The depth of the subbase is 0.72 inches, the base is 0.48 inches, and the Asphalt pavement is 40.2 inches.
Given data:
Design ESAL: 6.4x10⁶
Effective resilient modulus of subgrade (Mᵣ): 15x10³ lb/in²
Effective resilient modulus of sub base (Mᵣ): 17.5x10³ lb/in²
Effective resilient modulus of base (Mᵣ): 27x10³ lb/in²
Elastic modulus of asphalt concrete (Eac) at 68°F: 450,000 lb/in²
The design process involves iterative calculations to determine the appropriate layer thicknesses. Here is a step-by-step procedure:
Determine the structural number (SN) for the given design ESAL:
SN = (ESAL/10⁶) / (Mᵣ × Eac)
= (6.4x10⁶) / (15x10³ × 450,000)
≈ 0.95
Determine the required thicknesses for the different layers using the AASHTO 1993 Design Guide based on the calculated SN value.
For the subbase layer:
The required thickness of the subbase (S) can be determined using the equation:
S=
\(0.1 \times SN \times \frac{M_r}{17.5\times10^3)^{0.15}}\\= 0.1 \times 0.95 \times \frac{(15\times10^3)}{(17.5\times10^3)^{0.15}}\)
≈ 0.06 ft or 0.72 inches
For the base layer:
The required thickness of the base (B) can be determined using the equation:
\(B = 0.1 \times SN \times \frac{M_r}{(27\times10^3)^{0.15}}\\= 0.1 \times 0.95 \times \frac{15\times10^3}{(27\times10^3)^{0.15}}\)
≈ 0.04 ft or 0.48 inches
For the asphalt pavement layer:
The required thickness of the asphalt pavement (A) can be determined using the equation:
A = (SN - S - B) / 0.23
= (0.95 - 0.06 - 0.04) / 0.23
≈ 3.35 ft or 40.2 inches
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Why is it important to understand email netiquette?
Answer:
Email etiquette is important
Explanation:
It is important to understand how to use correct email etiquette because it helps you communicate more clearly. It also makes you seem a bit more professional too. For example depending in who you're emailing like say you're emailing your teacher for help then here's how it'd go:
Dear(teacher name, capitalize, never use first name unless they allow it)
Hello (teacher name), my name is (first and last name) from your (number class) and I was wondering if you could please help me out with (situation, be clear on what you need help with otherwise it won't get through to them)? If you could that would be greatly appreciated!
Sincerely,
(your name first and last)
Store the amount of the minimum loan in min_loan and the amount of the maximum loan in max_loan Then, store the name of the country that received the largest loan in max_country and the smallest loan in min_country Hint: max and min are built in Python functions that you can use to find the minimum value or maximum value in any sequence.
Answer:
See Explanation
Explanation:
The question has missing details;however, I'm able to pick the following points from the question
There's supposed to be a list of loan amountsThere's also supposed to be a list of countries that took loans. This list will correspond to the loan listHaving said that, the question can be solved in two ways.
I prompt the user to enter loan amounts and corresponding country I assume any value for the loan amounts and the countryI'll answer this question using the first method and the solution is as follows (See Comments for line by line explanation):
#This line prompt user for number of countries
n = int(input("Number of countries: "))
#This initializes an empty list for loan amounts
loan_amounts = []
#This initializes an empty list for country
country = []
#The following iteration gets names of countries and their respective loan amounts
for i in range(0,n):
country_name = input("Name of country: ")
loan = int(input("Loan Amount: "))
country.append(country_name)
loan_amounts.append(loan)
#This gets the maximum loan
max_loan = max(loan_amounts)
#This gets the index of the maximum loan
iindex = loan_amounts.index(max_loan)
#This gets the country with the maximum loan
max_country = country[iindex]
#This gets the minimum loan
min_loan = min(loan_amounts)
#This gets the index of the minimum loan
iindex = loan_amounts.index(min_loan)
#This gets the country with the minimum loan
min_country = country[iindex]
#This prints the country with the maximum loan and the loan amount
print(str(max_country)+": "+str(max_loan))
#This prints the country with the minimum loan and the loan amount
print(str(min_country)+": "+str(min_loan))
For the circuit shown in Figure below:
R1 = 10KOmega, R2= 1MOmega,
R3 = 10KOmega, R4 = 10KOmega, R5 = 150KOmega, R6 = 10KOmega. Find Av=Vo/Vi
Answer:
Av = -800
Explanation:
The gain to the output of the first op-amp is ...
A1 = -R2/R1 = -1000/10 = -100
The gain of the voltage divider R3/R4 is ...
A2 = R4/(R3+R4) = 10/(10+10) = 1/2
The gain of the second op-amp circuit from the positive terminal to the output is ...
A3 = 1+ R5/R6 = 1 + 150/10 = 16
Then the total circuit gain is ...
Av = A1×A2×A3 = (-100)(1/2)(16)
Av = -800
_____
Additional comment
In the above, we have assumed ideal op-amps, with infinite gain and infinite input impedance. The resistor values used in the calculations are all Kohms, so we can avoid writing unnecessary zeros.
what will this bashscript give as an output?
It is impossible to guess what the output of the provided bash script will be without first understanding its contents and its goals.
Reviewing the source code of a bash script is required in order to make an accurate prediction regarding the output produced by the script. It is unfortunate that the script itself has not been provided, as a result it is hard to establish how the script will behave or what output it will produce.
Within a Unix or Linux command line environment, bash scripts are utilised for the purpose of automating certain operations. They are able to handle a wide variety of tasks, including the management of systems, processing of data, and manipulation of files, among other things. The output of the script is going to be determined by the particular instructions, functions, and logic that are incorporated into it.
It is not possible to generate an output if you do not have access to the script's source code. If you would be willing to share the details of the bash script with me, I will be able to examine it and give you a more precise response. This would allow me to provide a more complete answer or support.
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What signal propagation phenomena causes the diffusion, or the reflection in multiple different directions, of a signal?
In the radio communication system, multipath is the propagation phenomenon that causes diffusion or reflection in multiple different directions of a signal.
Multipath is a propagation mechanism that impacts the propagation of signals in radio communication. Multipath results in the transmission of data to the receiving antenna by two or more paths. Diffusion and reflection are the causes that create multiple paths for the signal to be delivered.
Diffraction occurs when a signal bends around sharp corners; while reflection occurs when a signal impinges on a smooth object. When a signal is received through more than one path because of the diffraction or reflection, it creates phase shifting and interference of the signal.
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4. Employees are not responsible for thelr own safety whlle at work.
A) O True
B) O False
The statement "Employees are not responsible for their own safety while at work" is false because Employees most certainly are responsible.
What is Occupational safety?A multidisciplinary discipline dealing with the safety, health, and welfare of individuals at work is known as occupational safety and health, often known as occupational health and safety, occupational health, or occupational safety.
An environment that is safe and healthy for workers may minimize injury and sickness expenses, lower levels of absenteeism, boost output and quality, and improve employee morale. In other words, safety benefits the business.
Thus, the statement "Employees are not responsible for their own safety while at work" is false because Employees most certainly are responsible.
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Suppose that a wing component on an aircraft is fabricated from an aluminum alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of 29 MPa (26.39 ksi). It has been determined that fracture results at a stress of 101 MPa (14650 psi) when the maximum internal crack length is 7.5 mm (0.2953 in.). For this same component and alloy, compute the stress level at which fracture will occur for a critical internal crack length of 5 mm (0.1969 in.).
Answer:
123.46 MPa
Explanation:
( Aluminum alloy Plane strain fracture toughness = 29 MPa ( 26.39 ksi )
Fracture results at a stress of 101 MPa ( psi )
maximum internal crack length = 7.5 mm ( 0.2953 in )
Compute the stress level at which fracture will occur for a critical internal crack length of 5 mm ( 0.1969 in )
Y = \(\frac{KI_{c} }{\alpha \sqrt{\pi a} }\)
Y = 29 / 101 √π [( 7.5 * 10^-3 ) / 2]
= 29 / 101 √ 0.01178097245 = 29 / ( 101 * 0.1085 )
= 2.65
hence the stress level at which fracture will occur for a critical internal crack length of 5 mm
∝c = \(\frac{KI_{c} }{y\sqrt{\pi a} }\)
Given; y = 2.65 , KIc = 29, a = ( 5 * 10^-3 ) / 2 = 0.0025
hence ∝c = 29 / 2.65 \(\sqrt{\pi *0.0025}\)
= 29 / 0.2349 ≈ 123.46 MPa
When you press the button on the radio to talk, you should wait at least how many seconds before speaking to avoid cutting off the first words of your transmission?
When using a radio, it is important to wait for a short duration before speaking to avoid cutting off the first words of your transmission. This waiting time is commonly known as "transmitting time" or "key-up time."
The recommended duration to wait before speaking is usually around 1 to 2 seconds. This allows the radio system to establish a connection and for any signal delays to settle before transmitting your voice.
By waiting for this brief period, you ensure that your entire message is transmitted clearly without any parts being cut off. It is a good practice to give a moment of silence before starting to speak on the radio to ensure effective communication.
Remember, clear and concise transmissions are crucial for effective communication over a radio system.
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why does the voltage fall from a certain point where the maximum voltage reached?
Answer:
closer the voltage gets to its peak
Explanation:
The closer the voltage gets to its peak, the slower it changes, meaning less current has to flow. When the voltage reaches a peak at point b, the capacitor is fully charged and the current is momentarily zero. Step 2 - After reaching a peak, the voltage starts dropping.
The voltage falls from a certain point where the maximum voltage is reached due to high resistance in the electrical wiring or connectors.
What is voltage?Charged electrons (current) are pushed through a conducting loop by the pressure of the power source in an electrical circuit, allowing them to perform tasks like lighting a lamp.
Less current must flow since the voltage fluctuates more slowly as it approaches its peak. The capacitor is fully charged, and the current is briefly zero when the voltage hits a peak at the point. Another reason for it can be a circuit component that is broken
Therefore, if the voltage drop is more than the parameter's upper limit, there is a fault in the circuit. High resistance in the electrical wires or connectors is the cause of this issue.
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14. The top plate of the bearing partition
I
a. laps the plate of the exterior wall.
b. is a single member.
c. butts the top plate of the exterior wall.
d. is applied after the ceiling joists are
installed.
Answer:
d. is applied after the ceiling joists are
installed.
which type of energy transformed into thermal energy in a toaster
Answer:
Electrical energy
A ? provides a connection to a stationary circuit by riding against a rotating component.a. brushb. drum switchc. pigtaild. 3-pole rheostat
The correct answer is: a. brush
Your question is about identifying the component that provides a connection to a stationary circuit by riding against a rotating component. The correct answer is: a. brush
A brush is an electrical component used in various devices, like motors and generators, to maintain electrical contact with a rotating part. It ensures that the electrical current is transferred efficiently and consistently between the stationary circuit and the rotating component. Brushes are typically made of carbon or graphite, materials that have good electrical conductivity and can withstand friction from the rotating part. This helps in minimizing wear and tear while providing a stable connection.
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Explain why a hydraulic system would fail to be the best choice in the following scenario.
Henry is an engineer at Verizon. He is developing a tool that can burrow underground and shoot wires up to 50 feet along the yards of individual
houses. The tool needs to create the least amount of ground disturbance possible. He has decided to design a device that uses a hydraulic power
system
Answer:
The correct answer is that a hydraulic power system is used for large amounts of force.
Explanation:
A pneumatic power system would be much more effective at focusing on a specific area. One person would be able to hold a pneumatic system, as the design can be made small. It can even be designed with a simple on/off switch.
The hydraulic system would fail because hydraulic power system is used for large amounts of force.
What is the hydraulic system?Energy or signals are transported through the static or dynamic forces of liquids in hydraulic power transmission systems. These fluid power systems are a subset of them. The two types of fluid power are hydraulics and pneumatics. The valves aid in controlling the liquid's flow and relieving pressure when necessary.
Pumps are used in hydraulic systems to force hydraulic fluid through the system and generate fluid power. The fluid flows to the cylinder, where the hydraulic energy is converted back into mechanical energy, after passing through the valves.
Therefore, Due to the hydraulic system's need for high levels of force, it would malfunction.
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Consider a condenser in which steam at a specified temperature is condensed by rejecting heat to the cooling water. If the heat transfer rate in the condenser and the temperature rise of the cooling water is known, explain how the rate of condensation of the steam and the mass flow rate of the cooling water can be determined. Also, explain how the total thermal resistance R of this condenser can be evaluated in this case.
Answer:
Q = [ mCp ( ΔT) ] \(_{cooling water }\)
(ΔT)\(_{cooling water}\) and Q is given
\(m_{cooling water}\) = \(\frac{Q}{Cp[ T_{out} - T_{in} ] }\)
next the rate of condensation of the steam
Q = [ m\(h_{fg}\) ]\(_{steam}\)
\(m_{steam} = \frac{Q}{h_{fg} }\)
Total resistance of the condenser is
R = \(\frac{Q}{change in T_{cooling water } }\)
Explanation:
How will the rate of condensation of the steam and the mass flow rate of the cooling water can be determined
Q = [ mCp ( ΔT) ] \(_{cooling water }\)
(ΔT)\(_{cooling water}\) and Q is given
\(m_{cooling water}\) = \(\frac{Q}{Cp[ T_{out} - T_{in} ] }\)
next the rate of condensation of the steam
Q = [ m\(h_{fg}\) ]\(_{steam}\)
\(m_{steam} = \frac{Q}{h_{fg} }\)
Total resistance of the condenser is
R = \(\frac{Q}{change in T_{cooling water } }\)
7.13 An intersection approach has a saturation flow rate of 1500 veh/h, and vehicles arrive at the approach at the rate of 800 veh/h. The approach is controlled by a pretimed signal with a cycle length of 60 seconds and D/D/1 queuing holds. Local standards dictate that signals should be set such that all approach queues dissipate 10 seconds before the end of the effective green portion of the cycle. Assuming that approach capacity exceeds arrivals, determine the maximum length
Answer:
23.34 seconds
Explanation:
Flow rate = 1500
Arrival = 800 vehicle per hour
Cycle c = 60 seconds
Dissipation time = 10 seconds
Arrival time = 800/3600 = 0.2222
Rate of departure = 1500/3600 = 0.4167
Traffic density p = 0.2222/0.4167 = 0.5332
Real time = r
r + to + 10 = c
to = c-r-10 ----1
t0 = p*r/1-p ----2
Equate both 1 and 2
C-r-10 = p*r/1-p
60-r-10 = 0.5332r/1-0.5332
50-r = 0.5332r/0.4668
50-r = 1.1422r
50 = 1.1422r + r
50 = 2.1422r
r = 50/2.1422
r = 23.34 seconds
If the probability of a bit error is p, what is the probability of a single, double, and triple error in a 10-bit word? Express it in terms of p.
Answer:
single bit error: 10pdouble bit error: 45p²triple bit error: 120p³Explanation:
The probability of n bits being in error is 10Cn × p^n, where ...
10Cn = 10!/(n!(10-n!))
10C1 = 10
10C2 = 45
10C3 = 120
This is the product of the probability that n bits can be in error and the number of ways that n bits can be chosen from the 10 in the word.
n = 1: 10p
n = 2: 45p²
n = 3: 120p³
Explain any five applications of computer modeling in beams.
Answer:
Explain any five applications of computer modeling in beams.
Explanation:
An elevation is.... * 10 points a. A detailed description of requirements, composition and materials for a proposed building. b. A view of a building seen from one side, a flat representation of one façade. This is the most common view used to describe the external appearance of a building. c. The development of the last remaining lots in an existing developed area, the new development within an area already served by existing infrastructure and services, or the reuse of already developed, but vacant properties. d. The practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction.
Answer:
b. A view of a building seen from one side, a flat representation of one façade. This is the most common view used to describe the external appearance of a building.
Explanation:
An elevation is a three-dimensional, orthographic, architectural projection that reveals just a side of the building. It is represented with diagrams and shadows are used to create the effect of a three-dimensional image.
It reveals the position of the building from ground-depth and only the outer parts of the structure are illustrated. Elevations, building plans, and section drawings are always drawn together by the architects.
In the context of information privacy, which of the following is true of spam?
a. It is solicited e-mail sent for business purposes.
b. It can only be send to a small number of people.
c. It is sent in bulk using automated mailing software.
d. It can only be used to provide access to legitimate e-mails.
In the context of information privacy, spam refers to unsolicited commercial e-mail that is sent in bulk to a large number of recipients. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
Spam is typically sent using automated mailing software, which allows spammers to send large volumes of e-mails quickly and easily. The content of spam e-mails can vary widely, but it is typically advertising or promotional in nature, and often includes links to websites or products that the sender is trying to promote.
Spam is generally considered to be a nuisance and a potential privacy threat because it can be used to spread malware, phishing scams, and other types of malicious content. Additionally, the indiscriminate nature of spam means that it can easily clog up e-mail inboxes and make it difficult for users to find and respond to legitimate messages.
Overall, it is important for individuals and organizations to take steps to protect their privacy and security online, including implementing spam filters and other tools designed to block unwanted e-mails.
In the context of information privacy, spam refers to unsolicited commercial e-mail that is sent in bulk to a large number of recipients. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
Spam is typically sent using automated mailing software, which allows spammers to send large volumes of e-mails quickly and easily. The content of spam e-mails can vary widely, but it is typically advertising or promotional in nature, and often includes links to websites or products that the sender is trying to promote.
Spam is generally considered to be a nuisance and a potential privacy threat because it can be used to spread malware, phishing scams, and other types of malicious content. Additionally, the indiscriminate nature of spam means that it can easily clog up e-mail inboxes and make it difficult for users to find and respond to legitimate messages.
Overall, it is important for individuals and organizations to take steps to protect their privacy and security online, including implementing spam filters and other tools designed to block unwanted e-mails.
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10.46 A 65-kVA load with a lagging power factor is combined with a 25-kVA synchronous motor load which operates at pf = 0.60 leading. Find the power factor of the 65-kVA load, if the overall power factor is 0.85 lagging. ??? Ans. 0.585 lagging
Answer:
Read Below
Explanation:
Apparent power (volt-amperes) is the trigonometric sum of Real power (watts) and reactive power (volt-amperes reactive - VARs). Stated mathematically: VA squared = watts squared plus VARs squared
similarly, power factor, the ratio of real power to apparent power, is the cosine of the angle between the real power leg and apparent power hypotenuse of a right triangle (Reactive power being the other leg).
Just use these relationships and a bit of high school trigonometry and you can calculate the apparent power and power factor for the system you are describing.
Hopes this Helps :D
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The power factor of the 65-kVA load, if the overall power factor is 0.85 lagging is 0.585 lagging.
What is Apparent energy?
Apparent energy (volt-amperes) is the trigonometric sum of Real energy (watts) and reactive energy (volt-amperes reactive - VARs). Stated mathematically: VA squared = watts squared plus VARS squared similarly, energy component, the ratio of actual energy to obvious energy, is the cosine of the perspective among the actual energy leg and obvious energy hypotenuse of a proper triangle (Reactive energy being the opposite leg).
Just use those relationships and a chunk of excessive college trigonometry and you may calculate the obvious energy and energy component for the machine you're describing.
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normally counters are retentive. this means that if your accumulated count is up to 300 and power to your system is lost, when power is restored the a
The correct answer is when retentive power is restored the accumulated count will be 300.
PLC counters are normally retentive; that is, whatever count was contained in the counter at the time of a proces- sor shutdown will be restored to the counter on power-up. The counter may be reset, however, if the reset condition is activated at the time of power restoration.A counter instruction is an input instruction. A counter's input signal can come from an external device such as a sensor. Up and down counters may be programmed together to count up and down. Counters can count past their preset values.
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how is perpendicular parking similar to making a right turn?
Perpendicular parking is similar to making a right turn in that both involve the process of turning the vehicle 90 degrees to the right.
Perpendicular parking is also referred to as 90-degree parking. To park a vehicle perpendicular, the driver approaches the parking area from the side and then turns the steering wheel to the right until the vehicle is at a 90-degree angle to the road. This method requires the driver to keep a safe distance from other parked vehicles. Like making a right turn, perpendicular parking is a basic driving skill that every driver should learn before taking to the road.
This type of parking is often used in parking garages, mall parking lots, and other parking lots with limited space. As such, mastering the technique of perpendicular parking is essential for any driver who wants to become a competent and safe driver.
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the most notable aspect in managing C/N for downlink designs is
Answer:
Explanation:
In satellite communications, downlink is the establishment of a communications link from an orbiting satellite down to one or more ground stations on Earth. Contrast with uplink.
Which option identifies the section of a project charter represented in the following scenario?
Updated POS terminals will be available to the following five departments by July 31, 2015.
O project assumptions
O project deliverables
O project constraints
O project requirements
Which of the following power tools has a revolving vertical shaft and a cutter? *
1 point
a) saber saw
b) router
c) miter saw
d) circular saw
The tool that has a revolving vertical shaft and a cutter is a router. The correct option is b.
What are power tools?There are many different kinds of power tools, including portable power tools like a circular saw, heat guns, and wall chasers as well as electrical power tools like impact wrenches, lathes, power drills, power ratchet sets, and power saws.
Power tools including circular saws, jigsaws, drills, hammer drills, sanders, grinders, routers, and many others reduce labor and time requirements. The requirement for knowledge of the risks that power tools provide if used improperly is raised due to their rising use.
A power tool called a router has a flat base and a spinning blade that protrudes beyond the base. An electric motor or a pneumatic motor can drive the spindle.
Therefore, the correct option is b) router.
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Find the first five terms of the sequence defined by an=6an-1
Answer:
The first five terms of the given geometric sequence are
8,40,200,1000,5000
Explanation:
:)
Determine the resistance of 3km of copper having a diameter of 0,65mm if the resistivity of copper is 1,7x10^8
Answer:
Resistance of copper = 1.54 * 10^18 Ohms
Explanation:
Given the following data;
Length of copper, L = 3 kilometers to meters = 3 * 1000 = 3000 m
Resistivity, P = 1.7 * 10^8 Ωm
Diameter = 0.65 millimeters to meters = 0.65/1000 = 0.00065 m
\( Radius, r = \frac {diameter}{2} \)
\( Radius = \frac {0.00065}{2} \)
Radius = 0.000325 m
To find the resistance;
Mathematically, resistance is given by the formula;
\( Resistance = P \frac {L}{A} \)
Where;
P is the resistivity of the material. L is the length of the material.A is the cross-sectional area of the material.First of all, we would find the cross-sectional area of copper.
Area of circle = πr²
Substituting into the equation, we have;
Area = 3.142 * (0.000325)²
Area = 3.142 * 1.05625 × 10^-7
Area = 3.32 × 10^-7 m²
Now, to find the resistance of copper;
\( Resistance = 1.7 * 10^{8} \frac {3000}{3.32 * 10^{-7}} \)
\( Resistance = 1.7 * 10^{8} * 903614.46 \)
Resistance = 1.54 * 10^18 Ohms
Which of the following is true about silicosis?
A. The damage it causes can be reversed
B. It is not a serious concern for construction workers
C. It causes only minor damage to the lungs
D. The damage it causes is irreversible
Answer:
D. The damage it causes is irreversible
Explanation:
Silicosis is a long term lung disease caused by crystalline silica dust inhalation. There is no cure, and once the damage is done it cannot be reversed.
------------------
Like stated above, the damage is irreversible. Option A is incorrect.
Construction workers are constantly moving to build whatever they're working on. The disease will make it hard to breathe and will have a heavy effect on their lungs, preventing them from properly doing their jobs. Additionally, it's possible to get the disease from this job since you're constantly inhaling dust particles.
Silicosis does major damage to the lungs. The dust particles are attacked by the immune system which causes inflammation and eventually leads to areas of hardened and scarred lung tissue.
Thus, the best option is D.
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When a tractor is driving on a road, it must have a SMV sign prominently displayed.
True
False
Answer: true
Explanation:
What is the meaning of beauty and completeness? In relation to these what are the attributes a Muslim should adopt?
ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇᴛᴇɴᴇꜱꜱ ᴍᴇᴀɴꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴏꜰ ʙᴇɪɴɢ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇᴛᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇɴᴛɪʀᴇ; ʜᴀᴠɪɴɢ ᴇᴠᴇʀʏᴛʜɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪꜱ ɴᴇᴇᴅᴇᴅ.
ʙᴇᴀᴜᴛʏ ᴍᴇᴀɴꜱ combination of qualities, such as shape, colour, or form, that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight.