Calculate ΔS∘rxn for this balanced chemical equation.
2NO(g)+O2(g)→2NO2(g)
Express your answer to one decimal place and include the appropriate units.
Answers
\(ΔS∘rxn\) for this balanced chemical equation \(2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)\) is 47.8 J/mol K.
To calculate ΔS∘rxn, we need to determine the change in entropy for the reaction. We can use the standard molar entropies of the reactants and products to calculate this.
The standard molar entropy of NO(g) is 210.8 J/mol K, the standard molar entropy of O2(g) is 205.0 J/mol K, and the standard molar entropy of NO2(g) is 239.9 J/mol K.
\(= [2S∘(NO2)] - [2S∘(NO) + S∘(O2)]= [2(239.9 J/mol K)] - [2(210.8 J/mol K) + 205.0 J/mol K] = 47.8 J/mol K\)
Therefore, ΔS∘rxn for the reaction \(2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)\)is 47.8 J/mol K.
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Related Questions
mass of 2 into 10 to power 21 number of atoms of an element is 0.4 gram what is the mass of 0.5 mole of the elements
Answers
The mass of 0.5 mole of the element is approximately 6.025 grams.
To calculate the mass of 0.5 mole of the element, we need to know the molar mass of the element.
Given that the mass of 2 x 10^21 atoms of the element is 0.4 grams, we can use this information to find the molar mass.
The number of atoms in 1 mole of any substance is given by Avogadro's number, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol.
First, we calculate the molar mass of the element using the given information:
Molar mass = Mass of 2 x 10^21 atoms / Number of moles of 2 x 10^21 atoms
Molar mass = 0.4 g / (2 x 10^21 atoms / (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol))
Molar mass ≈ 0.4 g / (3.32 x 10^-2 mol)
Molar mass ≈ 12.05 g/mol
Now that we know the molar mass of the element is approximately 12.05 g/mol, we can calculate the mass of 0.5 mole of the element:
Mass = Molar mass x Number of moles
Mass = 12.05 g/mol x 0.5 mol
Mass = 6.025 grams
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Predict the product(s) and write a balanced equation for each of the following redox reactions:
(a) Pentane C₅H ₁₂ ) + oxygen →
Answers
The balanced equation for when pentane gas (C5H12) combusts with oxygen gas (O2) to form water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) is
C₅H₁₂ + 8O₂ --> 5CO₂ + 6H₂O.All redox reactions can be divided into two categories: reduction reactions and oxidation reactions. The oxidation-reduction reaction, commonly referred to as the redox reaction, always comprises concurrent oxidation and reduction reactions.
What results from the simplest interaction between oxygen and pentane?The most fundamental oxygen-pentane reaction is combustion. Along with producing water and carbon dioxide, combustion also produces a lot of heat.
When pentane is burned, what happens?In addition, this process generates a lot of heat and light, which we interpret as fire. In the absence of sufficient oxygen for a full combustion, pentane produces carbon monoxide (CO) rather than dioxide (CO2). Never burn any fuel inside a building, not even pentane!
What is the chemical equation for burning pentane?C5H12 is pentane. It produces 5 carbon dioxide and 6 water when fully burned. 8 O2 + C5H12 = 5 CO2 + 6 H2O. This process also produces a great deal of heat and light, which we perceive as fire.
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liquids that mix completly are called
Answers
Answer:
Miscible
Explanation:
Mixed completely
how much energy is required to ionize hygrogen in each of the following states? (a) ground state
Answers
The energy needed is the energy that changes. The electron in a hydrogen atom is initially assumed to be in the ground state with n=1. The energy of the electron in its ground state is therefore 13.6 eV.
As a result, 12.75eV of the energy is needed to transfer electrons from the ground state to the third excited state. The 4th and 5th ionisation the energies differ significantly from one another. The fourth electron is attracted to the nucleus atom considerably less strongly than the fifth electron because it is in an inner main shell that is closer to the nucleus.
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What is required in order to have an effective collision? A collision between at least two reactants. A. A collision with transfer of sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy B. A collision simultaneously involving three or more reactants. C. A collision of the correct orientation between reactants. D. A slow and gentle collision so that the reactants can form a bond instead of bouncing off one another.
Answers
A collision with transfer of sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy is required for an effective collision between reactants.
Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. In order for a reaction to take place, the colliding particles must possess enough energy to surpass this threshold. When reactant particles collide with enough energy, it allows for the breaking of existing bonds and the formation of new ones, leading to a successful reaction.However, it is important to note that not all collisions result in a reaction.
The effectiveness of a collision is also influenced by other factors, such as the orientation of the colliding particles. For a reaction to occur, the reactant molecules must collide in a way that brings the necessary atoms or groups into close proximity, enabling the formation of new bonds.In summary, an effective collision between reactants requires the transfer of sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier,
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intramolecular bonding of polypeptide chains produces numerous ____________ and beta sheets.
Answers
Intramolecular bonding of polypeptide chains produces numerous α-helices and β-sheets.
Polypeptide chains, which are the backbone of proteins, can fold and interact with each other through various intramolecular bonds. Two common types of secondary structures formed by these interactions are α-helices and β-sheets.
α-helices are formed by the twisting of the polypeptide chain into a helical structure held together by hydrogen bonds between the amino acid residues. The hydrogen bonds form between the carbonyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, creating a stable helical conformation.
β-sheets, on the other hand, are formed by the alignment of multiple polypeptide strands held together by hydrogen bonds between adjacent strands. The hydrogen bonds form between the carbonyl and amino groups of different strands, creating a pleated sheet-like structure.
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The system below was at equilibrium and
then some NO2 gas was removed from the
container. What change will occur for the
system?
2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) + 113.06 kJ
The reaction will shift toward the reactants left and increase the concentration of NO2
The reaction will shift toward the reactants left and increase the concentration of O2
The reaction will not change because it was already at equilibrium
The reaction will shift toward the products right and decrease the concentrations of NO and O2
Answers
When the concentration of NO₂ is decreased by removing it, the reaction will shift toward the products right and increase the concentration of NO₂, to consume.
What is chemical equilibrium ?Chemical equilibrium is the state at which the rate of forward reaction and backward reaction takes place in the same rate. According to Le-chatlier principle, When any imbalance occurs by some factors to the equilibrium, the system itself balances the disorder and shift to a new equilibrium state.
An increase in the concentration of reactants will shift the reaction to the forward direction. Similarly, if the product concentration is increased, then the reaction shifts to backward direction to produce reactants.
Here, NO₂ is the product and decreasing its concentration makes the reaction shifts to the forward direction which produce NO₂. Hence, the reaction will shift toward the products right and decrease the concentrations of NO and O₂.
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A scientist grew bacteria on gel in her lab.
She wanted to find out if bacteria would grow faster on gel A or gel B.
she placed a few bacteria on gel A and a few on gel B.
After 24 hours, she observed how many bacteria were present.
Identify the independent and dependent variables.
Answers
Answer:
The independent variable is type of gel and the dependent variable is the number of bacteria.
Explanation:
An experiment generally tests how one variable is affected by another. The affected variable is called the dependent variable. In the plant experiment shown above, the dependent variable is plant growth. The variable that affects the dependent variable is called the independent variable. In the plant experiment, the independent variable could be fertilizer—some plants will get fertilizer, others will not. The scientists change the amount of the independent variable (the fertilizer) to observe the effects on the dependent variable (plant growth). An experiment needs to be run simultaneously in which no fertilizer is given to the plant. This would be known as a control experiment. In any experiment, other factors that might affect the dependent variable must be controlled. In the plant experiment, what factors do you think should be controlled? (Hint: What other factors might affect plant growth?)
Sodium phosphate reacts with sulfuric acid to form sodium sulfate and phosphoric acid. What is the stoichiometric coefficient for sulfuric acid when the chemical equation is balanced using the lowest whole-number stoichiometric coefficients?.
Answers
When sodium phosphate reacts with sulfuric acid, forming sodium sulfate and phosphoric acid, the stoichiometric coefficient for sulfuric acid in the balanced chemical equation is 3.
In every balanced chemical equation, the total number of individual atoms on the reactant side must be equal to the total number of individual atoms on the product side. The stoichiometric coefficient is the number written in front of each reactants and products that tells how many moles of each are needed in the reaction.
The chemical equation for the given reaction is:
\(Na_{3} PO_{4}\) + \(H_{2} SO_{4}\) = \(Na_{2} SO_{4}\) + \(H_{3} PO_{4}\)
Put the necessary stoichiometric coefficient to balance each element.
Balancing Na:
\(2Na_{3} PO_{4}\) + \(H_{2} SO_{4}\) = \(3Na_{2} SO_{4}\) + \(H_{3} PO_{4}\)
Balancing P:
\(2Na_{3} PO_{4}\) + \(H_{2} SO_{4}\) = \(3Na_{2} SO_{4}\) + \(2H_{3} PO_{4}\)
Balancing S:
\(2Na_{3} PO_{4}\) + \(3H_{2} SO_{4}\) = \(3Na_{2} SO_{4}\) + \(2H_{3} PO_{4}\)
Notice that H and O are already balanced.
Hence, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
\(2Na_{3} PO_{4}\) + \(3H_{2} SO_{4}\) = \(3Na_{2} SO_{4}\) + \(2H_{3} PO_{4}\)
where 3 is the stoichiometric coefficient of sulfuric acid, \(H_{2} SO_{4}\).
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Calculate the pH of a 612801 μM weak base
solution that has a pKa of 3.97.
Answers
Given a weak base solution with a concentration of 612801 μM and a pKa of 3.97, we can calculate the pH of the solution. The pH of a weak base solution can be determined using the equation pH = pKa + log ([B]/[BH+]), where pKa represents the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant, [B] is the concentration of the weak base, and [BH+] is the concentration of the conjugate acid.
Substituting the given values into the equation, we find pH = 3.97 + log [B]/[BH+].
To further simplify the calculation, we can use the relationship between pKa and pKw (the negative logarithm of the ion product constant of water), which is pKa + pKb = pKw = 14.0. Rearranging this equation, we obtain pKb = 14 - pKa = -0.03.
Next, we need to calculate log [BH+]/[B]. The given concentration of the solution is 612801 μM, so log [BH+]/[B] = -log [B]/[BH+] = -log 612801 = -6.79.
Substituting the values of pKa (-0.03) and log [BH+]/[B] (-6.79) into the pH equation, we find pH = 3.97 - 6.79 = -2.82.
Therefore, the pH of the solution is -2.82.
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the structure of the nacl crystal forms reflecting planes 0.541 nm apart. what is the smallest angle, measured from these planes, at which constructive interference of an x-ray beam reflecting off the two planes is observed? assume x-rays of wavelength 0.0649 nm are used? give your answer in degrees.
Answers
The smallest angle, measured from the reflecting planes, at which constructive interference of an X-ray beam is observed is approximately 27.2 degrees.
To determine the smallest angle of constructive interference, we can use Bragg's Law, which states that constructive interference occurs when the path difference between two waves is equal to an integer multiple of the wavelength. The formula is given as:
2d sin(θ) = nλ
Where:
d is the distance between the reflecting planes (0.541 nm)
θ is the angle between the incident X-ray beam and the planes (the desired angle)
n is the order of the interference (we are considering the first-order, so n = 1)
λ is the wavelength of the X-ray beam (0.0649 nm)
Rearranging the formula, we get:
sin(θ) = (nλ) / (2d)
θ = arcsin((nλ) / (2d))
Plugging in the values, we have:
θ = arcsin((1 * 0.0649 nm) / (2 * 0.541 nm))
θ ≈ 27.2 degrees
Therefore, the smallest angle at which constructive interference is observed is approximately 27.2 degrees.
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Iodine consists of simple molecules. Which of the following is a property of simple molecules?
A - Have no overall electric charge
B - They conduct electricity
C - Have high boiling points
D - Have giant structures
Answers
Answer:
A - Have no overall electric charge
Explanation:
Ideally, atoms of elements are chemically bonded to form molecules. A molecule is said to be a SIMPLE MOLECULE if it contains only a few atoms linked strongly together by covalent bonding. Examples of simple molecules are O2, CO2, I2, Cl2 etc.
The following properties are possessed by simple molecules:
- They have no overall electric charge
- They have low melting and boiling points due to the weak intermolecular forces that are easily overcomed when temperature is applied.
- Since they have no net charge, they do not conduct electricity.
- As their name implies, they rather have simple structures.
the combustion of 0.1240 kg of propane in the presence of excess oxygen produces 0.3110 kg of carbon dioxide. what is the theoretical yield?
Answers
371.2 g ,The maximum mass of a product that can be produced in a chemical process is known as the theoretical yield. The balanced chemical equation can be used to calculate it. the limiting reactant's mass and relative formula mass, and. the product's relative formula mass.
What is theoretical yield?The quantity of moles of a product created in relation to the amount of reactant consumed during a chemical reaction is measured in chemistry as yield, also known as reaction yield.
The maximum mass of a product that can be produced in a chemical process is known as the theoretical yield. The balanced chemical equation can be used to calculate it. the limiting reactant's mass and relative formula mass, and. the product's relative formula mass.
The following formula represents the theoretical yield of our reaction: grams product = grams reactant x (1 mol reactant/molar mass of reactant) x (mole ratio product/reactant) x (molar mass of product/1 mol product). The molar mass of H2 gas is equal to 2 grams.
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what atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between c2 and h in acetylene, c2h2? (c2 is the second carbon in the structure as written.)
Answers
The sigma bond between C2 and H in acetylene (C2H2) is formed by the overlap of the atomic orbitals of the two atoms.
The atomic orbital on the carbon atom is a hybridized sp2 orbital that has three lobes of equal size and is oriented in the plane of the molecule. The atomic orbital on the hydrogen atom is a 1s orbital, which is a spherical orbital that has no directional preference.
When the sp2 orbital on the carbon atom overlaps with the 1s orbital on the hydrogen atom, a sigma bond is formed.
This type of overlap results in a strong bond between the two atoms, which is necessary to form the stable structure of acetylene.
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the reaction of an aldehyde and acetone can also be catalyzed by acid. write a detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed aldol condensation of acetone and cinnamaldehyde.
Answers
The acid-catalyzed aldol condensation of acetone and cinnamaldehyde involves the formation of a carbon-carbon bond between the carbonyl group of acetone and the α-carbon of cinnamaldehyde.
This reaction is a key step in the synthesis of β-hydroxy ketones. The acid catalyst facilitates the reaction by protonating the carbonyl oxygen of acetone and the α-carbon of cinnamaldehyde, making them more electrophilic.
In the mechanism, the acid catalyst (typically a strong acid like sulfuric acid) donates a proton to the carbonyl oxygen of acetone, generating an oxonium ion. The α-carbon of cinnamaldehyde is also protonated by the acid catalyst, creating a resonance-stabilized cation. The nucleophilic enolate ion formed from deprotonation of the α-carbon of acetone attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon of cinnamaldehyde, leading to the formation of an alkoxide ion intermediate. Proton transfer then occurs, converting the alkoxide ion into the β-hydroxy ketone product. Finally, the acid catalyst is regenerated through deprotonation by water.
The acid-catalyzed aldol condensationof acetone and cinnamaldehyde involves the acid-catalyzed formation of an enolate ion from acetone and protonation of the α-carbon of cinnamaldehyde. The nucleophilic enolate ion then attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon of cinnamaldehyde, resulting in the formation of an alkoxide ion intermediate. Proton transfer and subsequent deprotonation yield the desired β-hydroxy ketone product, with the acid catalyst being regenerated in the process.
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Someone help me am i right or wrong
Answers
Answer:
You right!
Explanation:
Answer: Yes your right
Do chemical formulas have charge even though they may be made from ions
Answers
Why do you think it is important to record your data with all the decimals provided by the instruments even if they are zero? how does this help with data analysis?
Answers
It is important to record your data with all the decimals provided by the instruments even if they are zero because it increases the accuracy of the measurement.
What is accuracy in experimentation?Accuracy refers to the ability to take correct measurement values during a specific experiment and/or observational procedure.
Accuracy is a fundamental issue in data analysis and helps to obtain conclusions from a given experimental procedure.
In conclusion, it is important to record your data with all the decimals provided by the instruments even if they are zero because it increases the accuracy of the measurement.
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The correct name for P2O5 is
a
b
phosphorus(ll) oxide
phosphorus(five) oxide
diphosphorus oxide
diphosphorus pentoxide
С
d
Answers
ANSWER
p2O5 is diphosphorus pentoxide.
what is the amount of molecules in 5 moles of nitrogen gas, N2?
Answers
The amount of molecules= 3.01 x 10²⁴
Further explanationGiven
5 moles of N2
Required
The number of molecules
Solution
The mole is the number of particles(molecules, atoms, ions) contained in a substance
1 mol = 6.02.10²³ particles
Can be formulated
N=n x No
N = number of particles
n = mol
No = Avogadro's = 6.02.10²³
For 5 moles :
= 5 x 6.02 x 10²³
= 3.01 x 10²⁴
The enthalpy of vaporization of methanol is 35. 27 kJ mol-1 at its normal boiling point of 64. 1°C. Calculate (a) the entropy of vaporization of methanol at this temperature and (b) the entropy change of the surroundings
Answers
Answer:
influence of a business invironment
how many electrons does hydrogen need in order to have a full shell of valence electrons?
Answers
Answer:
One
Explanation:
In a hydrogen atom, the first outer shell only consists of two valence electrons, because it would already have one, the atom only needs one more.
It requires two electrons to completely occupy its outer shell, it frequently forms a single covalent bond with another atom. Because of this configuration, hydrogen can gain access to two electrons and completely occupy its valence shell.
What is Hydrogen?Hydrogen adheres to the duet rule because it only requires two electrons to completely occupy its valence shell. It deviates from the octet rule. Hydrogen only needs to form one bond. Because of this, H is always a terminal atom and never a central atom. Hydrogen is a chemical element with the symbol H and the atomic number 1.Hydrogen is the lightest element. Under normal conditions, hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules with the formula H2. It is colorless, odourless, tasteless, non-toxic, and extremely flammable. Hydrogen is a more environmentally friendly alternative to methane, also known as natural gas. It is the most abundant chemical element, accounting for 75% of the universe's mass. Water, plants, animals, and, of course, humans contain massive amounts of hydrogen atoms.To learn more about valence electron refer to:
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Consider the following list of substances. Separate the list into substances
that corrode and substances that do not corrode.
Glass
Sodium
Magnesium
Sandstone
Calcium carbonate
Plastic
Sulfur
Calcium
Aluminium
Zinc
Answers
Answer:
Corrode substances; glass sodium magnicium calcium zinc
Can you identify which of the following statements about chemical cycling and energy flow are true and which are false
Answers
- True: Chemical cycling involves the recycling of nutrients and elements within ecosystems.
- True: Energy flow refers to the transfer of energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem.
Chemical cycling is a vital process in ecosystems as it allows nutrients and elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus to be reused. These elements are taken up by organisms, incorporated into their tissues, and then released back into the environment through processes like decomposition and excretion.
This continuous cycling ensures the availability of essential nutrients for different organisms in the ecosystem. Energy flow, on the other hand, describes how energy is transferred between organisms within an ecosystem. It starts with the capture of energy by primary producers (plants, algae) through photosynthesis.
This energy is then passed on to herbivores that consume the producers, and subsequently to carnivores that eat the herbivores. At each trophic level, energy is transferred but not 100% efficient due to losses in the form of heat and waste products. Therefore, energy flow is unidirectional, with energy ultimately being lost as heat.
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describe the coordinated regulation of glycogen metabolism in response to the hormone glucagon. Be sure to include which enzyme are regulated and how
Answers
Glycogen metabolism is regulated by two hormones, insulin, and glucagon. When the glucose level in the body is high, insulin is secreted from the pancreas, and when the glucose level is low, glucagon is secreted.
Let us describe the coordinated regulation of glycogen metabolism in response to the hormone glucagon. This regulation leads to the breakdown of glycogen in the liver and the release of glucose into the bloodstream. The breakdown of glycogen is carried out by the following enzymes, regulated by the hormone glucagon:
Phosphorylase kinase: The activity of this enzyme is increased by glucagon. The increased activity leads to the activation of the phosphorylase enzyme, which is responsible for the cleavage of glucose molecules from the glycogen chain. The cleaved glucose molecules then get converted into glucose-1-phosphate.
Glycogen phosphorylase: This enzyme is responsible for the cleavage of glucose molecules from the glycogen chain. Glucagon increases the activity of phosphorylase kinase, which in turn increases the activity of glycogen phosphorylase.
Enzyme debranching: Glucagon also activates the debranching enzyme, which removes the branches of the glycogen chain. The removed branches are then converted into glucose molecules that are released into the bloodstream.
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If the amount of gas and temperature are constant and you double the volume of the gas,
Answers
Explanation:
pressure decrease and collision decreases
what quantity in moles of c₂h₅oh are there in 45.0 ml of 0.250 m c₂h₅oh?
Answers
There are 0.01125 moles of C₂H₅OH in 45.0 mL of 0.250 M C₂H₅OH.
To find the quantity in moles of C₂H₅OH, we can use the formula:
moles = concentration (in mol/L) × volume (in L)
First, we need to convert the volume from milliliters to liters:
45.0 mL = 45.0/1000 L = 0.045 L
Now we can plug in the values:
moles = 0.250 mol/L × 0.045 L = 0.01125 mol
Therefore, there are 0.01125 moles of C₂H₅OH in 45.0 mL of 0.250 M C₂H₅OH.
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Look at the following equation.
Au O3 → _Au +_02
In order to follow the law of conservation of mass, this equation must have which set of coefficients, in order from left to right?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation: possible oxidation numbers of Au are +I and +III
Au2O3 ⇒ 2 Au + 3 O2
What Newton’s law is this a example of:
When a bullet is fired from a rifle through a small explosion. The rifle shooting the bullet is pushed backwards after the explosion.
Answers
Answer:
Newton's third law
Explanation:
every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
How is protein synthesis affected if the normal base sequence CCC In the DNA template strand is changed to GAC? Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. -Gly -Ala -Glu -Pro -Leu -Asp -Val -Tyr ADNA base sequence of CCC produces the mRNA codon that codes for ___.The mutation GAC produces the mRNA codon that codes for___. Since their R groups are different, the mutation could cause structural problems in the new Pro protein.
Answers
DNA base sequence of CCC produces the mRNA codon that codes for r Asp amino acid. The mutation GAC produces the mRNA codon that codes for Glycine (Gly) amino acid. Since their R groups are different, the mutation could cause structural problems in the new Pro protein.
Protein synthesis is affected if the normal base sequence CCC in the DNA template strand is changed to GAC. When the normal base sequence CCC in the DNA template strand is changed to GAC, protein synthesis is affected.
This is because the new DNA template sequence is GAC, which is then transcribed into a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence with a corresponding GAC codon that codes for Asp amino acid instead of Pro. As a result, the protein sequence changes and a new protein is produced with a different amino acid sequence.
In detail, the normal DNA base sequence CCC codes for Proline (Pro) amino acid. CCC is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) codon GGG that codes for Glycine (Gly) amino acid. If the DNA base sequence CCC is mutated into GAC, the new mRNA codon is GAC, which codes for Aspartic acid (Asp) amino acid instead of Proline (Pro).
This changes the sequence of amino acids in the protein chain, causing structural problems if the substitution of the amino acid affects the folding of the protein. For instance, the substitution of Pro to Asp in the protein sequence might lead to structural problems.
This is because Proline has a unique ring structure that helps the protein maintain a particular shape. The aspartic acid has a carboxyl group, which could cause structural problems in the protein chain. Additionally, the change in the amino acid sequence might affect the protein's biological function and cause an alteration in its physiological properties.
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