A photodetector has three polarizing films between it and a source of
unpolarized light. The first film is oriented vertically. At what angle should the
second polarizing film be oriented so that 37.5 percent of the original light
intensity reaches the detector?
Investigation 12 Electromagnetic Radiation

Answer:

 p₀ = 0 , 0 = pactor + p_proyectal

Explanation:

The total moment of the actor and projectile before the shot is zero since both are at zero speed

         p₀ = 0

after the shot the moment is

        \(p_{f}\) = P_actor + P_proyecta

        P₀ = p_{f}

system is formed by the actor plus the projectile

        0 = pactor + p_proyectal

       p_proyectil = - p _actor

See fly momentum before and pulse shot is zero.

In the part after the shot the moment of the two parts is different from zero, but since they go in the opposite direction their sum gives zero,

Answer:

Differing in situ values have been reported for the average temperature on Mars, with a common value being −63 °C (210 K; −81 °F). Surface temperatures may reach a high of about 20 °C (293 K; 68 °F) at noon, at the equator, and a low of about −153 °C (120 K; −243 °F) at the poles.

the exosphere is the least dense

Answer:

exosphere

Explanation: Just took the quiz and got an A, 100%

I believe that Gigafood is the future of food. It is a healthy, convenient, and sustainable way to get all the nutrients our bodies need. I am excited to see how Gigafood can change the way people eat.

Name: Gigafood

Company: Gigafood, Inc.

Components:

Gigafood is a complete and balanced meal that provides all the essential nutrients the body needs.

Macronutrients: Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy. Fats provide essential fatty acids and help the body absorb vitamins. Protein is necessary for building and repairing tissues.

Micronutrients: Vitamins and minerals are essential for many bodily functions, including growth, development, and immunity.

Antioxidants: Berries and nuts are rich in antioxidants, which help protect the body against damage from free radicals.

Slogan: Gigafood: The only food you'll ever need.

Disclaimer: Gigafood is a healthy and nutritious food, but it is not a cure for any disease. It is important to eat a balanced diet and get regular exercise.

Health benefits:

Diseases or conditions that Gigafood can help with:

Gigafood is a convenient and delicious way to get all the nutrients your body needs.

Gigafood is a healthy and sustainable choice for the environment.

Gigafood is a great way to save time and money on food.

The advertisement should be visually appealing and easily noticeable. It should use bright colors and simple graphics to capture attention. The advertisement should also include the Gigafood logo and slogan.

I believe that Gigafood is the future of food. It is a healthy, convenient, and sustainable way to get all the nutrients our bodies need. I am excited to see how Gigafood can change the way people eat.

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when Force (N) is 10.0 Length (m) is 0.60

when Force (N) is 8.0 Length (m) is 0.40

when Force (N) is 4.0 Length (m) is 0.20

when Force (N) is 4.0 Length (m) is 0.20

when Force (N) is 2.0 Length (m) is 0.10

chatgpt

49. To find the length of a pendulum that has a period of 2.3 seconds on the Moon, where the gravitational acceleration (g) is 1.6 N/kg, we can use the formula:

Period (T) = 2π√(Length (L) / g)

Substituting the given values:

2.3 = 2π√(L / 1.6)

To solve for L, we can rearrange the formula:

L = (2.3 / (2π))^2 * 1.6

L ≈ 0.781 meters (or 78.1 centimeters)

So, the pendulum must be approximately 0.781 meters (or 78.1 centimeters) long to have a period of 2.3 seconds on the Moon.

50. Ranking Task:

To rank the pendulums according to their periods, we need to consider both the length and mass of each pendulum.

Ranking from least to greatest period:

1. A: 10 cm long, mass = 0.25 kg

2. C: 20 cm long, mass = 0.25 kg

3. B: 10 cm long, mass = 0.35 kg

There is a tie between pendulums A and C, as they have the same length but different masses.

The speed of the artillery shell when it hits its target is 100 m/s.

Given:

Initial vertical displacement (y) = 200 m

Vertical displacement at 100 m in the air (y') = 100 m

Final velocity in the vertical direction (vy') = 0 m/s (at the highest point of the trajectory)

Using the equation for vertical displacement in projectile motion:

y' = vy^2 / (2g),

where g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s^2), we can solve for the initial vertical velocity (vy).

100 m = vy^2 / (2 * 9.8 m/s^2),

vy^2 = 100 m * 2 * 9.8 m/s^2,

vy^2 = 1960 m^2/s^2,

vy = sqrt(1960) m/s,

vy ≈ 44.27 m/s.

Now, since the horizontal motion is independent of the vertical motion, the horizontal speed of the shell remains constant throughout its trajectory. Therefore, the speed of the shell when it hits its target is 100 m/s.

Hence, the speed of the artillery shell when it hits its target is 100 m/s.

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The magnitude of the resultant vector, representing the actual path of the boat, is approximately 1.42 m/s.

To find the magnitude of the resultant vector, we need to consider the boat's velocity and the velocity of the river. The boat's velocity is given as 0.75 m/s, and the river's velocity is given as 1.2 m/s.

Since the boat is moving in a river, we can think of the boat's velocity as a combination of two velocities: its own velocity and the velocity of the river. The resultant vector represents the actual path of the boat, considering both velocities.

To calculate the resultant vector, we can use vector addition. The magnitude of the resultant vector can be found by taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the boat's velocity and the river's velocity. Mathematically, we have:

Resultant magnitude = √(boat velocity^2 + river velocity^2)

Plugging in the given values, we have:

Resultant magnitude = √(0.75^2 + 1.2^2)

= √(0.5625 + 1.44)

= √2.0025

≈ 1.42 m/s

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Answer:

i think i am late but b is 3

Explanation:

The bike is travelling at 22.5 m/s after 2.5 s

This is defined as the rate of change of velocity which time. It is expressed as

a = (v – u) / t

Where

a = (v – u) / t

a = (15 – 0) / 5

a = 3 m/s²

a = (v – u) / t

3 = (v – 15) / 2.5

Cross multiply

v – 15 = 3 × 2.5

v – 15 = 7.5

Collect like terms

v = 7.5 + 15

v = 22.5 m/s

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Answer:

“A symbiotic relationship between botany and the fields of physics, mathematics, engineering, and chemistry continues today, as is revealed in Plant Physics.

A plant in physics refers to a facility that generates electrical power from various sources of energy.

A "plant", in physics, is a facility that creates electricity by using the resources. In order to generate electricity, power plants often transform energy from one form to another.

A nuclear power plant generates heat through nuclear processes, which is subsequently converted into steam to operate a turbine. Wind farms and solar power plants, for example, generate electricity by harnessing wind kinetic energy or solar radiant energy.

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Answer:

A.) acceleration= 55.6m/s^2

B.) acceleration of table= 5.0m/s^2

C.) More acceleration

Explanation:

A.) 100N/1.8kg= -55.6

B.) 100N÷20kg= 5

C.) Because since the table would have less mass, it would have had to accelerate more

The acceleration of Claudia's foot is 55.56 m/s². The acceleration of the table is 5 m/s².  If the table had less mass then its acceleration will be less and Claudia's toe hurt less.

Acceleration can be described as the rate of change of velocity with respect to time. Acceleration is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction. Acceleration is also the second derivative of position w.r.t. time and the first derivative of velocity w.r.t. time.

According to the second law of Newton, the force is equal to the product of mass and acceleration.

F = ma

or, a = F/m

Given, the force with which Claudia stubs her toe on the coffee table,

F = 100N

The mass of Claudia's foot = 1.80 Kg

The acceleration of the Claudia's foot = 100/1.50 = 55.56m/s²

The mass of the table = 20 Kg

The acceleration of the table = 100/20 = 5 m/s²

The acceleration of any object is inversely proportional to its mass. If the table had less mass then its acceleration will be less and it would less hurt Claudia's toe.

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Explanation:

for part A:

work done is equal to change in potential energy which is

MgH

so the answer is 1.9 × 1 × 9.81

ANSWER FOR PART A: 18.639

FOR PART B:

power = flow rate x gh

= 5×9.81×1.9

93.195 watts

\(l = 40cm \\ \bold \red{area \: of \: cross \: section} \: a = 0.1mm {}^{2} \\ = \frac{0.1}{100} cm {}^{2} \\ \\ \R = 0.8 Ω \\ \\ \bold \green{ Specific \: Resistance \: of \: wire \:ρ } = \frac{Ra}{l} \\ = \frac{0.8}{40} \times \frac{1}{100} \\ \\ ρ = 0.00002Ω - cm\)

Hope This Helps!!

The specific resistance of the wire is 2.0 × 10⁻⁷ Ωm

From the question, we are to determine the specific resistance of the wire

From the formula,

\(\rho = \frac{RA}{l}\)

Where \(\rho\) is the specific resistance or resistivity

R is the resistance

A is the cross section area

and \(l\) is the length of the wire

From the given information

\(l = 40\ cm = 0.4 \ m\)

\(A = 0.1 \ mm^{2} = 0.1 \times 10^{-6} \ m^{2}\)

R = 0.8 Ω

Putting the parameters into the formula, we get

\(\rho = \frac{0.8 \times 0.1 \times 10^{-6} }{0.4}\)

Then,

\(\rho = 2.0 \times 10^{-7}\) Ωm

Hence, the specific resistance of the wire is 2.0 × 10⁻⁷ Ωm

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The candidate's speed (m/s), given that the candidate experiences a centripetal acceleration that is 2.8 times the acceleration due to gravity is 17.4 m/s

We understood that the centripetal acceleration is related to speed and radius according to the following formula:

a = v² / r

Cross multiply

v² = ar

Take the square root of both sides

v = √ar

Where

Withe the above formula, we can determin the speed of the candidate. Details below:

v = √ar

v = √(27.44 × 11.05)

v = 17.4 m/s

Thus, the speed of the candidate is 17.4 m/s

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Answer:

The decay constant, or "lambda" (λ), is the rate at which a radioactive isotope decays. It is usually measured in units of inverse time, such as seconds. In this case, the decay constant can be calculated as follows:

16:42

λ = (ln(2)/3.57 x 106) x (5.78 x 1017) = 0.

Explanation:

Using diffraction grating equation:

Where:

Solve for d:

Answer:

This problem involves the concept of a random walk, which is a mathematical model of a path consisting of a succession of random steps.

The question asks for the distance, R(n), from the center of a star after n steps of a photon, assuming a 2D random walk.

The random walk in two dimensions has a step length of A_i and the direction of the steps is uniformly distributed in [0, 2π). The change in position after each step can be written in Cartesian coordinates (Δx, Δy), where Δx = A_i cos(θ_i) and Δy = A_i sin(θ_i).

The displacement from the center after n steps is given by the vector sum of all the individual steps. This vector sum can be written in terms of its Cartesian coordinates, (X, Y), where X = Σ Δx and Y = Σ Δy. This sum over n random vectors is itself a random variable. The net displacement R(n) from the center of the star after n steps is given by the magnitude of the net displacement vector:

R(n) = √(X² + Y²)

Because each step is independent and has a random direction, the expected value of the cosine and sine for any step is zero. This means that the expected values of X and Y are both zero.

However, the mean square displacement is not zero. Because the steps are independent, the mean square displacement in each direction is additive. For a 2D random walk:

<X²> = Σ <(Δx)²> = n <(A cos θ)²> = n A²/2

<Y²> = Σ <(Δy)²> = n <(A sin θ)²> = n A²/2

Because <X²> = <Y²>, we can write:

<R²> = <X²> + <Y²> = n A²

So, the root mean square distance (the square root of the mean square displacement) after n steps is:

R(n) = √(<R²>) = √(n) * A

Therefore, the distance R(n) that the photon is expected to be from the center of the star after n steps grows as the square root of the number of steps, with each step having a length A. Please note that this result holds for a 2D random walk. A real photon in a star would be performing a 3D random walk, which would have slightly different characteristics.

The angles and orientations of the individual vectors being added affect the direction of the vector sum.

To find the direction of the vector sum, we need to consider the individual vectors and their respective magnitudes and directions. The vector sum is determined by adding the individual vectors together.

Let's assume we have two vectors, A and B. Each vector can be represented by its magnitude and direction. The magnitude represents the length or size of the vector, while the direction indicates the orientation or angle with respect to a reference axis.

To find the vector sum, we add the corresponding components of each vector. Let's say vector A has a magnitude of 5 units and is pointing in the northeast direction, and vector B has a magnitude of 3 units and is pointing due north.

When we add these vectors, we combine their magnitudes and directions. The resulting vector sum, let's call it C, will have a magnitude equal to the sum of the magnitudes of A and B (5 + 3 = 8 units). The direction of vector C will depend on the angle between vector A and vector B.

If the angle between A and B is such that they are pointing in the same direction, the resulting vector C will also point in that direction. If the angle between A and B is different, the resulting vector C will have a direction that lies somewhere between the directions of A and B.

In summary, the direction of the vector sum is determined by the angles and orientations of the individual vectors being added.

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We can calculate the time taken by the compass to hit the ground by using kinematic equations of motion. The motion of the compass is a free-fall motion since it is only under the influence of gravity. When the compass is dropped, it is initially at rest.

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The study of excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dots is a fascinating and rapidly evolving field in semiconductor physics. Excitons are bound states of an electron and a hole created by the absorption of a photon in a semiconductor material. These quasi-particles exhibit unique optical and electronic properties, making them important for various applications such as optoelectronic devices and quantum information processing.

1. Introduction:

  - Provide an overview of excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dots.

  - Mention their significance in semiconductor physics and applications.

2. Excitons:

  - Define excitons as bound electron-hole pairs.

  - Explain how they form through photon absorption.

  - Discuss their properties, such as energy levels, binding energies, and radiative lifetimes.

  - Describe their behavior under external electric and magnetic fields.

3. Semiconductor Quantum Dots:

  - Introduce semiconductor quantum dots as nanoscale structures with unique quantum confinement effects.

  - Explain the synthesis methods for quantum dots, such as colloidal synthesis or epitaxial growth.

  - Discuss their size-dependent electronic and optical properties.

4. Biexcitons:

  - Define biexcitons as two excitons bound together.

  - Explain the conditions for biexciton formation.

  - Discuss their properties, including binding energies, lifetimes, and interaction with external fields.

5. Experimental Techniques:

  - Describe the experimental methods used to study excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dots, such as photoluminescence spectroscopy or ultrafast spectroscopy.

  - Highlight the importance of time-resolved techniques for understanding exciton dynamics.

6. Applications:

  - Discuss the applications of excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dots, such as in optoelectronic devices (e.g., solar cells, light-emitting diodes) and quantum information processing (e.g., quantum dots as qubits).

7. Current Research and Future Directions:

  - Provide an overview of recent advancements in the field.

  - Mention ongoing research efforts and emerging areas of interest.

  - Discuss potential future directions and challenges in the study of excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dots.

8. Conclusion:

  - Summarize the key points discussed in the project.

  - Emphasize the significance of excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dots for fundamental research and technological applications.

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Answer:

it is double the temperature change of iron

The length of the new runway In terms of (L) is 4L.

Your question is incomplete, it seems your question is missing the following information below;

"In terms of (L) , what must be the length of the new runway?"

The given parameters;

For the newly designed planes;

the take off speed is double of the original = 2V₁

the acceleration for both take is constant = a

The take off speed for the given constant acceleration is given as;

\(v^2 = u^2 + 2as\\\\v^2 = 0 + 2as\\\\v^2 = 2as\\\\a = \frac{v^2}{2s} \\\\\)

The length of the new runway In terms of (L) is calculated as follows;

\(a = \frac{v_1^2}{2s_1} = \frac{v_2^2}{2s_2} \\\\substitute \ the \ corresponding \ values \ for \ initial \ acceleration \ and \ new \\acceleration\\\\\frac{v_1^2}{2L} = \frac{(2v_1)^2}{2s_2}\\\\2s_2v_1^2 = 2L(4v_1^2)\\\\s_2 = \frac{2L(4v_1^2)}{2v_1^2} = \frac{8Lv_1^2}{2v_1^2} = 4L\)

Thus, the length of the new runway In terms of (L) is 4L.

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Answer:

90.3125 m

Explanation:

\(s = ut + \frac{1}{2} a {t}^{2} \)

a = 10m/s^2 (constant)

S=height

U=initial velocity

a= gravitational acceleration

t= time

s = 0 + 1/2 * 10 * 4.25 ^2

u is 0 because it is dropped without velocity

s =90.3125 m

Answer:

The work done will be "763 J". A further explanation is given below.

Explanation:

The given values are:

\(Q_1=1000 \ J\)

Temperature,

\(T_1=900^{\circ} C\)

i.e,

    \(=1173\)

\(T_2=5^{\circ}C\)

i.e.,

    \(=278\)

As we know,

⇒  \(\eta =1-\frac{T_2}{T_1}\)

On substituting the values, we get

⇒     \(=1-\frac{278}{1173}\)

⇒     \(=\frac{1173-278}{1173}\)

⇒     \(=\frac{895}{1173}\)

⇒     \(=0.763\)

then,

⇒  \(W=\eta Q_1\)

⇒       \(=0.763\times 1000\)

⇒       \(=763 \ J\)

Answer:

the speed of a jet plane = v = 12 m/s

Explanation:

jet plane that travels 48 meters East in 4 seconds?

use the velocity as distance over time formula = v = d / t

where:

t = 4 sec

d = 48 m

plugin values into the formula

v =  48 m  

        4 sec

v = 12 m/s

therefore,

the speed of a jet plane = v = 12 m/s

The temperature of the gas (in °C) at this pressure is 248.5 °C

Temperature is a bodily quantity that expresses the hotness of count or radiation. There are 3 kinds of temperature scales. Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of an item.

Temperature is a degree of the common kinetic energy of the debris in an object. whilst the temperature increases, the motion of those particles also increases. Temperature is measured with a thermometer or calorimeter.

Given;

P₁ = 1.2 x10⁵ Pa = 1.18430792

T₁ = 25.0°C = 298 K

P₂ = 2.1x10 Pa = 0.000207253886

T₂ = ?

using ideal gas equaion:-

PV = nRT

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

T₂ = P₂T₁  /P₁

   = 2.1x10⁵ x  298 / 1.2 x10⁵

   = 521.5 K

   = 248.5 °C

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The required, it experiences a downward force due to gravity and a force due to air resistance.

Projectile motion is the movement of an entity projected into space. After the initial force that launches the object, it only experiences the force of gravity. The object is called a projectile, and its path is called its trajectory.

Here,

When throwing a ball vertically upward, there is a displacement of about 1.0 m from the initial position of the hand to the position where the ball leaves the hand. The mass of the ball is 0.80 kg and it reaches a maximum height of about 20 m above the initial position of the hand. While the ball is in the hand after it leaves, it experiences a downward force due to gravity and a force due to air resistance.

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Answer: I am pretty sure it is (b) what is the value of mass suspended at the end of the spring.

Explanation:

The volume of the ark is 11163 cubic feet.

The term volume of a box refers to the product of the length, width and height of the box. We have been told that the ark of Noah could be likened to a box and we have been asked to obtain its volume.

Hence;

width = 3.5  * 50 = 175 inches or 14.58 feet

length = 300 * 3.5 = 1050 inches or 87.5 feet

height = 30  * 3.5 = 105 inches or 8.75 feet

Volume of the ark = 14.58 feet * 87.5 feet *  8.75 feet

Volume of the ark = 11163 cubic feet

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