Electron Transport Chain, Oxidative phosphorylation sample problems

How many Co-enzyme Q molecules will be needed to oxidize one molecule of NADH, or one molecule of FADH2.
Fe++/Fe+++ plays a major role in the transfer of electrons from one molecule to other during mitochondrial ETC and many complexes and proteins have either Fe-S centres or heme rings, but Fe++ in each protein has different reduction potential. Why and how is this achieved?
How many cytochrome c molecules are reduced during the transfer of electrons from one CoQ molecule (QH2) in complex III?

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

Have a nice day :),and hope this helps

Answer: B. insulin and human growth hormone.

Explanation:

Answer:

Magma.

Explanation:

This magma can push through holes or cracks in the crust, causing a volcanic eruption. When magma flows or erupts onto Earth's surface, it is called lava. Like solid rock, magma is a mixture of minerals.

The liver and  The process used by the ribosome to effect cell division. Therefore, option (E) and (C) are correct.

The liver has specific receptors for galactose, such as the asialoglycoprotein receptor, which allows galactose-conjugated molecules to selectively bind and be taken up by hepatocytes in the liver.

Translation is the process used by the ribosome to convert the information stored in RNA into proteins. During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and assembles amino acids into a polypeptide chain according to the genetic code, leading to protein synthesis.

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The experiment carried out by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty in 1944 established that DNA is the genetic material that carries genetic information. This experiment was conducted on the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is a pathogen that causes pneumonia in humans.

This bacterium can exist in two forms, a rough strain and a smooth strain. The S strain is surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule, while the R strain does not have a capsule. When mice were injected with the S strain, they developed pneumonia and died.

On the other hand, the mice injected with the R strain were healthy.The researchers used enzymes to degrade proteins, RNA, and DNA from the heat-killed S strain. They then added the three enzymes to the living R strain and found that the transformation still occurred, indicating that none of the enzymes destroyed the transforming ability.

They then repeated the experiment with different enzyme combinations and found that when DNase was added to the living R strain, the transformation did not occur. This finding led them to conclude that DNA is the genetic material that carries genetic information.

Therefore, the fact that the transforming capacity of the IIIS cell extract was not abolished by treatment with RNase proves that RNA does not function as the genetic material in the IIIS cells (Diplococcus pneumoniae). Hence, option (D) is the correct answer.

This experiment provided important evidence that DNA is the genetic material that carries genetic information and paved the way for future genetic research.

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Answer:

it's C

Explanation:

if you look at the chart on the graph under human activities they are higher than natural processes which means human activity is having a bigger affect on global warming than natural processes.

Answer:

Cellular differentiation is the process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types.

Answer: Cellular differentiation

Explanation:

Answer:

The term living thing refers to things that are now or once were alive. A non-living thing is anything that was never alive. In order for something to be classified as living, it must grow and develop, use energy, reproduce, be made of cells, respond to its environment, and adapt.

Contraction fitness is an critical a part of bodily and intellectual fitness.

It is a key a part of our identification as humans collectively with the essential human rights to privacy, a own circle of relatives life, and dwelling unfastened from discriminatio .

Contraction fitness is a large a part of life. It can have an effect on and is tormented by different factors of fitness. This consists of bodily, intellectual, emotional, and social fitness.

Being in accurate contract fitness method you're properly informed, careful, and respectful to your self and others. Inform them approximately the terrible outcomes of youngsterager intercourse for each bodily and intellectual fitness. Also, tell them of the contract transmitted illnesses inclusive of aids, HIV, and so forth from such unprotected sexual activity.

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Answer:

Haploid describes a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. The term haploid can also refer to the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells, which are also called gametes. In humans, gametes are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes, each of which a one of a chromosome pair that exists in diplod cells.

Answer: Transverse waves are always characterized by particle motion being perpendicular to wave motion. A longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction parallel to the direction that the wave moves. Examples of transverse waves include vibrations on a string and ripples on the surface of water. We can make a horizontal transverse wave by moving the slinky vertically up and down. In a longitudinal wave the particles are displaced parallel to the direction the wave travels. brainliest??

Explanation:

I. soil

Soil is NOT a renewable resource that is frequentl transformed into energy.

If we shorter the wavelength then the frequency will be also high having high energy.

If we high the value of the amplitude, the energy will also go high, because the waves carry energy. The amount of energy they carry is related to their frequency and amplitude. If the frequency is higher, then it has more energy, and the higher the amplitude, the more energy.

We know that if we shorter the wavelength then the frequency will be high also with the energy. The longer the wavelength the frequency and the energy will be low. So that's why shorter wavelengths carry more energy than longer wavelengths. The wavelength and the frequency are related to the light and are also related to the energy. The shorter the wavelengths and higher the frequency corresponds with greater energy. So the longer the wavelengths and lower the frequency result in lower energy.

So we can conclude that if we high the amplitude value then the energy will also be high because the waves carry energy.

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The sequence of nucleotides that represents the primer sequence is  5' ACGUUAGG3'.

A primer for RNA is added. In RNA, U's are found where T's would typically be. The template strand is complementary to the RNA primer. T and U are complementary to A, but C and G are mutually exclusive. The complementary primer for the template strand from the second T from the 3' end is 5'-ACGUUAGG-3'.

A primer is a short nucleic acid sequence that acts as the starting point for the production of DNA. Primers are made of short RNA strands in living things. Primase, a subtype of RNA polymerase, is an enzyme that produces a primer before DNA replication can occur.

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Answer:

option C, is correct answer hope it helps

Answer:

I believe the answer is C. most cases viruses need hosts to reproduce and spread, for example the current virus all around the world.

Answer:

14°

Explanation:

in north and south poles it is cold and sunlight does not reach fully

Muscle weakness, intolerance to exercise, decreased hearing and vision, ataxia, seizures, learning difficulties, heart problems, diabetes, and poor growth are the hallmark signs of mitochondrial myopathy.

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Here's a breakdown of the Turkish morphemes corresponding to each of the given translations:

Ocean: The Turkish word for "ocean" is "deniz." In this case, the morpheme is "den-," which represents the root of the word.

From: The Turkish suffix for indicating direction or source is "-den/-dan." It is added to the noun preceding it to indicate movement or origin. For example, "evden" means "from the house."

House: The Turkish word for "house" is "ev." In this case, "ev" is the root morpheme.

Hand: The Turkish word for "hand" is "el." "El" is the root morpheme in this case.

Tooth: The Turkish word for "tooth" is "diş." Similarly, "diş" is the root morpheme.

My: The possessive pronoun "my" in Turkish is expressed by adding the suffix "-im" to the noun it modifies. For example, "evim" means "my house."

In: The Turkish suffix for indicating location is "-de/-da." It is added to the noun preceding it to denote a specific location. For instance, "evde" means "in the house."

Of: The genitive case in Turkish is represented by the suffix "-ın/-in/-ün/-un." It is used to show possession or association. For example, "evin" means "of the house."

Our (plural marker): The plural possessive suffix in Turkish is "-imiz/-ımız/-umuz/-ümüz." It is added to the noun preceding it to indicate possession by multiple people. For instance, "evlerimiz" means "our houses."

These are the Turkish morphemes corresponding to the given translations. It's important to note that Turkish is an agglutinative language, where morphemes are added to a root word to express various grammatical features.

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Answer:

the food chain will be broken

Answer:

Scientists, such as Phoebus Levene, began deconstructing the DNA components. They found that DNA was essentially a long-chain molecule, made up of four different nucleotides, ribose sugar, and phosphate.

Explanation:

pls mark brainliest ;)

You are searching for a mutant cell that is defective in protein glycosylation. You would most likely find such a mutant by looking for cells with defective Golgi apparatus.

The Golgi apparatus can be described as an organelle present in the eukaryotic cells which function in the processing of proteins. The Golgi apparatus is involved in various post-translational functions such as packaging, transporting as well as modification of proteins. Without these post-translational modifications, a protein will not be able to move out of a cell.

Protein glycosylation is a type of post-translational modification that occurs in the Golgi apparatus. Hence, if there is a mutation that causes an error in protein glycosylation, then we know that the Golgi apparatus are the organelles that have been affected as a result of this mutation.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

The purpose of using genetic engineering to develop edible vaccines is to prevent widespread diseases in developing countries without using syringes.

Genetic engineering is the manipulation of genetic material in an organism to achieve a desired trait or characteristic. This is done by modifying the DNA sequence of an organism or by transferring genetic material from one organism to another.

Genetic engineering has numerous applications, including the development of genetically modified crops that are resistant to pests or able to grow in harsh environments, the production of medicines and vaccines using genetically modified organisms, and the creation of transgenic animals used in scientific research.

However, there are also concerns about the safety and ethical implications of genetic engineering, particularly when it involves modifying the genes of humans or the release of genetically modified organisms into the environment.

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The answer to the question is option D) generation of genetic knockout animal models. Recombination of DNA plays a crucial role in several biochemical processes, including the generation of genetic diversity, the integration of viral DNA into a host cell, repair of damaged DNA, and the generation of antibody diversity.

However, generating genetic knockout animal models typically involves the deletion of specific genes through targeted mutagenesis, which is achieved by methods such as CRISPR-Cas9 technology. This process does not typically involve recombination of DNA.D) generation of genetic knockout animal models. Recombination of DNA plays a crucial role in several biochemical processes, including the generation of genetic diversity, the integration of viral DNA into a host cell, repair of damaged DNA, and the generation of antibody diversity.

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Cellulose and starch are macromolecule polysaccharide carbohydrate made of glucose chains. It stabilizes plant cell walls and provides energy. Therefore , option (A) is correct.

Carbohydrates are renowned for their crucial function in plants, which is to provide key sources of energy and carbon skeletons for organic compounds and storage components. Carbohydrates are formed through the process of photosynthesis.

Starches and cellulose are both types of carbohydrates that belong to the larger class of polysaccharides since they are made up of long chains of glucose molecules. Although they are comparable, the human body is only able to make use of starches as a source of energy, whereas cellulose provides structure to plant cell wall.

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Answer:

I need a break and rest

Explanation:

because I am tire

Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency that takes place when abnormal amounts of fluid accumulate in the pericardial sac compressing the heart and leading to a decrease in cardiac output and shock.

Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency that occurs when excessive fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac, compressing the heart and causing a decrease in cardiac output and shock.

Cardiac tamponade occurs when the fluid sac surrounding your heart becomes clogged with blood or other fluid, putting pressure on your heart. Because of the pressure, your heart cannot fill up with blood, reducing the amount of blood it can pump and, as a result, causing a drop in blood pressure.

Cardiac tamponade is frequently a medical emergency, and the pericardial fluid must be removed as soon as possible. Pericardiocentesis is the most common procedure for doing so. To remove the fluid, a needle and a long thin tube (a catheter) are used.

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The first step in calculating the amount of the 2020 dividend that was distributed to preferred shareholders is to determine the total amount of outstanding dividends.

In 2019, West paid a dividend of $4,000, which was presumably distributed to both common and preferred shareholders. In 2020, West paid a dividend of $20,000, so the total amount of outstanding dividends is $24,000 ($4,000 + $20,000). Next, we need to calculate how much of the outstanding dividends were allocated to preferred shareholders. According to the question, West has 10,000 shares of non-cumulative preferred stock with a par value of $10 per share and a dividend rate of 5%. This means that each preferred share is entitled to a dividend of $0.50 ($10 x 5%) per year. The total dividend owed to preferred shareholders is therefore $5,000 ($0.50 x 10,000 shares). Since the outstanding dividends are $24,000 and the amount owed to preferred shareholders is $5,000, the remaining $19,000 must be allocated to common shareholders.

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Answer:

false

Explanation:

This statement is false because the energy pyramid is not only 10% so this is not correct

Hope this helps:)

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Answer: the cell divides.

Explanation: