convert the following to standard notation
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Mg, Br and As are reduced species and O, V and N are oxidized species. The total number of electron tranferred in the given equation are +2, +1 and +2.

Oxidation state refers as the hypothetical charge carried by an atom if all of the bonds with different atoms were completely ionic. The oxidation state may be negative, zero or positive.

2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO

Oxidation state of Mg = +2.

It is oxidation reaction.

Mg is oxidized in this reaction.

The total number of electron tranferred is +2.

2VCL4 + 8HBr → 2VBr3 + 8HCL + Br₂

Oxidation state of V in VCl4 = +4

Oxidation state of V in VBr3 = +3

Since, electron are gained. So, it is reduction reaction.

VCl4 is reduced.

The total number of electron tranferred is +1.

As₂O3 + 2HNO3 + 2H₂O → 2H3AsO4 + N₂O3

Oxidation state of As in As₂O3 = +3

Oxidation state of As in H3AsO4 = +5

Since, electrons are lose. So it is Oxidized.

And N is reduced.

The total number of electron tranferred is +2.

Thus, we concluded that Mg, Br and As are reduced species and O, V and N are oxidized species. The total number of electron tranferred in the given equation are +2, +1 and +2.

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Answer:

The answer is SnCI4.

Explanation:

Answer:

it is a

cause it is and cause i'm right

To convert acetone (propanone) to propanal, you can use a two-step process involving reduction and oxidation reactions. Here's a general outline of the process:

1. Reduction of Acetone to Isopropanol:

First, you need to reduce acetone to isopropanol (2-propanol) using a reducing agent. Common reducing agents for this step include sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) or lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH₄).

Reaction conditions:

- Acetone + NaBH₄ (or LiAlH₄) → Isopropanol

- Solvent: usually an alcohol (e.g., methanol or ethanol) or an ether (e.g., THF)

- Temperature: room temperature or slightly above

2. Oxidation of Isopropanol to Propanal:

Next, oxidize isopropanol to propanal using an appropriate oxidizing agent. A common oxidizing agent for this step is pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), which selectively oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes without over-oxidizing to carboxylic acids.

Reaction conditions:

- Isopropanol + PCC → Propanal

- Solvent: an aprotic polar solvent (e.g., dichloromethane)

- Temperature: room temperature

- Avoid strong oxidizing agents like potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) or chromium trioxide (CrO₃) because they can over-oxidize the isopropanol to propionic acid.

Answer:

63.45g of I₂ can be produced

Explanation:

IF₅ reacts with IF to produce IF₇ and I₂. The reaction is:

IF₅ + 2 IF → IF₇ + I₂

Moles of 10.0g of IF₅ (221.89g/mol):

10.0g IF₅ × (1mol / 221.89g) = 0.0451 moles of IF₅

Using PV / RT = n, it is possible to find moles of 11.20L of IF, thus:

1atm×11.20L / 0.082atmL/molK × 273K = 0.500 moles of IF.

At STP, pressure is 1atm, temperature is 273K and gas constant R is 0.082atmL/molK

For a complete reaction of IF₅ you need:

0.0451 moles of IF₅ × (2 moles IF / 1 mole IF₅) = 0.902 moles of IF. As you have just 0.500 moles of IF, the IF is the limiting reactant.

2 moles of IF produce 1 mole of I₂. 0.500 moles of IF produce:

0.500mol IF ₓ ( 1 mol I₂ / 2 mol IF) = 0.250 mol I₂

As molar mass of I₂ is 253.81g/mol, mass of 0.250 mol I₂ are:

0.250mol I₂ ₓ (253.81g / mol) =

As per the balanced equation of the reaction one mole of Mg give s one mole of H2. 1.10 g of magnesium is 0.045 moles. Thus it gives 0.045 moles of H2 which is 1.02 litres.

Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound formed by the reaction of magnesium metal with two moles of hydrochloric acid. The reaction also produce one mole  hydrogen gas.

The atomic mass of magnesium is 24 g/mol. Thus number of moles in 1.10 g is 1.10/24 = 0.045 moles.

As per the reaction equation one mole of magnesium gives one mole of hydrogen gas. Thus 0.045 moles of magnesium gives 0.045 moles of hydrogen gas.

At STP, the volume of one mole of any gas will be equal to 22.4 L. Thus volume of 0.045 moles of hydrogen at STP is:

volume = 0.045 × 22.4

             =1.02 L.

Hence, the volume of hydrogen produce here is 1.02 L.

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The concentration of the acid is \(0.25 M\).

Titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by reacting it with a standardized solution of known concentration.

The titration formula can be given by,

(Volume of the Base) \(\times\) (Normality of the Base) = (Volume of the Acid) \(\times\) (Normality of the Acid)

\(\Rightarrow V_1N_1=V_2N_2\)

Given, the volume of the base (\(NaOH\)), \(V_1 =25 ml\).

The concentration of the base (\(NaOH\)), \(M_1=0.5 M\).

The equivalence of the base (\(NaOH\)) is \(1\).

Hence, the normality of the base (\(NaOH\)), \(N_1=\frac{0.5}{1}N=0.5N\).

Given, the volume of the acid (\(HCl\)), \(V_2 =50 ml\).

Let us assume that the normality of the acid (\(HCl\)) \(N_2\).

Substitute the values in the given formula of titration.

\((25\times0.5)=(50 \times N_2)\\\Rightarrow 12.5=50N_2\\\Rightarrow N_2=\frac{12.5}{50} N\\\Rightarrow N_2=0.25 N\)

Hence, the normality of the acid (\(HCl\)), \(N_2=0.25 N\).

The equivalence of the acid (\(HCl\)) is \(1\).

Therefore, the concentration of the acid, \(M_1=\frac{0.25}{1}=0.25 M\).

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Answer:

Explanation:

wavelength λ = 12.4 x 10⁻² m .

energy of one photon = h c / λ

= 6.6 x 10⁻³⁴ x 3 x 10⁸ /  12.4 x 10⁻²

= 1.6 x 10⁻²⁴ J .

Let density of coffee be equal to density of water .

mass of coffee = 255 x 1 = 255 g

heat required to heat up coffee = mass x specific heat x rise in temp

= 255 x 4.18 x ( 62-25 )

= 39438.3 J  .

No of photons required = heat energy required / energy of one photon

= 39438.3 / 1.6 x 10⁻²⁴

= 24649 x 10²⁴

= 24.65 x 10²⁷ .

Answer:

15. Critical angle of glass and water combination, θ = 62.45°

16. Critical angle for the interface between Mystery A and glass, θ = 37.93°

Note; The question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows:

Medium Air Water Glass Mystery A Mystery B Table-2 Speed (m/s) 1.00 C 0.75 c 0.67 0.41 c 0.71 c n 1.00 1.33 1.50 Index of Refraction n of a given medium is defined as the ratio of speed of light in vacuum, c to the speed of light in a medium, v. n = c/v

Table-4: Incident Angle (degrees) Reflected Angle Refracted angle (degrees) (degrees) % Intensity of reflected ray 0 10 20 30 40 50 N/A N/A N/A 30 40 50 0 11.3 22.7 34.2 46.3 59.5 N/A N/A N/A 0.67 1.22 3.08 % Intensity of refracted ray 100 100 100 99.33 98.78 96.92

When rays travel from a denser medium to a less dense medium, we can define a critical angle of incidence θ such that refracted angle θ₂ = 90°. Applying Snell's law: Critical angle θ = sin-1(n₂/n₁).

When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, 100% of the light intensity is reflected. This is called total internal reflection because all the light is reflected.

15. Calculate the critical angle of glass and water combination. Show your calculation.

16. What is the critical angle for the interface between Mystery A and glass?

Explanation:

15.  Applying Snell's law; Critical angle θ = sin-1(n₂/n₁).

where n₂,refractive index of water = 1.33, n₁, refractive index of glass = 1.50 since glass is denser than water

θ = sin-1(1.33/1.50)

θ = 62.45°

Critical angle of glass and water combination, θ = 62.45°

16.  Refractive index of mystery A , n = c/v

where v = 0.41 c

therefore, n = c / 0.41 c = 2.44

Critical angle for the interface between Mystery A and glass, θ = sin-1(n₂/n₁).

where n₂,refractive index of glass = 1.50, n₁, refractive index of mystery A = 2.44 since mystery A is denser than glass as seen from its refractive index

θ = sin-1(1.50/2.44)

θ = 37.93°

Critical angle for the interface between Mystery A and glass, θ = 37.93°

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Answer:

A. BaCl2(aq) + K2O(aq) → BaO(s) + 2KCl(aq)

B. It's a double displacement reaction ( metathesis)

C. The formation of a new substance with new properties

Explanation:

A. The complete balanced chemical equation, including phase labels, for the reaction described is:

BaCl2(aq) + K2O(aq) → BaO(s) + 2KCl(aq)

B. The type of reaction that has occurred is a double displacement or metathesis reaction. In this type of reaction, the cations and anions of two ionic compounds switch places, resulting in the formation of two new compounds. In this case, the barium cation (Ba2+) from barium chloride (BaCl2) switches places with the potassium cation (K+) from potassium oxide (K2O) to form solid barium oxide (BaO) and aqueous potassium chloride (KCl).

C. The indicator that tells you a chemical reaction has occurred is the formation of a new substance with new properties. In this case, the aqueous solutions of barium chloride and potassium oxide react to form solid barium oxide and aqueous potassium chloride, which have different physical and chemical properties than the original reactants. For example, barium oxide is a white solid that does not dissolve in water, whereas barium chloride and potassium oxide are both soluble in water. Additionally, the formation of a solid product (barium oxide) indicates that a chemical reaction has occurred, as opposed to a physical change like a change in state or solubility.

Answer:  I found a image to lewis structure for the molecule N2O.

I think this might help you to draw a lewis structure.

Explanation:

Answer:

1 mole of any ideal gas occupies the same volume as one mole of any other ideal gas under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.So 1 L CO2 has same number of moles as 1 L O2 and 1 L N2 etc.This means that, assuming all the gases in air are ideal gases, if CO2 is 4.0 % by volume then it is also 4.0 % by moles, because a volume of each gas has the same number of moles.

Explanation:

Answer:

Metalloids and ions

Explanation:

Mercury is not solid at room temperature. (Metals)

Many nonmetals aren't good at conducting electricity. Oxygen for example. (Nonmetals)

Metalloids are always solid at room temp and are fair conductors. (Metalloids)

Ions are same as metalloids. (Ions)

PLS GIVE BRAINLIEST

Answer:

number 3

Explanation:

In isotopes the number of protons and electrons is always the same since they are isotopes of the same element. If the number of protons in atom "a" is different than in atom "b" then these are 2 different elements.

Isotopes have the same number of electrons and protons but a different number if neutrons.

The balanced nuclear equation for the beta decay of 234/90Th can be represented as follows: ^234/90Th --> ^234/91Pa + e^0/-1β

In this equation, the nucleus of thorium-234 (234/90Th) undergoes beta decay. During beta decay, a neutron within the nucleus is converted into a proton, resulting in the emission of an electron (beta particle). As a result, the thorium-234 nucleus is transformed into protactinium-234 (234/91Pa) by gaining one proton.

The beta particle emitted during the decay process is represented as e^0/-1β, where the superscript 0 denotes that the electron has no charge (neutral), and the subscript -1 indicates that the electron carries a negative charge of -1.

It is important to note that in a nuclear equation, the total atomic mass and atomic number on both sides of the equation must be equal to maintain a balanced equation and conserve mass and charge.

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Psychology is useful in explaining current behavior and predicting future behavior.

Psychology is an empirical investigation of the intellect and conduct, encompassing a vast scope of subjects such as cognitive processes, affective states, volition, individual traits, and interpersonal dynamics.

Psychologists employ a diverse array of approaches to examine behavior, including careful observation, in-depth interviews, comprehensive surveys, and controlled experiments.

By discerning the underlying determinants, psychology serves as a tool to elucidate present conduct. These determinants may involve biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences.

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Enantiomers are chiral molecules that are non-superimposable mirror images of  other. stereoisomers of their non-superimposable nature, enantiomers will rotate plane-polarized light, but in opposite directions.

The correct answer is B,C

Chiral compounds that are mirror reflections of one another are called enantiomers. Moreover, the molecules cannot be superimposed on one another. The molecules can indeed be stacked on top of each other to produce another identical molecule. Substances of chiral metal complexes one or so more central file are possible.

Covalently, enantiomers are identical. Enantiomers connect to atoms in exactly the same ways. They produce opposing light bending. Enantiomers are distinct molecules with discrete spatial arrangements.

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Answer:76 grams

Explanation:

Fe+H₂SO₄-->FeSO₄+H₂

For one mole of Fe we get 1 mole of feso4, therefore for 0.5 moles of Fe we get 0.5 moles of feso4.

The molar mass of feso4 is AFe+AS+4AO(A is atomic mass)

56+32+4*16=152grams/mole

Now, we need to multiply the number of moles by the molar mass to get the mass that reacts

152*0.5=76 grams

Answer

pH = 8.12

Explanation

pH = -log [H+]

pH = -log [7.60 x 10^-9 M]

pH = 8.12

Answer:

White school glue is liquid because its long polymers can slide over and along one another. It does not flow easily, though; it is quite viscous. The addition of some chemicals—such as a borax solution (or sodium tetraborate decahydrate dissolved in water)—can cause cross-links to form between the polymers.

Explanation:

Answer:

It is a liquid :]

Answer:

The variables in Gay-Lussac's law are the initial temperature (T1), the initial pressure (P1), the final temperature (T2) and the final pressure (P2)....

Explanation:

1. Oxygen is a reactant needed for all combustion reactions.

2. The products of the complete combustion reaction of a hydrocarbon (compound containing carbon and hydrogen) are carbon dioxide and water.

3. Complete combustion takes place if the quantity of oxygen is sufficient.

4. Incomplete combustion takes place if the quantity of oxygen is insufficient.

5. Combustion is a exothermic change.

6. In a combustion reaction, oxygen is the oxidizer and the substance which burns is the fuel.

7. The lower the kindling temperature, the easier is the combustion.

8. If a substance burns at room temperature in the absence of a flame the combustion is said to be spontaneous.

9. Combustion reactions are accompanied by heat and light effect.

10. Combustion reactions don't take place at the same rate.

1)Oxygen is a reactant needed for all combustion reactions. Combustion reactions are chemical reactions that involve the rapid combination of a fuel (usually a hydrocarbon) with oxygen gas. Oxygen acts as the oxidizing agent, providing the necessary component for the reaction to occur. Without oxygen, combustion cannot take place.

2)The products of the complete combustion reaction of a hydrocarbon are carbon dioxide and water. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, hydrocarbons undergo complete combustion, resulting in the production of carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) and water (\(H_2O\)). This reaction releases a significant amount of energy in the form of heat and light.

3)Complete combustion takes place if the quantity of oxygen is sufficient. Complete combustion occurs when there is an adequate supply of oxygen available for the reaction. In this case, the fuel (hydrocarbon) reacts completely with oxygen, resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide and water as the only products

4)Incomplete combustion takes place if the quantity of oxygen is limited. In situations where there is insufficient oxygen available, incomplete combustion occurs. This leads to the formation of products such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon (soot) in addition to carbon dioxide and water. Incomplete combustion is less efficient and can release harmful pollutants into the environment.

5)Combustion is a chemical change. Combustion is classified as a chemical change because it involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds between atoms and molecules. The reactants (fuel and oxygen) undergo a chemical reaction to produce new substances (products) with different properties, such as carbon dioxide and water. Heat and light are also typically released during combustion.

6)In a combustion reaction, oxygen is the oxidizer, and the substance that burns is the fuel or combustible material. Oxygen acts as the oxidizing agent, meaning it accepts electrons from the fuel, leading to the oxidation (burning) of the fuel. The fuel provides the carbon and hydrogen atoms that combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.

7)The lower the kindling temperature, the easier the combustion. The kindling temperature is the minimum temperature at which a substance can ignite and sustain combustion. If the kindling temperature is lower, it means that less heat is required to initiate the combustion process. Substances with lower kindling temperatures are more prone to catching fire and sustaining combustion.

8)If a substance burns at room temperature in the absence of a flame, the combustion is said to be spontaneous. Spontaneous combustion refers to the ignition and burning of a substance without the need for an external ignition source, such as a flame. It occurs when certain materials, under specific conditions, undergo self-heating and eventually reach their ignition temperature, leading to combustion.

9)Combustion reactions are accompanied by heat and light effects. Combustion reactions are highly exothermic, meaning they release a significant amount of heat energy. This energy is released in the form of heat and light, resulting in flames or glowing embers during combustion.

10)Combustion reactions don't take place at the same rate for all substances. The rate of combustion can vary depending on factors such as the nature of the fuel, the availability of oxygen, temperature, and pressure. Different substances have different combustion rates due to variations in their chemical properties and reactivity.

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Answer:900j

Explanation:

Answer:

The cell potential for the given galvanic cell is 0.188 V.

Explanation:

To calculate the cell potential, we can use the Nernst equation:

Ecell = E°cell - (RT/nF)ln(Q)

where E°cell is the standard cell potential, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K), T is the temperature in Kelvin (25°C = 298 K), n is the number of moles of electrons transferred (in this case, n = 2), F is the Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol), and Q is the reaction quotient.

First, we need to write the half-reactions and their standard reduction potentials:

Sn4+(aq) + 2e- → Sn2+(aq) E°red = 0.15 V

Fe3+(aq) + e- → Fe2+(aq) E°red = 0.77 V

The overall reaction is the sum of the half-reactions:

Sn2+(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq) → Sn4+(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq)

The reaction quotient Q can be expressed as:

Q = [Sn4+][Fe2+]^2 / [Sn2+][Fe3+]^2

Substituting the given concentrations, we get:

Q = (0.00655)(0.01139)^2 / (0.0624)(0.0437)^2 = 0.209

Now we can calculate the cell potential:

Ecell = 0.15 V + 0.0592 V log([Fe2+]^2/[Fe3+]) + 0.0592 V log([Sn4+]/[Sn2+])

= 0.15 V + 0.0592 V log(0.01139^2/0.0437^2) + 0.0592 V log(0.00655/0.0624)

= 0.188 V

Therefore, the cell potential for the given galvanic cell is 0.188 V.

The cell potential for the given galvanic cell in which the given reaction occurs at 25 °C is 0.188 V.

To find the cell potential, we take the Nernst equation:

Ecell = E°cell - (RT/nF)ln(Q)

In which R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K) and E° cell is the standard cell potential.

T temperature in Kelvin (25°C = 298 K), and n is the number of moles of electrons transferred (n = 2), Q is the reaction quotient and F is the Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol).

Firstly, write the half-reactions and then their standard reduction potentials:

Sn⁴⁺(aq) + 2e⁻  → Sn²⁺(aq) E°red = 0.15 V

Fe³⁺(aq) + e⁻ → Fe²⁺(aq) E°red = 0.77 V

The overall reaction is the sum of the half-reactions:

Sn²⁺(aq) + 2Fe³⁺(aq) → Sn⁴⁺(aq) + 2Fe²⁺(aq)

The Q reaction quotient can be written as:

Q = [Sn⁴⁺][Fe²⁺]² ÷ [Sn²⁺][Fe²⁺]²

Substituting the given concentrations, we observe:

Q = (0.00655)(0.01139)² ÷ (0.0624)(0.0437)² = 0.209

Next, we can find the cell potential:

Ecell = 0.15 V + 0.0592 V log([Fe²⁺]²/[Fe³⁺]) + 0.0592 V log([Sn⁴⁺]/[Sn²⁺])

= 0.15 V + 0.0592 V log(0.01139²÷0.0437²) + 0.0592 V log(0.00655÷0.0624)

= 0.188 V

Thus, the cell potential for the given galvanic cell is 0.188 V.

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Christopher is a suspect who left his bloody fingerprints on the steering wheel of his car. A forensic scientist would transfer blood stains.

The most frequent sort of bloodstain pattern found at crime scenes is impact spatter. When anything touches a blood source, it happens. The blood in impact blood spatter patterns is frequently circular rather than elongated. Impact spatter comes in two varieties are rear spatter and forward spatter.

The crime scene team used an immunochromatographic technique to identify human blood qualitatively. Such testing is meant to be used sparingly at crime scenes when the human origin of suspected bloodstains is in doubt and when it is urgent to determine if the bloodstains are of human origin.

Thus, option A is correct.

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To obtain salt from a mixture of salt and sand, the mixture is filtered, then dissolved in water, and finally, water is made to evaporate leaving the sand. So, option C is the correct answer.

Sand and salt mixture consists of soluble and insoluble components. Salt is soluble in water while sand is not. The sand from this mixture can be separated using filtration, a method of filtering insoluble components from a solvent, typically using filter paper or various mediums in an industrial process. This way sand is separated from the mixture.

However, there will be minute particles that may not be filtered but are mostly insoluble. So, the mixture is mixed in water where salt dissolves leaving the other impurities that are insoluble.

The salt water is then heated so that water evaporates leaving only the salt behind. In this way, only salt is obtained.

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6.02 x \(10^{20\) formula units of MgCl₂ is equal to 0.1 moles of MgCl₂.

To convert formula units of MgCl₂ to moles of MgCl₂, we need to use Avogadro's number, which relates the number of formula units to the number of moles.

Avogadro's number (NA) is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 formula units per mole.

Given that we have 6.02 x 10^20 formula units of MgCl₂, we can set up a conversion factor to convert to moles:

(6.02 x 10^20 formula units MgCl₂) * (1 mol MgCl₂ / (6.022 x 10^23 formula units MgCl₂))

The formula units of MgCl₂ cancel out, and we are left with moles of MgCl₂:

(6.02 x 10^20) * (1 mol / 6.022 x 10^23) = 0.1 mol

Therefore, 6.02 x 10^20 formula units of MgCl₂ is equal to 0.1 moles of MgCl₂.

It's important to note that this conversion assumes that each formula unit of MgCl₂ represents one mole of MgCl₂. This is based on the stoichiometry of the compound, where there is one mole of MgCl₂ for every one formula unit.

Additionally, this conversion is valid for any substance, not just MgCl₂, as long as you know the value of Avogadro's number and the number of formula units or particles you have.

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