by the fusion process is roughly 3–4 times more than the energy liberated by the fission process.
Describe fusion:In a fusion reaction, two light nuclei merge to create a heavier nucleus. The process leads to the generation of energy because of the mass of the single nucleus that forms is less than the sum of the masses of the two original nuclei. Any leftover mass is transformed into energy.
What happens in the fusion process first?A deuterium (2H) nucleus is created from two protons in the first step of the hydrogen fusion process, along with an antielectron and a neutrino. Four hydrogen protons and two electrons are used in the basic hydrogen fusion cycle, which results in the creation of a helium nucleus, two neutrinos, and six photons.
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Mass and energy are conservedQuestion options:A) only in chemical changes.B) in chemical changes and physical changes.C) only in physical changes.D) always in physical changes and sometimes in chemical changes.
Answer
B) in chemical changes and physical changes.
Explanation
Matter can change form through physical and chemical changes, but through any of these changes, matter is conserved. The same amount of matter exists before and after the change —none is created or destroyed. This concept is called the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Also, the law of conservation of energy states that in any physical or chemical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed. In other words, the entire energy in the universe is conserved.
Therefore, mass and energy are conserved in chemical changes and physical changes.
The correct answer is option B) in chemical changes and physical changes.
Which of the following has a ΔH°f = 0 kJ/mol?
Question 16 options:
Fe2+(aq)
NO(g)
CS2(l)
N2(g)
H2O(l)
The compound that has a ΔH°f = 0 kJ/mol is N2(g). The correct option is D.
What is standard enthalpy?The standard enthalpy of formation is the measurement of energy that is used or released in the formation of one mole of a substance from a pure element in its pure state. The standard enthalpy is denoted by ΔH°f.
Nitrogen is an important element of the living body. It is present in the highest amount in the atmosphere. In the following compounds. Only dinitrogen, N2 is a single element. So its ΔH°f = 0 kJ/mol
Thus, the correct option is D. N2(g).
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0.87 grams of nitrous acid is mixed with potassium hydroxide, find the mass of each in grams. Find the pH of the acid and pOH of the base.
Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. Therefore, the mass of every substance can be calculated as below.
What is mole?The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number.
HNO\(_2\) + KOH \(\rightarrow\) KNO\(_2\)+ H\(_2\)O
The mole ratio among HNO\(_2\), KOH, KNO\(_2\) and H\(_2\)O is 1:1:1:1.
number of moles of HNO\(_2\)= given mass of HNO\(_2\)/ molar mass of HNO\(_2\)
number of moles of HNO\(_2\)= 0.87 / 31.01
= 0.028 moles
moles of HNO\(_2\), KOH, KNO\(_2\) and H\(_2\)O is 0.028 moles
mass of KOH= moles of KOH× Molar mass of KOH
= 0.02× 56.11
=1.12g
mass of KNO\(_2\)= 0.02× 85.1
= 1.70g
mass of H\(_2\)O =0.02× 18
= 0.36g
Therefore, the mass of every substance can be calculated as above.
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In an isolated system, two copper bars at different temperatures transfer energy until both are at the same temperature. How would the transfer of
energy be different if the bars were in an open system?
OA Energy transfer would occur only between the copper bars.
OB. Energy transfer would occur between the copper bars and the surroundings.
OC. No energy transfer would occur between the copper bars or the surroundings.
OD. Energy transfer would occur only with the surroundings.
The manner in which the transfer of energy would be different if the bars were in an open system is as follows: Energy transfer would occur between the copper bars and the surroundings (option B).
What is law of conservation of energy?The law of conservation of energy principle stating that energy may not be created or destroyed.
An isolated system exchanges neither energy nor matter with the surroundings. According to this question, two copper bars at different temperatures transfer energy until both are at the same temperature.
However, in an open system, some of the energy would be transferred to the surroundings.
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what does the first ionization energy represent?
A. the energy required to add an electron
B. the energy to remove an energy level of electrons
C. the energy required to remove an electron from an atom
D. the energy given off when an electron is gained
The first ionization energy represents Option C. the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
The ionization energy is defined as the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion to form a cation that carries a charge of +1.Ionization energy is an essential property of an element, and it is determined by the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) and the distance between the valence electrons and the nucleus. The effective nuclear charge is the positive charge that an electron experiences from the nucleus.
The closer the valence electrons are to the nucleus, the greater the effective nuclear charge, making it more challenging to remove an electron from the atom. The ionization energy increases from left to right and from bottom to top across the periodic table. The ionization energy decreases from top to bottom and from right to left across the periodic table. The reason for this trend is the increase in atomic radius and the decrease in effective nuclear charge from top to bottom and from right to left on the periodic table.
Ionization energy plays a significant role in chemical reactions, particularly in redox reactions. The energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion is equivalent to the energy released when the ion or atom gains an electron. A high ionization energy indicates that the atom is less reactive and more stable since it requires a lot of energy to remove an electron. Therefore the correct option is C
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Which statement best compares the amount of fossil fuels formed each year to the amount used each year?
Answer: The amount of fossil fuels formed is approximately the same as the amount used.
Explanation:
The amount of fossil fuels formed is approximately the same as the amount used. The amount of fossil fuels formed is much less than the amount used. The amount of fossil fuels formed is greater than the amount used.
The amount of fossil fuels formed is much less than the amount used. The correct option is C.
What is fossil fuel?Fossil fuels are deduced from the putrefaction of both animals and plants. These fuels, which can be discovered in the Earth's crust as well as encapsulate carbon and hydrogen, can be burned for energy.
Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas. The amount of fossil fuels produced is significantly less than the amount consumed.
The compounds that comprised up plankton as well as plants transform into fossil fuels after millions of years underground. Plants decompose into coal while plankton decomposes into natural gas and oil.
These resources are now extracted by humans through coal mining and the drilling of oil and gas wells on land and offshore.
Warming would certainly slow if we stopped using fossil fuels today, but removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere will have to happen eventually.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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Your question seems incomplete, the missing options are:
The amount of fossil fuels formed is exactly the same as the amount used.
The amount of fossil fuels formed is approximately the same as the amount used.
The amount of fossil fuels formed is much less than the amount used.
The amount of fossil fuels formed is greater than the amount used.
Describe how charge is transferred from the ruler to the metal rod
Answer:
When the ruler is broughı near the inetal knob, it repels electrons in the metal. Electrons move away froni the ruler and down the metal rod. The knob now has a positive charge. The thin pieces of metal foil at the bottom of the metal rod now have a negative charge.
Answer: When the ruler is broughı near the inetal knob, it repels electrons in the metal. Electrons move away froni the ruler and down the metal rod. The knob now has a positive charge. The thin pieces of metal foil at the bottom of the metal rod now have a negative charge.
Explanation:
What is the pressure, in atmospheres, exerted by a 0.100 mol sample of oxygen in a 2.00 L container at 273 °C? A) 4.48 x 10¹¹ atm B) 2.24 x 10⁰ atm C) 1.12 x 10³ atm D) 2.24 x 10³ atm
The pressure, in atmospheres, exerted by a 0.100 mol sample of oxygen in a 2.00 L container at 273 °C is 2.24 × 10⁰ atm.
How to calculate pressure?The pressure of a substance can be calculated using the following formula;
PV = nRT
P = pressureV = volumen = no of molesR = gas law constantT = temperatureAccording to this question, the pressure, in atmospheres, exerted by a 0.100 mol sample of oxygen in a 2.00 L container at 273 °C can be calculated as follows:
P × 2 = 0.1 × 0.0821 × 546
2P = 4.48266
P = 2.24 × 10⁰ atm
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Please please please help
Answer:
See explanation.
Explanation:
Hello!
In this case, since the main molecular reaction that is taken place in the beaker is:
\(AgNO_3(aq)+BaI_2(aq)\rightarrow AgI(s)+Ba(NO_3)_2(aq)\)
In such a way, we understand that one breaker contained silver nitrate and the other one barium iodide. Thus, the complete molecular equations turns out:
\(2AgNO_3(aq)+BaI_2(aq)\rightarrow 2AgI(s)+Ba(NO_3)_2(aq)\)
Now, for the complete ionic equation, we just ionize the aqueous species:
\(2Ag^++2NO_3^-+Ba^{2+}+2I^-\rightarrow 2AgI(s)+Ba^{2+}+2(NO_3)^-\)
Finally, for the net ionic equation we cancel out barium and nitrate ions as the spectator one because they are both sides on the equation:
\(2Ag^++2I^-\rightarrow 2AgI(s)\)
Best regards!
In the process of preparing liquid air for fractional distillation, one fraction will be separated as a solid. What is the chemical name of this fraction?
Answer:
carbon dioxide CO₂
Explanation:
Each gas has a characteristic boiling point. You can separate a random sample of gases by gradually cooling the sample until each component gas liquifies. Some compounds, such as CO₂ never liquify. Instead, they turn directly into solids.
The fraction that will be separated as a solid in the process of liquefaction of air is carbon dioxide.
What is sublimation?
Sublimation is the process of changing the material from its solid to gaseous form without it being liquid, according to physics. An illustration is the evaporation of dry ice, which is frozen carbon dioxide, at typical atmospheric pressure and temperature. Vapour pressure and temperature correlations cause the phenomena.
Food is freeze-dried to preserve it by sublimating water from it while it is frozen under a strong vacuum. Phase is a term used in thermodynamics to describe an amount of matter that is chemically and physically uniform or homogeneous, can be mechanically isolated from a nonhomogeneous mixture, and may consist of a single material or a combination of substances.
The three basic phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas (vapor), however additional phases, including crystalline, colloid, glassy, amorphous, and plasma, are thought to exist.
Therefore, during the liquefaction of air, the gas that will be separated as a solid is carbon dioxide.
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Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6; acid rain usually has a pH between *
4.2 and 4.4
7.8 and 8.0
3.1 and 3.3
5.6 and 5.8
Answer: 7.8 and 8.0
Explanation:
that's it right up there :)
Brainliest will be rewarded!
Option B, where [OH-] is 1.0 x 10-13 mol dm-³3, is the only one that can be considered basic. Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.
To determine whether a solution is basic or acidic at 25 °C, we can compare the concentration of hydroxide ions ([OH-]) with the concentration of hydronium ions ([\(H_3O\)+]). In a neutral solution, the concentrations of [\(H_3O\)+] and [OH-] are equal, resulting in a pH of 7.
Option A states that the concentration of [\(H_3O\)+] is 1.0 x 10-3 mol dm-3. Since [\(H_3O\)+] represents the concentration of hydronium ions, this solution would be acidic because the concentration of [\(H_3O\)+] is higher than [OH-], indicating an excess of hydronium ions.
Option B states that the concentration of [OH-] is 1.0 x 10-13 mol dm-³3. In this case, [OH-] is higher than [\(H_3O\)+], indicating an excess of hydroxide ions. Therefore, this solution would be considered basic.
Option C states that the solution has a pH of 4.00. A pH of 4.00 is below the neutral pH of 7, indicating an excess of hydronium ions and an acidic solution. Therefore, this option does not represent a basic solution.
Option D states that the concentration of [\(H_3O\)+] is 1.0 x 10-13 mol dm-3. Similar to Option A, this concentration of [\(H_3O\)+] indicates an acidic solution, not a basic one.
Option B
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Answer:
D is the correct answer
Explanation:
In order for a solution to be basic at 25 C, the H+ concentration has to be less than the OH- concentration, and given that H+ times OH- is 10^-14, we deduce that H+ must be less than 10^-7 for the solution to be acidic. Thus, A can be eliminated, and so can C. With B, we calculate an H+ concentration of 0.1M, which also fails to be less than 10^-7
Thus, D is the correct answer and we can verify that as H+ is less than 10^-7.
Note: I do not know why my previous answer was deleted for "being incorrect", and i'm not sure how the incorrect answer was "expert verified", but I am as certain that D is the correct answer as i am sure of 3*(4+5-1) being equal to 24.
Think about how you could design a robot to propel itself across an ice rink by applying the same principles that cause rockets to move. Describe what materials you would use and how the robot would work. What are some material limitations that you would need to consider for a robot moving on ice?
please help
Answer:
To design a robot that propels itself across an ice rink using the same principles as rockets, I would start by considering the materials that would be suitable for use on ice. Some materials that might work well for this purpose include plastic, rubber, and certain types of metal, such as aluminum or stainless steel.
Explanation:
The robot would work by using a propulsion system to generate a force that propels it forward. This could be achieved using a variety of methods, such as by using a jet engine or a rocket engine to produce a stream of hot gases that exits through a nozzle, creating a thrust force in the opposite direction.One material limitation to consider when designing a robot that moves on ice is the coefficient of friction between the robot's surface and the ice. A material with a low coefficient of friction, such as rubber or plastic, would be better suited for movement on ice, as it would provide less resistance and allow the robot to move more easily. In contrast, a material with a high coefficient of friction, such as steel, would be more difficult to move on ice, as it would generate more resistance and require more force to overcome.Other material limitations to consider when designing a robot for movement on ice might include the robot's weight and shape, as well as the overall stability and balance of the robot. It would also be important to consider the durability and wear resistance of the materials used, as the robot may need to withstand repeated movement on the ice over time.Answer:
Explanation:
Students learn about humankind’s search for life in outer space and how it connects to robotics and engineering. NASA is interested in sending exploratory missions to one of Jupiter’s moons, Europa, which requires a lot of preparatory research and development on Earth before it can happen. One robot currently being engineered as a proof of concept for a possible trip to explore Europa is the Icefin, which is an innovative robot that can explore under ice and in water, which are the believed conditions on Europa. This lesson provides students with intriguing information about far off (distance and time!) space missions and field robotics, and also sets up two associated robotics and arts integration activities to follow. The lesson can be used individually to provide new information to students, or as a precursor to the associated activities. A PowerPoint® presentation and worksheet are provided
A solution has a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.91 x 10^-5M. Answer the questions below for this solution:1. What is the pH of the solution? 2. Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
Answer
1. The pH of the solution is 9.69
2. The solution is basic.
Explanation
What is given:
The concentration of hydroxide ion, [OH⁻] = 4.91 x 10⁻⁵ M
Step-by-step solution:
1. What is the pH of the solution?
The first approach to this question is to determine the pOH of the hydroxide ion concentration.
The formula to calculate the pOH of a solution is given as:
\(pOH=-log[OH^-]\)Putting [OH⁻] = 4.91 x 10⁻⁵ into the formula, we have:
\(\begin{gathered} pOH=-log(4.91\times10^{-5}) \\ \\ pOH=-(-4.31) \\ \\ pOH=4.31 \end{gathered}\)Finally, we can determine the PH of the solution using the relationship between pH and POH, which is:
\(pH+pOH=14\)Putting pOH as 4.31, we have the pH of the solution to be:
\(\begin{gathered} pH+4.31=14 \\ \\ pH=14-4.31 \\ \\ pH=9.69 \end{gathered}\)Thus, the pH of the solution is 9.69.
2. Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
Since the pH of the solution is 9.69, then the solution is basic.
pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base.
Question 3 of 10
In order to test a hypothesis, a scientist needs to:
A. perform an experiment.
B. summarize previously recorded data.
c. have other scientists agree with the hypothesis.
D. develop an educated guess.
Answer:
A- Perform an experiment
Explanation:
Which portion of a molecule of F2O has partial positive charge?
Question 3 options:
A)
The F atoms
B)
The central O atom
C)
The partial charge on each atom is zero
D)
The partial charge on each atom is negative
The partial charges on each fluorine atom are negative. Option B) The central O atom is the correct answer. Option B
The partial charges in a molecule are determined by the electronegativity values of the atoms involved. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. In the case of \(F_2O\), fluorine (F) is more electronegative than oxygen.
Fluorine is the most electronegative element on the periodic table, meaning it has a high ability to attract electrons. Oxygen is also relatively electronegative but less so than fluorine. When fluorine atoms bond with oxygen, the shared electrons will be pulled more towards the fluorine atoms, creating a polar covalent bond.
In \(F_2O\), each fluorine atom will pull the shared electrons towards itself, resulting in a higher electron density around the fluorine atoms. This creates a region of partial negative charge around the fluorine atoms.
Conversely, the oxygen atom will have a region of lower electron density and, therefore, a partial positive charge. This is because the shared electrons spend more time around the fluorine atoms due to their higher electronegativity.
Option B
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Calculate ΔHrxn for the following reaction: Al2O3(s)+3CO(g)→2Al(s)+3CO2(g) Use the following reactions and given ΔH values: 2Al(s)+32O2(g)→Al2O3(s),ΔH CO(g)+12O2(g)→CO2(g),ΔH==−1675.7kJ−282.7kJ
The desired reaction is 2Al(s) + 3CO2 from Al2O3(s) + 3CO(g) (g) The reactions include 2 Al(s), 3/2 O2(g), and Al2O3(s), with H = 1675.7kJ. ————————— (1) CO(g) = CO2 + 1/2 O2(g) (g).
How is H inside a calculated?As a result, the enthalpies of a reactants and products are added together, and the result is used to compute the enthalpy of a reaction. This endothermic process generates and absorbs environmental heat if H is positive. This reaction is exothermic so emits heat into the environment if H is negative.
What is the H heat?A negative H indicates that heat is transferred from the a system towards its surroundings, whereas a positive H indicates that heat is transferred from the surroundings into the system. An enthalpy of reaction (Hrxn) for a chemical reaction is the difference of enthalpy between the products and reactants; Hrxn is measured in kilojoules per mole.
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Which of the following indicates how fast something is moving?
1. gravity
2. force
3. speed
4. inertia
Answer:
Speed.
Explanation:
Gravity pulls objects towards earth's core. Force is the strength applied to something being pulled or pushed. Inertia is for something to stay still. Ruling out all of those, speed is the answer.
Answer:
Speed
Explanation:
Speed tells us how fast something or someone is travelling. You can find the average speed of an object if you know the distance travelled and the time it took. The formula for speed is speed = distance ÷ time.
The volume of a balloon filled with H2 at 275 torr is compressed from 6.40 L to 3.20
Lat a constant temperature.
What is the final pressure (in atm) of the the balloon?
The final pressure of the gas of initial pressure 275 torr is 550 torr.
What is pressure?Pressure is the force acting normally per unit area to the surface of an object
To caluclate the final pressure of the balloon, we use the formula below.
Formula:
P₂ = P₁V₁/V₂.......... Equation 1Where:
P₁ = Initial pressureV₁ = Initial volumeV₂ = Final volumeP₂ = Final pressureFrom the question,
Given:
P₁ = 275 torrV₁ = 6.4 LV₂ = 3.2 LSubstitute these values into equation 1
P₂ = (275×6.4)/3.2P₂ = 550 torrHence, the final pressure is 550 torr.
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What type of bond will magnesium selenide form?
A. A polar covalent bond
B. A covalent bond
C. A nonpolar covalent bond
D. An ionic bond
Answer:
B. a covalent bond.
what are thetypes of luminous flame
Types of luminous flames:
1. Yellow Luminous Flame
2. Smoky Luminous Flame
3. Orange Luminous Flame
4. Blue Luminous Flame
Luminous flames are characterized by their visible glow, which is caused by the incomplete combustion of fuel. The presence of soot particles in the flame causes the emission of light. There are different types of luminous flames, which can be classified based on their fuel composition and burning conditions. Here are some common types of luminous flames:
1. Yellow Luminous Flame: This is the most common type of luminous flame, often seen in open fires, candles, and gas stoves. It appears yellow due to the presence of soot particles in the flame. Yellow flames indicate incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, such as methane, propane, or natural gas. The high carbon content in these fuels leads to the formation of soot, which emits visible light.
2. Smoky Luminous Flame: This type of flame is characterized by a significant amount of black smoke and soot production. It is commonly observed in poorly adjusted or malfunctioning burners or engines. The excessive presence of unburned fuel in the flame results in incomplete combustion and the emission of dark smoke particles.
3. Orange Luminous Flame: An orange flame indicates a higher combustion temperature compared to a yellow flame. It is often seen in more efficient burners or when burning fuels with a higher carbon content, such as oil or diesel. The higher temperature helps in burning more of the carbon particles, reducing the amount of soot and making the flame appear less yellow.
4. Blue Luminous Flame: A blue flame is typically associated with complete combustion. It indicates efficient burning of fuel, resulting in minimal soot formation. Blue flames are commonly observed in gas burners or Bunsen burners. The blue color is a result of the combustion of gases, such as methane, in the presence of sufficient oxygen.
It's important to note that the luminosity of a flame can vary depending on factors such as fuel-air mixture, combustion temperature, and the presence of impurities. Achieving complete combustion and minimizing the production of soot is desirable for efficient and cleaner burning processes.
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Explain the scientific meaning and use of the word "transformation".
Transformation in chemistry is scientifically used to explain the process of changing one compound to another in a chemical reaction.
What is transformation?The word "transformation" has a very special significance in chemistry. We know that in English, to transform would simply imply to change from one form to another. This is not quite far from its meaning in the parlance of chemistry.
The word transformation is normally applied in the area of chemical reactions especially as it has to do with reaction with in organic chemistry. It has to do with the change from one molecule to another and this is of great importance in the discussion of synthetic chemistry.
As such, the word transformation in chemistry is scientifically used to explain the process of changing one compound to another in a chemical reaction.
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The specific heat capacity of silver is 0.24 J/°C ·g.
A) Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of 150.0 g Ag from 273 K to 298 K.
B) Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of 1.0 mole of Ag by 1.08C (called the molar heat capacity of silver).
C. It takes 1.25 kJ of energy to heat a sample of pure silver from 12.08°C to 15.28°C. Calculate the mass of the sample of silver.
Answer:
A) 900 J
B) 27.96 J
C) 1,628 J ≅ 1.63 kJ
Explanation:
The heat absorbed by the metal (silver) - or energy required to heat it - is calculated as:
heat = mass x Cp x ΔT
Where Cp is the heat capacity (0.24 J/°C ·g) and ΔT is the change in temperature (final T - initial T).
A) Given:
mass = 150.0 g
final T = 298 K = 25°C
initial T = 273 K = 0°C
We calculate the energy in J to raise the temperature:
heat = mass x Cp x (final T - initial T)
= 150 .0 g x 0.24 J/°C ·g x (25°C - 0°C )
= 900 J
B) Given:
moles Ag= 1.0 mol
ΔT = 1.08°C
We first calculate the mass of silver (Ag) by multiplying the moles of Ag by the molar mass of Ag (MM = 107.9 g/mol)
mass = moles x MM = 1.0 mol Ag x 107.9 g/mol Ag = 107.9 g
Then, we calculate the heat required:
heat = mass x Cp x ΔT = 107.9 g x 0.24 J/°C ·g x 1.08°C = 27.96 J
C) Given:
heat = 1.25 kJ = 1,250 J
final T = 15.28°C
initial T = 12.08°C
We first calculate the change in temperature:
ΔT = final T - initial T = 15.28°C - 12.08°C = 3.2°C
Then, we calculate the mass of silver:
mass = heat/(Cp x ΔT) = 1,250 J/(0.24 J/°C ·g x 3.2°C) = 1,628 J ≅ 1.63 kJ
Taking into account the definition of calorimetry:
A) the energy required to raise the temperature of 150 g Ag from 273 K to 298 K is 900 J.
B) the energy required to raise the temperature of 1.0 mole of Ag by 1.08 °C is 27.96 J.
C) the mass of the sample of silver is 1627.60 g.
Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.
Sensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change).
So, the expression that allows to calculate heat exchanges is:
Q = c× m× ΔT
where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation.
A)In this case, you know:
c= 0.24 \(\frac{J}{Cg}\)m= 150 gΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial= 298 K - 273 K= 25 K= 25 C Being a temperature difference, it has the same value in ° C and ° K unitsReplacing:
Q= 0.24\(\frac{J}{Cg}\) × 150 g× 25 C
Solving:
Q= 900 J
In summary, the energy required to raise the temperature of 150 g Ag from 273 K to 298 K is 900 J.
B)In this case, you know:
c= 0.24 \(\frac{J}{Cg}\)m= 107.87 grams by definition of molar mass, this is the amount of mass a substance contains in one mole. The molar mass of Ag is 107.87 \(\frac{g}{mole}\)ΔT= 1.08 CReplacing:
Q= 0.24\(\frac{J}{Cg}\) × 107.87 g× 1.08 C
Solving:
Q= 27.96 J
In summary, the energy required to raise the temperature of 1.0 mole of Ag by 1.08 °C is 27.96 J.
C)In this case, you know:
Q= 1.25 kJ= 1250 Jc= 0.24 \(\frac{J}{Cg}\)m= ?ΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial= 15.28 C - 12.08 C= 3.2 CReplacing:
1250 J= 0.24\(\frac{J}{Cg}\) × m× 3.2 C
Solving:
m= 1250 J÷ (0.24\(\frac{J}{Cg}\) × 3.2 C)
m= 1627.6 g
In summary, the mass of the sample of silver is 1627.60 g.
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a. Carbon
b. Cadmium
c. Celenium
d. Chlorine
Answer:
A) Carbon
Explanation:
the others are wrong its A
Answer:
A) carbon
Explanation:
carbon or simply c has an atomic number of 6 and it has an atomic mass of 12.01 amu. it belongs to group 4a
Determine the energy of 1.10 mol of photons for each of the following kinds of light.
infrared radiation (1580 nm )
visible light (520 nm )
ultraviolet radiation (170 nm )
The energy of the photons are;
infrared radiation - 8.3* 10^4 J
visible light - 2.52 * 10^5 J
ultraviolet radiation - 7.72 * 10^5 J
How do we find the energy?The energy of photon could be found by the use of the of the equation;
E = hc/λ * 6.023 * 10^23/1 mole
E = energy of the photon
c = speed of light
λ = wavelength of the photon
Now;
For infrared radiation;
E = 6.6 * 10^-34 * 3 * 10^8/1580 * 10^-9 * 6.023 * 10^23/1 mole * 1.10 mol
E = 8.3* 10^4 J
For visible light;
E = 6.6 * 10^-34 * 3 * 10^8/520 * 10^-9 * 6.023 * 10^23/1 mole * 1.10 mol
E = 2.52 * 10^5 J
For ultraviolet radiation;
E = 6.6 * 10^-34 * 3 * 10^8/170 * 10^-9 * 6.023 * 10^23/1 mole * 1.10 mol
E= 7.72 * 10^5 J
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