a system of four moles of an ideal gas increases its internal energy by 2,992 j as it increases in temperature from 300 k to 360 k. there are no changes in bond energy. which of the following statements is true? explain using the appropriate model(s). a) this gas is monatomic. b) this gas is diatomic, with its vibrational modes frozen out. c) this gas is diatomic, with its vibrational modes unfrozen. d) not enough information given; you need to know how much work was done on the gas. e) not enough information given; you need to know how much heat was transferred to the gas. f) both d) and e).

Explanation:

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The response that contains all the true statements about buffer solutions and no false statements is:

I. A buffer solution could consist of equal concentrations of ammonia and ammonium bromide.

III. A buffer solution will change only slightly in pH upon addition of acid or base.

IV. In a buffer solution containing benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, and sodium benzoate, NaC6H5COO, the species that reacts with added [OH-] is the benzoate ion.

Statement II is false because perchloric acid, HClO4, is a strong acid and sodium perchlorate is a strong base. A buffer solution requires a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid to resist changes in pH upon the addition of acid or base. Perchloric acid and sodium perchlorate do not fulfill this requirement. Therefore, the correct response is I, III, and IV.

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In a buffer solution containing benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, and sodium benzoate, NaC6H5COO, the species that reacts with added hydroxide ions is the benzoate ion. All the statements are TRUE, and there are NO false statements.

A buffer solution is a solution that is resistant to pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic compound. This is due to the presence of both a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, in the solution. A buffer solution could consist of equal concentrations of ammonia and ammonium bromide. In a buffer solution, the pH remains relatively constant when small amounts of a strong acid or base are added to it. The benzoate ion is the species that reacts with added hydroxide ions in a buffer solution containing benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, and sodium benzoate, NaC6H5COO.In a buffer solution containing benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, and sodium benzoate, NaC6H5COO, the species that reacts with added hydroxide ions is the benzoate ion. All the statements are TRUE, and there are NO false statements.

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Answer:

d)Gas syringe and stopclock

Explanation:

Gas syringe is used to measure the volume of gas collected

Stopclock is used to measure the time taken to produce a certain amount of gas thus the rate of reaction:volume vs time can be determined

CH3Br. The CH3Br has the smallest dipole moment among the given molecules, and dipole-dipole forces depend on the magnitude of the dipole moment. Therefore, CH3Br will have the smallest dipole-dipole forces. H2O and ClBr have larger dipole moments compared to CH3Br

CH3Br. The explanation is that CH3Br has the smallest dipole moment among the given molecules, and dipole-dipole forces depend on the magnitude of the dipole moment. Therefore, CH3Br will have the smallest dipole-dipole forces. H2O and ClBr have larger dipole moments compared to CH3Br, while ClBrCl has the largest dipole moment among the given molecules.
The main answer is that CH3Br has the smallest dipole-dipole forces.
Dipole-dipole forces occur between polar molecules. The strength of these forces is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the atoms involved in the bond. The greater the difference in electronegativity, the stronger the dipole-dipole forces.

Comparing the given molecules:

1. CH3Br: Carbon (C) and Bromine (Br) have an electronegativity difference of approximately 0.5.
2. H2O: Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O) have an electronegativity difference of approximately 1.4.
3. HCl: Hydrogen (H) and Chlorine (Cl) have an electronegativity difference of approximately 0.9.
4. BrCl: Bromine (Br) and Chlorine (Cl) have an electronegativity difference of approximately 0.2.

CH3Br has the smallest dipole-dipole forces among these molecules, as it has a relatively low electronegativity difference between the atoms involved in the bond.

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The dye concentration in the original solution was 0.158 M.

The dye concentration in the original solution is determined from the dilution formula as follows:

The product of concentration and volume of initial solution is equal to the product of concentration and volume of final solution .

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

Where M₁ = initial concentration

V₁ = original volume

M₂ = final concentration

V₂ = final volume

For the final dilution:

M₁ = M₂V₂/V₁

M₁ = 0.000158 × 100/5

M₁ = 0.000316 M

For the first dilution:

M₁ = M₂V₂/V₁

M₁ = 0.00316 ×  100/2

M₁ = 0.158 M

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Answer:

it's broken down into  carbon dioxide and water

Explanation:

The answer is A. It gets broken down.

The rate constant can be calculated from the exponents of the concentrations. Therefore, the correct option is option A.

The chemical kinetics rate law, which connects the molecular concentration of reactants with reaction rate, uses the rate constant as a proportionality factor. The letter k in an equation designates it, which is also referred to as either the consequence rate constant and reaction rate coefficient. The rate constant can be calculated from the exponents of the concentrations.

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

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When the exact composition and amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the media ingredients are unknown, these media are called complex media.

In microbiology and cell culture, media refers to the nutrient-rich solutions or mixtures used to support the growth and propagation of microorganisms or cells. These media typically contain various components such as carbon, nitrogen, minerals, vitamins, and other essential nutrients.  

When the exact composition and amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the media ingredients are unknown, the media are referred to as complex media. Complex media are usually made from natural sources, such as yeast extract, beef extract, or peptone, which contain a mixture of nutrients in undefined proportions.

Complex media are commonly used in laboratory settings when the precise requirements of the microorganisms or cells being cultured are not well-defined or understood. They provide a broad range of nutrients that support the growth of a wide variety of organisms.

Contrastingly, defined or synthetic media have a precisely known composition, with the exact amounts and sources of carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients specified. These media are used when researchers need precise control over the nutrients provided to the microorganisms or cells, allowing for specific growth conditions and experiments.

When the composition and amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the media ingredients are unknown, the media are called complex media. Complex media are used when the precise requirements of the microorganisms or cells are not well-defined, providing a mixture of nutrients that can support the growth of various organisms.

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14. The type of reaction is combustion reaction.

15.  Decomposition reaction: AB → A + B

Synthesis reaction: A + B → AB

Displacement reaction: A + BC → AC + B

Combustion reaction: Fuel + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Combination reaction: A + B + C → ABC

Combustion reactions are described as chemical reactions in which a fuel reacts with an oxidizer to produce heat, light, and waste products

Combustion reactions are characterized by the presence of oxygen and the release of energy in the form of heat and light.

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The claim regarding the above is that a known unknown is knowledge about which someone is aware but has no possession. Many scientific investigations, search engine and database searches, business intelligence (BI), and data analytics, among other channels of inquiry, are driven by known unknowns.

Known unknowns might potentially indicate possible concerns. Time and cost predictions in project management, for example, are intrinsically imprecise due to circumstances beyond the organization's control, such as supply chain concerns.

These are known in the sense that it is accepted that certain occurrences may occur, but it is uncertain, and frequently unknowable, whether or not they will.

A known unknown in security is knowing that there are present risks to network security but no information on whether they are affecting your network specifically.

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In all three syntheses, acid-catalyzed reactions were used to introduce functional groups onto the aromatic ring, and oxidation and bromination reactions were used to convert the intermediate compounds into the final product.

To synthesize 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid from benzene, the first step would be to brominate the benzene to form 3-bromophenol using a mixture of sulfuric acid and bromine. Next, the 3-bromophenol would undergo a reaction with concentrated sulfuric acid to form 3-bromophenolsulfonic acid. This compound would then be oxidized using a strong oxidizing agent like potassium permanganate to form 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid. Finally, this compound would undergo a second bromination step to form 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid.

To synthesize 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid from toluene, the first step would be to oxidize the toluene using potassium permanganate to form benzoic acid. Next, the benzoic acid would undergo a reaction with phosphorus pentabromide to form 3,5-dibromobenzoic acid. This compound would then undergo a reaction with sulfuric acid to form 3,5-dibromobenzenesulfonic acid. Finally, this compound would be hydrolyzed using sodium hydroxide to form 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid.

To synthesize 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid from phenol, the first step would be to brominate the phenol using a mixture of sulfuric acid and bromine to form 2,4,6-tribromophenol. Next, the 2,4,6-tribromophenol would undergo a reaction with concentrated sulfuric acid to form 2,4,6-tribromophenolsulfonic acid. This compound would then undergo a hydrolysis reaction using sodium hydroxide to form 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid.

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The pressure of a gas in a lightbulb increases a few minutes after the light is turned on.

Pressure is defined as the force exerted by one substance on another per unit area. The force that perhaps the gas applied in such a way on the jar boundaries is defined as gas pressure. Gas molecules move at random across the given volume.

They come into conflict with the surface as well as each other during this movement. Each individual gas molecule's impact is too small and challenging to visualize. However, the combined impact of all gas molecules encompasses the gas pressure.

The larger the number of collisions, the greater the pressure.The average linear momentum of either a gas's moving molecules is then measured by its pressure. The pressure performs perpendicular to the wall constituent of both forces is determined by the viscosity of the gas.

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The two reactants studied in the lab procedure include Fe3+ and [CoCl4]2. The correct choice is option A & B.

A chemical reaction is a method that changes one or more substances into one or more new substances, which are often referred to as products. A chemical equation is a short summary of a chemical reaction in which the reactants and products are represented by their chemical formulas.

To form new compounds, chemical reactions entail breaking bonds in reactant molecules and forming new bonds in product molecules. Chemical equations serve as a useful method for understanding and communicating these reactions.

They include reactants, which are the beginning components, and products, which are the final products. Balancing a chemical equation entails ensuring that there are equal quantities of atoms for each element on both sides of the equation.

To summarize, in the lab procedure, Fe3+ and [CoCl4]2 are the two reactants being examined. The chemical formulae for the reactants are provided in the possible solutions section.

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Answer:

162.7miles/hr

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Distance covered by the train  = 813.5miles

Time taken  = 5hours

Unknown:

Speed of the train  = ?

Solution:

Speed is a physical quantity.

It is mathematically expressed as;

      Speed  = \(\frac{distance}{time}\)

So, input parameters and solve;

   Speed  = \(\frac{813.5}{5}\)  = 162.7miles/hr

The pH of the solution is approximately 1.093.

To solve this problem, we need to use the equation for the neutralization of an acid and a base:

acid + base → salt + water

In this case, the acid is HCl and the base is NaOH, so the balanced equation is:

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

According to the equation, 1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of NaOH to produce 1 mole of NaCl and 1 mole of water. We can use this fact to determine how much of each reactant is used up in the reaction.

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of HCl and NaOH in the solution:

moles of HCl = concentration × volume = 0.249 M × 0.0407 L = 0.01015 moles

moles of NaOH = concentration × volume = 0.108 M × 0.0364 L = 0.00394 moles

Next, we need to determine which reactant is limiting. The limiting reactant is the one that is completely used up in the reaction, and determines how much product can be formed. To do this, we compare the number of moles of each reactant:

HCl:NaOH = 0.01015:0.00394 = 2.58:1

Since the ratio is greater than 1:1, we can see that HCl is in excess and NaOH is limiting.

Therefore, all the NaOH will react with the HCl to form NaCl and water:

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

The number of moles of NaOH used up is equal to the number of moles of HCl that reacts:

moles of NaOH used up = 0.00394 moles

The remaining moles of HCl that did not react is:

moles of HCl remaining = 0.01015 - 0.00394 = 0.00621 moles

To calculate the concentration of the NaCl solution formed, we divide the number of moles of NaCl by the total volume of the solution:

total volume = 40.7 mL + 36.4 mL = 77.1 mL = 0.0771 L

moles of NaCl = moles of NaOH used up = 0.00394 moles

concentration of NaCl = moles of NaCl / total volume = 0.00394 moles / 0.0771 L = 0.0511 M

Finally, we can calculate the pH of the solution using the formula:

pH = -log[H+]

Since NaCl is a salt of a strong acid (HCl) and a strong base (NaOH), it will not contribute to the pH of the solution. Therefore, the pH is determined by the excess H+ ions from the HCl. To calculate the concentration of H+ ions in the solution, we can use the following formula:

[H+] = moles of HCl remaining / total volume

[H+] = 0.00621 moles / 0.0771 L = 0.0804 M

pH = -log[H+] = -log(0.0804) = 1.093

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The event that usually occurs when air is cooled to its dew point temperature is the formation of dew, frost, or fog.  

When air is cooled to its dew point temperature, it reaches its maximum saturation point. In other words, the air cannot hold any more water vapor. As a result, the excess water vapor condenses into tiny water droplets, creating dew, frost, or fog. This is because as air cools, its capacity to hold moisture decreases.

When the air cools, it loses its ability to hold moisture. In humid conditions, as the temperature decreases, the dew point temperature is reached. When the temperature drops below this point, water droplets are formed from the moisture present in the air. The formation of water droplets is visible on objects such as grass, leaves, and windows, which appear wet. This process is known as dew deposition. Similarly, when the temperature drops below freezing point, frost is formed instead of water droplets. The process of condensation of water droplets results in the formation of fog.

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One mole of ring form of sulfur has a molecular weight of 8 × 32 g/mol = 256 g/mol and it reacts with 4 moles of molecular oxygen to make 3 moles of sulfur trioxide and 4 moles of water.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:8S + 12O2 → 8SO3 + :For complete combustion, one mole of sulfur requires 12 moles of molecular oxygen.

Therefore, one mole of the ring form of sulfur requires 12/8 = 1.5 moles of molecular oxygen.However, the given question is only asking for the number of moles of molecular oxygen required when sulfur ring burns to make sulfur trioxide.

So, the number of moles of molecular oxygen required when one mole of ring form of sulfur burns to make sulfur trioxide is 1.5 × 3/8 = 0.5625 moles.

Summary:Thus, 0.5625 moles of molecular oxygen is required when one mole of ring form of sulfur burns to make sulfur trioxide.

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If the heat capacity of the bomb calorimeter is 9.96 kj/°c, then the amount of heat released from combustion of 2 g of wood is 39.84 kJ.

To determine the amount of heat released from combustion of 2 g of wood, you need to use the formula

Q = C × ΔT Where:Q is the heat released or absorbed in joules (J)C is the heat capacity of the bomb calorimeter (given as 9.96 kJ/°C)ΔT is the change in temperature in degrees Celsius (°C)We can assume that all the heat released from the combustion of the wood is absorbed by the calorimeter, so we can use the heat capacity of the calorimeter to calculate the heat released. Since the calorimeter absorbs the heat, the value of Q will be negative (i.e. the heat is released).

Given: Mass of wood = 2 g Heat capacity of the bomb calorimeter = 9.96 kJ/°C First, we need to calculate the change in temperature. This can be done by measuring the temperature of the calorimeter before and after combustion. Let's assume that the temperature increases by 4.0 °C.ΔT = 4.0 °C Now, we can calculate the heat released: Q = C × ΔTQ = (9.96 kJ/°C) × (4.0 °C)Q = 39.84 kJ

Therefore, the amount of heat released from combustion of 2 g of wood is 39.84 kJ.

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The missing sides of the triangle would be, such that x = 46, and y = 73.

The 3 sides of a triangle are:

In the illustration:

In order to solve for x and y, recall that:

Tan Ф = opposite/adjacent

Thus: tan 39° = y/57

                   y = 57 x tan 39°

                      = 57 x 0.8098

                      = 46

In order to solve for x, recall that: cos  Ф = adjacent/hypotenuse

Thus: cos 39° = 57/x

                   x = 57/cos 39°

                       = 57/0.7771

                       = 73

Thus, x = 46, and y = 73

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The main difference in the degree of electron delocalization between a 4-dimethylamino-4'nitrostilbene and a 4-dimethylamino-3'-nitrostilbene is their resonance structure.

In 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene, the electron-donating dimethylamino group and electron-withdrawing nitro group are located on opposite ends of the stilbene molecule, both para to the central double bond. This allows for greater resonance stabilization and extended electron delocalization across the entire molecule.

In contrast, in 4-dimethylamino-3'-nitrostilbene, the nitro group is meta to the central double bond. This arrangement disrupts the resonance stabilization, resulting in reduced electron delocalization.

So, the main difference is that the 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene has greater electron delocalization due to its para positioning, while the 4-dimethylamino-3'-nitrostilbene has reduced electron delocalization due to its meta positioning.

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By dividing the mass by the formula mass expressed in g/mol, the quantity of moles in a given mass of a substance can be determined.

3.500 moles equal how many grams of MgO? We multiply by the molar mass to convert the moles of a substance into grams.You must use the grams to moles formula, which reads: n = m / M, where M is the material's molar mass, to accurately calculate the number of moles, n, of a substance with a given mass, m, in grams. When converting a number from grams to moles, it is obvious from equation I that we must divide the provided weight or mass of the material by its molecular weight or mass to obtain moles of substance.

Question ;

which is the correct expression for converting the mass of a substance in grams to the amount in moles?

A . Molecular mass

B . Molar mass

C . Avogadro's mass

D . Formula mass

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The correct order of decreasing acid strength for the acids lactic acid (LA), oxalic acid (OA), and malic acid (MA) is option B: LA > MA > OA.

The acid strength of an acid is determined by its tendency to donate a proton (H+ ion). The pKa value is a measure of the acidity of an acid, with lower pKa values indicating stronger acids.

In this case, the given pKa values for lactic acid (LA), oxalic acid (OA), and malic acid (MA) are LA = 3.88, OA = 1.23, and MA = 3.40.

Comparing the pKa values, we see that OA has the lowest pKa value (1.23), indicating that it is the strongest acid among the three. LA has a higher pKa value (3.88), making it weaker than OA but stronger than MA. Finally, MA has the highest pKa value (3.40), making it the weakest acid among the three.

Therefore, the correct order of decreasing acid strength is LA > MA > OA, as stated in option B.

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Answer:

Explanation:

This question seeks to test the knowledge of separation techniques.

From the narration in the question, the first separation to be done is the removal of Iron fillings by the use of magnet (magnetic separation). Since Iron is magnetic, the iron fillings will be attracted by the magnet hence removing the iron fillings from the mixture.

The second constituent to be removed will be the copper pieces by the use of a sieve (sieving). Copper pieces have relatively larger sizes than sand and common salt, hence a sieve (which separates particles based on size) can be used to remove the copper pieces from the mixture.

What will be left in the mixture after the processes above will be salt and water. This mixture will have to be dissolved in water; the salt will dissolve in water while the sand will not. After which, filtration will be done to remove the sand which will be collected on the filter paper as filtride and the salt solution will pass through the filter paper as filtrate.

The salt solution can then be evaporated to dryness to retrieve the solid salt from the solution.

The amount of salt in the mixture can then be measured using a weighing balance.

Some of safety measures to be taken during the course of this experiment includes performing the experiment in an airtight and controlled environment. Lab coat and hand gloves should be worn during the course of the experiment. The evaporation to dryness should not be done close to an inflammable material/substance

The empirical formula of the compound extracted from the sassafras tree bark is C_xH_yO_z. Let's determine the empirical formula using the given information.

To find the number of moles of carbon and hydrogen in the compound, we can use their respective molar masses. The molar mass of carbon (C) is 12 g/mol, and the molar mass of hydrogen (H) is 1 g/mol.

The number of moles of carbon (n_C) can be calculated using:

n_C = mass of CO₂ / molar mass of CO₂ = 89.3 mg / 44 g/mol

Similarly, the number of moles of hydrogen (n_H) can be calculated using:

n_H = mass of H₂O / molar mass of H₂O = 18.3 mg / 18 g/mol

Next, we need to find the mole ratio of carbon to hydrogen. Divide the moles of carbon and hydrogen by the smaller value to simplify the ratio. Then, round the ratio to the nearest whole number to obtain the subscripts in the empirical formula.

Let's assume x = subscripts for carbon (C) and y = subscripts for hydrogen (H):

x = n_C / min(n_C, n_H)

y = n_H / min(n_C, n_H)

Now we can write the empirical formula as C_xH_yO_z.

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None of the options provided (a, b, c, or d) is universally true about cross sections.

Firstly, let's define what we mean by cross sections. Cross sections are essentially the 2D shapes that result from slicing through a 3D object with a plane. For example, if you were to slice a cone with a plane that is perpendicular to its base, the resulting cross section would be a circle.


It is not A (all cross sections are linear planes) because some cross sections can be curved or non-linear, such as the circle we just mentioned.

It is not C (all cross sections are line segments) because a line segment is a specific type of 2D shape that only has two endpoints. Cross sections can have any number of points or vertices, depending on the 3D object being sliced.

It is not D (all cross sections are arcs) for similar reasons - an arc is a specific type of curved shape that has a specific arc length and radius. Cross sections can have all sorts of different curved shapes, not just arcs.

So that leaves us with B - all cross sections are nonlinear planes. This is the correct answer because while cross sections can be linear (like a rectangle), they can also be non-linear (like a circle). However, regardless of their shape, cross sections are always flat, 2D planes that result from slicing through a 3D object.

Cross sections refer to the two-dimensional shapes that are obtained when a three-dimensional object is sliced by a plane.

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Answer:

3–methylhexane.

Explanation:

To effectively name the compound given in the question, do the following:

1. Locate the longest continuous carbon chain. This gives the parent name of the compound.

2. Identify the substituent attached to the compound.

3. Locate the position of substituent in the compound using the lowest possible count.

4. Combine the above to get the name of the compound.

Now, let us name the compound with the illustration given above.

1. The longest continuous carbon chain is carbon 6 i.e Hexane

2. The substituent attached to compound is methyl i.e CH3.

3. The substituent i.e CH3 is located at carbon 3.

4. We shall combine the above to get the name of the compound. Therefore, the name of the compound is:

3–methylhexane.

Smoke comes off from the mystery liquid and crushed sugar because of change in energy.

The mystery liquid might be an acid. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms make up sugar. In a highly exothermic process, the acid takes water from the sugar, producing heat, steam, and fumes of acid oxide. The reaction smells very much like caramel, minus the sulfury smell. The white sugar oxidizes and transforms into a black carbonaceous tube that protrudes from the beaker in the form of smoke.

Therefore, when the crushed sugar was added in that liquid it turned the sugar black and few seconds later, the smoke came off while leaving the beaker hot.

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