22. Which of the following actions is necessary to be considered in responsible charge of professional engineering work?
(a) Be physically present when the work is being performed or through the use of communication devices be available in a reasonable period of time.
(b) Review and approve proposed decisions prior to their implementation.
(c) Retain independent control and direction of the investigation or design of engineering work.
(d) All of the above.

Answer:

Get ready and comfortable.

List all of the tasks you need to accomplish over the next week. .

Next schedule everything.

Get a planner/calender.

Cut those tasks that do not fit into your

Answer: 0

Explanation: i need to add it up to get what u want

It is extremely simple to determine the centroid of a form like a circle or square.The intersection of a triangle's three medians is where the triangle's centroid is found.

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The fact that Eli plans to set up a recycling program made him choose D. The material he chose is renewable and is much better for the environment.

It should be noted that recycling simply means the process of collecting and processing materials that can be turned into another product.

Therefore, the material he chose is renewable and is much better for the environment and thus influenced his decision.

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Answer:

- weather refers to short-term changes in the atmosphere

- climate describes what the weather is like over a long period of time in one area.

Answer:

laptop printer scanner data

Polymers is the referred to the class of material which is generally considered to be the weakest at room temperature, offering the lowest elastic moduli and tensile strengths and is denoted as option B.

This refers to a type of compound which are long chained and are formed from smaller repeating chemical units known as monomers through the process which is referred to as polymerization

They are usually in the form of plastics or resins and have features such as lowest elastic moduli and tensile strengths thereby making it the most appropriate choice.

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The options incliude:

A.Metal

B.Polymer

C.Ceramics

D.Composites

Answer:

Perspective view drawing.

Answer:

The answer is VN =37.416 m/s

Explanation:

Recall that:

Pressure (atmospheric) = 100 kPa

So. we solve for the maximum velocity (m/s) to which water can be accelerated by the nozzles

Now,

Pabs =Patm + Pgauge = 800 KN/m²

Thus

PT/9.81 + VT²/2g =PN/9.81  + VN²/2g

Here

Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s

800/9.81 + 0

= 100/9.81 + VN²/19.62

Here,

9.81 * 2= 19.62

Thus,

VN²/19.62 = 700/9.81

So,

VN² =1400

VN =37.416 m/s

Note: (800 - 100) = 700

Answer:

\(V2 = 37.417ms^{-1}\)

Explanation:

Given the following data;

Water enters the turbine nozzles (inlet) = 800kPa = 800000pa.

Nozzle outlets = 100kPa = 100000pa.

Density of water = 1000kg/m³.

We would apply, the Bernoulli equation between the inlet and outlet;

\(\frac{P_{1} }{d}+\frac{V1^{2} }{2} +gz_{1} = \frac{P_{2} }{d}+\frac{V2^{2} }{2} +gz_{2}\)

Where, V1 is approximately equal to zero(0).

Z\(z_{1} = z_{2}\)

Therefore, to find the maximum velocity, V2;

\(V2 = \sqrt{2(\frac{P_{1} }{d}-\frac{P_{2} }{d}) }\)

\(V2 = \sqrt{2(\frac{800000}{1000}-\frac{100000}{1000}) }\)

\(V2 = \sqrt{2(800-100)}\)

\(V2 = \sqrt{2(700)}\)

\(V2 = \sqrt{1400}\)

\(V2 = 37.417ms^{-1}\)

Hence, the maximum velocity, V2 is 37.417m/s

Answer:

a) specific work output of the actual turbine is 73.14 Btu/lbm

b) the amount of specific entropy generation during the irreversible process is 0.050416 Btu/lbm°R

c) Isentropic efficiency of the turbine is  70.76%

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

For an adiabatic turbine; heat loss Q = 0

For Initial State;

p₁ = 120 psia

T₁ = 500°F = 959.67°R

from table; { Gas Properties of Air }

At T₁ = 959.67°R

\(s_1^0\) = 0.74102 Btu/lbm°R

\(h_1\) = 230.98 Btu/lbm

For Finial state;

p₂ = 15 psia

T₂ = 200°F = 659.67°R

\(s^0_{2a\) = 0.64889 Btu/lbm°R

\(h_{2a\) = 157.84 Btu/lbm

we know that R for air is 0.06855 Btu/lbm.R

a)

The specific work output of the actual turbine Wₐ is;

W\(_a\) = \(h_1\)  - \(h_{2a\)

we substitute

W\(_a\) = 230.98 - 157.84

W\(_a\) = 73.14 Btu/lbm

Therefore, specific work output of the actual turbine is 73.14 Btu/lbm

b)

amount of specific entropy generation during the irreversible process.

To determine the entropy generation \(S_{gen\);

\(S_{gen\) = ΔS = \(s_{2a\) - \(s_1\) =  \(s^0_{2a\)  - \(s_1^0\) - R ln(\(\frac{p_2}{p_1}\))

we substitute in our values

\(S_{gen\) = 0.64889 - 0.74102 - 0.06855 ln(\(\frac{15}{120}\))

\(S_{gen\) = 0.64889 - 0.74102 + 0.1425457

\(S_{gen\) = 0.050416 Btu/lbm°R

Therefore, the amount of specific entropy generation during the irreversible process is 0.050416 Btu/lbm°R

c)

Isentropic efficiency of turbine η\(_{is\)

η\(_{is\) = {actual work output] / [ ideal work output ] = (\(h_1\)  - \(h_{2a\) ) / ( \(h_1\)  - \(h_{2s\) )

Now, for an ideal turbine;

ΔS = 0 = \(s_{2s\) - \(s_1\)

so, \(s_{2s\) - s₁  = \(s^0_{2s\) - \(s_1^0\) - R ln(\(\frac{p_2}{p_1}\))

0 =  \(s^0_{2s\) - \(s_1^0\) - R ln(\(\frac{p_2}{p_1}\))

\(s^0_{2s\)  = \(s_1^0\) + R ln(\(\frac{p_2}{p_1}\))

we substitute

\(s^0_{2s\)  = 0.74102 + 0.06855 ln(\(\frac{15}{120}\))

\(s^0_{2s\)  = 0.74102 - 0.1425457

\(s^0_{2s\)  = 0.59847 Btu/lbm°R

Now, from table; { Gas Properties of Air }

At \(s^0_{2s\)  = 0.59847 Btu/lbm°R; \(h_{2s\)  = 127.614 Btu/lbm

η\(_{is\)  = [( \(h_1\)  - \(h_{2a\) ) / ( \(h_1\)  - \(h_{2s\)  )] × 100%

we substitute

η\(_{is\)  = [( 230.98 - 157.84 ) / ( 230.98 - 127.614 )] × 100%

η\(_{is\)  = [ 73.14 / 103.366] × 100%

η\(_{is\)  = 0.70758 × 100%

η\(_{is\)  = 70.76%

Therefore, Isentropic efficiency of the turbine is  70.76%

Fatigue failure is a type of failure that occurs in materials subjected to repeated cyclic loading or stress over a period of time. It is characterized by distinct features both at the microscopic and macroscopic level.

Macroscopic Evidence:

Beach Marks: Fatigue failure often exhibits a series of concentric circles or curved lines called beach marks. These marks are formed due to the initiation and propagation of cracks during each loading cycle. They appear as distinct lines on the fractured surface and are indicative of the progressive nature of fatigue failure.

Crack Propagation: Fatigue failures typically exhibit a crack propagation pattern. The crack initiates at a localized point on the surface and then propagates gradually, creating a visible path. The crack growth direction may vary depending on the material and loading conditions, but it generally follows the direction of the applied stress.

Microscopic Evidence:

Microcracks: Under a microscope, fatigue failures show the presence of microcracks. These cracks are small and may appear as fine lines or discontinuities on the fractured surface. They are often perpendicular to the loading direction and represent the early stages of crack formation.

Grain Boundary Damage: Fatigue failure can cause damage to the grain boundaries of the material. Grain boundary cracking and separation can be observed, indicating the progression of fatigue damage at the microstructural level.

Fatigue Striations: Fatigue striations are fine lines or ridges that can be observed under high magnification. These striations result from the cyclic propagation of cracks and represent the individual crack growth increments during each loading cycle. They appear as repeating patterns along the crack path and provide evidence of fatigue crack growth.

Overall, the characteristic appearance of a fatigue failure includes beach marks, crack propagation patterns, microcracks, grain boundary damage, and fatigue striations. These features collectively indicate the repetitive loading and gradual progression of cracks, leading to the ultimate failure of the material.

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Answer:

\(y' = \frac{sec(x)}{3}[sin(3x) tan(x) + 3cos(3x)]\)

Explanation:

Given

\(\frac{sin3x\ secx}{3}\)

Required

The quotient rule

Quotient rule states that:

\(y' = \frac{V\frac{du}{dx} - U\frac{dv}{dx}}{v^2}\)

Where

\(v = 3\) and \(\frac{dv}{dx} = 0\)

\(u = sin3x\ secx\)

\(\frac{du}{dx}\) using product rule is:

\(\frac{du}{dx} = sin3x * \frac{d[secx]}{dx} + secx * \frac{d[sin3x]}{dx}\)

Differentiate all:

\(\frac{du}{dx} = sin(3x) sec(x) tan(x) + 3sec(x)cos(3x)\)

Factorize:

\(\frac{du}{dx} = sec(x)[sin(3x) tan(x) + 3cos(3x)]\)

So, the rule:

\(y' = \frac{V\frac{du}{dx} - U\frac{dv}{dx}}{v^2}\) becomes

\(y' = \frac{3[sec(x)[sin(3x) tan(x) + 3cos(3x)]] - [sin3x\ secx] * 0}{3^2}\)

Solving further:

\(y' = \frac{3[sec(x)[sin(3x) tan(x) + 3cos(3x)]]}{9}\)

\(y' = \frac{sec(x)[sin(3x) tan(x) + 3cos(3x)]}{3}\)

\(y' = \frac{sec(x)}{3}[sin(3x) tan(x) + 3cos(3x)]\)

Answer:

Recycling reduces waste sent to landfills and incinerators.

Recycling prevents pollution.

Recycling conserves natural resources.

Recycling conserves energy.

Recycling creates jobs, producing economic benefits.

:-P~♥~

Using the knowledge in computational language in python it is possible to write a code that output the number of characters excluding the three characters commonly used for end-of-sentence punctuation.

   import re

   def check_sentence(text):

     result = re.search(r"^[A-Z][A-Za-z\s]*[\.\?!]$", text)

     return result != None

   print(check_sentence("Is this is a sentence?")) # True

   print(check_sentence("is this is a sentence?")) # False

   print(check_sentence("Hello")) # False

   print(check_sentence("1-2-3-GO!")) # False

   print(check_sentence("A star is born.")) # True

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Answer:

They protect the entire hand from abrasion and punctures, and are a dependable, comfortable glove for a wide variety of jobs. Drivers' gloves are available in various types of leathers and can be unlined or lined for cold weather. Leather palm gloves provide maximum protection against abrasive and puncture hazards.

Gloves with leather palms offer the best defense against abrasive and puncture risks. They have leather palms and fingers and are constructed of dependable cotton or canvas.

Abrasive is defined as a substance, sometimes a mineral, used to shape or polish a product by rubbing, which causes some of the workpiece to be removed due to friction. Abrasives are a particular kind of extremely hard material that are utilized in a variety of residential, industrial, and technological applications. A portion of the work piece is worn away when the abrasive is rubbed against it.

These leather gloves each offer particular levels of comfort, protection, and durability. Some of these leather gloves are suitable for use by those handling dangerous chemicals and sparks. Some can provide cut protection to an extreme degree. For workers who handle heat and water, certain types of leather gloves are recommended.

Thus, gloves with leather palms offer the best defense against abrasive and puncture risks. They have leather palms and fingers and are constructed of dependable cotton or canvas.

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Answer:

70%

Explanation:

a)Velocity is zero at t=3.535s and t=1.131s.

b) the total distance travelled by particle is 13.888 ft.

The displacement that an object or particle experiences with respect to time is expressed vectorially as velocity. The meter per second (m/s) is the accepted unit of velocity magnitude (also known as speed). Alternately, the magnitude of velocity can be expressed in centimeters per second (cm/s).

Velocity can be defined as the rate at which something moves in a specific direction. as the speed of a car driving north on a highway or the pace at which a rocket takes off.

The different forms of velocities are uniform velocity, variable velocity, average velocity and instantaneous velocity.

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The critical buckling load of the W8x24 column section is approximately 88.48 kip. To calculate the critical buckling load of a column section, we can use Euler's buckling formula.

Euler's formula provides an estimate of the critical load at which a column will buckle under an axial compressive load.

Euler's buckling formula is given by:

P_critical = (π^2 * E * I) / (l_effective)^2

Where:

P_critical is the critical buckling load

E is the modulus of elasticity of the material

I is the moment of inertia of the column section

l_effective is the effective length of the column

In this case, we have the following information:

Column section: W8x24

Length (l): 14 ft. (converted to inches: l = 14 * 12 = 168 inches)

Modulus of elasticity (E): 29,000 ksi

Yield stress: 50 ksi

To calculate the moment of inertia (I) for the W8x24 section, we can refer to standard reference tables or use the following data:

I = (b * h^3) / 12

Where:

b is the width of the section

h is the height of the section

For the W8x24 section, the dimensions are as follows:

b = 8 inches

h = 7.99 inches

Plugging in these values, we can calculate the moment of inertia:

I = (8 * 7.99^3) / 12 = 256.67 in^4

Now, we can calculate the effective length (l_effective) of the column. The effective length depends on the support conditions of the column. For simplicity, let's assume it is a pin-ended column, where the effective length is equal to the actual length (l).

l_effective = l = 168 inches

Finally, we can calculate the critical buckling load (P_critical) using Euler's buckling formula:

P_critical = (π^2 * E * I) / (l_effective)^2

          = (π^2 * 29000 * 256.67) / (168^2)

          ≈ 88.48 kip

Therefore, the critical buckling load of the W8x24 column section is approximately 88.48 kip.

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Answer:

Not seeing any other information, the best answer I can give is 2m.

Explanation:

M = magnitude

You see, if they have an equal charge, and you add them, it'd be 2 * m, or 2m.

Pattern is melted out for recycling before pouring is called the lost-wax casting.

In the manufacturing process known as casting, a liquid substance is often poured into a mold that has a hollow chamber in the desired shape before being left to solidify. Casting is another name for the solidified component that is released from the mold at the end of the process. By pouring molten metal into a mold, allowing it to solidify, and then cooling it to room temperature, the casting process is a manufacturing technique that creates metal pieces in the required shape. No matter how big the parts are, it can produce intricate and complex parts. Expendable and non-expendable casting are the two basic categories into which the modern casting process is split. The mold material—such as sand or metal—and the pouring technique—such as gravity, vacuum—further break it down.

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Answer:

5 rad/sec

0.796 Hz

1.256 seconds

Explanation:

Y(t) = 23sin5t ----1

Y(t) = aSin(w)t----2

w = 5 rad/sec

Then we get the Oscillation frequency from the formula below

w = 2πf

We make f to be the subject of this formula

f = w/2π

f = 5/2*3.24

f = 5/6.28

f = 0.796Hz

From the calculated frequency, we get the period = 1/f

= 1/0.796

= 1.256 seconds

The provided C implementation includes two functions: String_subString and String_Erase. The String_subString function creates a new String object that contains a specified substring from the original string. On the other hand, the String_Erase function modifies the original String object by removing a specified sequence of characters.

Here's an implementation of the two functions in C:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

struct _String {

   char *pData;

   uint32_t length;

};

typedef struct _String String;

String* String_subString(const String* const pSrc, uint32_t startIdx, uint32_t length) {

   if (pSrc == NULL || startIdx + length > pSrc->length) {

       return NULL; // Invalid input or out-of-bounds error

   }

   String* pSubString = (String*)malloc(sizeof(String));

   if (pSubString == NULL) {

       return NULL; // Memory allocation failed

   }

   pSubString->pData = (char*)malloc((length + 1) * sizeof(char));

   if (pSubString->pData == NULL) {

       free(pSubString);

       return NULL; // Memory allocation failed

   }

   strncpy(pSubString->pData, pSrc->pData + startIdx, length);

   pSubString->pData[length] = '\0'; // Add null-terminator

   pSubString->length = length;

   return pSubString;

}

String* String_Erase(String* const pSrc, uint32_t startIdx, uint32_t length) {

   if (pSrc == NULL || startIdx + length > pSrc->length) {

       return NULL; // Invalid input or out-of-bounds error

   }

   memmove(pSrc->pData + startIdx, pSrc->pData + startIdx + length, pSrc->length - startIdx - length + 1);

   pSrc->length -= length;

   return pSrc;

}

int main() {

   String* pString = (String*)malloc(sizeof(String));

   pString->length = 10;

   pString->pData = (char*)malloc((pString->length + 1) * sizeof(char));

   strncpy(pString->pData, "Hello World", pString->length);

   pString->pData[pString->length] = '\0';

   printf("Original String: %s\n", pString->pData);

   // Testing String_subString

   String* pSubString = String_subString(pString, 6, 5);

   if (pSubString != NULL) {

       printf("Substring: %s\n", pSubString->pData);

       free(pSubString->pData);

       free(pSubString);

   }

   // Testing String_Erase

   String* pModifiedString = String_Erase(pString, 6, 5);

   if (pModifiedString != NULL) {

       printf("Modified String: %s\n", pModifiedString->pData);

       free(pModifiedString->pData);

       free(pModifiedString);

   }

   free(pString->pData);

   free(pString);

   return 0;

}

The String_subString function takes a pSrc pointer to the original String object and creates a new String object containing the specified substring. It performs error checking for invalid input or out-of-bounds conditions. Memory is dynamically allocated for the new substring and then copied from the original string using strncpy. Finally, the new string is null-terminated, and the length is set accordingly.

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Address Byte Address (hexadecimal) Sections in address space

Last Flash Address FFFF Flash Memory

First Flash Address C000 Flash Memory

Last RAM address 03FF RAM Memory

First RAM address 0200 RAM Memory

Last I/O address (16-bit per.) 01FF I/O address space

First I/O address (16-bit per.) 0100 I/O address space

Last I/O address (8-bit per.) 00FF I/O address space

First I/O address (8-bit per.) 0000 I/O address space

Maximum stack size is 1792 bytes.

Initial value of SP should be 0x025E.

PUSH R9: SP is decremented by 2, and the value in R9 is stored at the new SP address.

POP R9: The value at the current SP address is loaded into R9, and SP is incremented by 2.

The MSP430F20x microcontroller has 2,048 Bytes of RAM memory available, starting at the address 0x0200 in the address space. This RAM memory can be used for storing program variables, data, and stack operations. The RAM memory is divided into multiple segments, including general-purpose registers, stack memory, and system registers. The starting address of the RAM memory is important to know when programming the microcontroller and accessing its memory.

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Effective communication is essential for engineers in South Africa as it plays a critical role in ensuring that projects are completed successfully.

Engineers must be able to communicate technical information accurately and concisely to stakeholders, including clients, colleagues, and contractors.

Poor communication can lead to misunderstandings, delays, and mistakes that can compromise the safety and quality of a project. Effective communication also helps to build trust and collaboration within teams and fosters a positive relationship with clients.

Therefore, engineers in South Africa need to have strong communication skills to ensure successful project outcomes and professional success.

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Answer:

C) a winding connected in series with the armature.

Explanation:

In a series motor, an electromagnet is used as a stator to generate its magnetic field. The field coil of this stator are connected through a commutator in series with the rotor windings. This stator which is the armature windings will conduct AC even on a DC machine, due to the  periodically reverses current direction (commutation) or due to electronic commutation (as in brushless DC motors).

Answer: 255

255 turns are required to create 25 ohms of  secondary impedance.

Explanation:

Given that,

Number of turns in primary wire N₁ = 900

impedance on Primary wire Z₁ = 400 ohms

Number of turns in Secondary wire N₂ = ?

impedance on Secondary wire Z₂ = 25 ohms

we know that, the relationship between turn and impedance is

Zp / Zs = ( Np / Ns )²

(Primary impedance / secondary impedance) = Number of turns in primary wire / Number of turns in secondary wire)²

there fore

Z₁ / Z₂ = ( N₁ / N₂ )²

Now we substitute

( 400 / 25 ) = ( 900 / N₂ )²

400 / 25 = 900² / N₂²

we cross multiple to get our N₂

400 × N₂² =  900² × 25

N₂² = ( 900² × 25 ) / 400

N₂² = ( 810000 × 25 ) / 400

N₂² = 20250000 / 400

N₂² = 50625

N₂ = √50625

N₂ = 225

Therefore 255 turns are required to create 25 ohms of  secondary impedance.

Explanation:

The term refrigeration means cooling a space, substance or system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the ambient one (while the removed heat is rejected at a higher temperature). In other words, refrigeration is artificial (human-made) cooling.

Refrigeration, is the act of removing undesirable heat from one thing, substance, or space and transferring it to another object, substance, or space.

Refrigeration refers to the process of chilling an area, material, or system in order to decrease and or keep its temperature below that of the surrounding environment.

Refrigeration, sometimes known as chilling, is the act of removing undesired heat from one item, substance, or area and transferring it to another.

The temperature can be lowered by using ice, snow, cooled water, or mechanical refrigeration to remove heat.

Hence,refrigeration, is the act of removing undesirable heat.

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The color of white light bends the most when it is refracted by a prism is green after the violet.

The shorter the wavelength of the mild, the greater its miles refracted. As a result, crimson mild is refracted the least, and violet mild is refracted the most - inflicting the colored mild to unfold out to shape a spectrum.

The hues of white mild withinside the order of lowering wavelength are crimson orange-yellow inexperienced blue indigo violet. Fro the listing we are given withinside the alternatives inexperienced has the shortest wavelength than others. Therefore inexperienced will bend the most.

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