friction and normal force are examples of
Answers
Answer:
Friction is a force that tends to oppose the relative motion between two bodies in contact. Frictional force always acts on a moving body from the direction opposite to the direction of motion. It opposes the motion, and therefore, helps to reduce the speed of the moving object. It is a contact force.
Related Questions
How many excess electrons must be distributed uniformly within the volume of an isolated plastic sphere 22.0 cmcm in diameter to produce an electric field of 1340 N/CN/C just outside the surface of the sphere?
Answers
Answer:
1.125x10^-10 electrons
Explanation:
Pls see attached file
Scientists think that birds and other animals, such as sea turtles, may use Earth’s magnetic field to help them navigate. Research which animals might find their way using Earth’s magnetic field and investigate the evidence scientists have found that supports the idea. What would happen to the animal if Earth’s magnetic field were reversed?
Answers
Answer:
Magnetoreception (also magnetoception) is a sense which allows an organism to detect a magnetic field to perceive direction, altitude or location. This sensory modality is used by a range of animals for orientation and navigation, and as a method for animals to develop regional maps
Show that any linear association of sinct and coswt, such that x(t) = A₁ coswt + A₂ sinut, with constant A₁ and A2, represents simple harmonic motion.
Answers
To show that any linear association of sinωt and cosωt such that x(t)=A1cosωt+A2sinωt, where A1 and A2 are constants, represents simple harmonic motion, we'll use the trigonometric identity that defines sin(θ+φ) and cos(θ+φ).
In general, we can write the simple harmonic motion equation as:
x(t) = A sin(ωt + φ)where A is the amplitude, ω is the angular frequency, and φ is the phase angle.
Let us write the given equation as:
x(t) = A1cosωt + A2sinωt
Now, let's write sin(ωt + φ) in terms of sinωt and cosωt by using the trigonometric identity:
sin(ωt + φ) = sinωt cosφ + cosωt sinφ
We can compare this equation with x(t) = A1cosωt + A2sinωt and identify the coefficients of cosωt and sinωt as follows:
x(t) = A1cosωt + A2sinωt = A2(cosφ)sinωt + A1sinφcosωt
By comparing coefficients, we can conclude that:
A1 sin φ = A2 cos φorA2/A1 = tan φ
We can also write the amplitude A of the motion as:
A = √(A1² + A2²)
This implies that the amplitude A is constant.
Now we will use the Pythagorean theorem to show that the motion is periodic. Let's square and add both sides of the given equation:
x²(t) = (A1cosωt + A2sinωt)²
= A1²cos²ωt + A2²sin²ωt + 2A1A2cosωt sinωt
= A1² + A2² + 2A1A2 sin(ωt + π/2)
Since sin(ωt + π/2) is a periodic function, the motion is also periodic, as the sum of squares of sine and cosine terms can be written as a sum of sine and cosine functions.
Hence, the linear association of sinωt and cosωt such that x(t)=A1cosωt+A2sinωt,
where A1 and A2 are constants, representing simple harmonic motion.
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Use the circuit diagram to decide if the lightbulb will
light. Justify your answer.
Answers
Answer:
The lightbulb will not turn on because a switch is connected to it in parallel and when it is closed, like it is now, it becomes a short, by-passing the bulb completely.
Answer:
Sample Response: The lightbulb will not light because this is a short circuit. The branch without the bulb has almost no resistance, so all the current will flow through that branch instead of flowing through the bulb.
Explanation:
Edge 2021-2022 :)
If Argon's melting point is -309 degrees then what is its freezing point?
Answers
The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which the substance changes its phase from solid to liquid.
The freezing point is the temperature at which the substance changes its phase from liquid to solid.
The melting point of a substance is the same as the freezing point. That is when the temperature of the substance in the liquid form is increased continuously, the temperature at which the substance turns into a solid is equal to the temperature at which the substance will turn into liquid from solid if the temperature is decreased continuously, from a higher temperature.
Which of the following statements is true?
1.Heat is transferred in solids by convection.
2.Both liquids and gases are fluids.
3.Temperature is the same as heat.
4.Objects moving through air don't experience friction.
Answers
please help and explain how you found your answer.
1. Calculate the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a 3 kg sample of aluminum from 40°C to 95°C if the specific heat capacity is 900 J/kg°C.
2. Copper has a specific heat capacity of 385 J/kg°C. What is the temperature change of a 4.1 kg sample of copper when 780 J of energy is applied?
3. A 1.1 kg piece of iron absorbs 15686 J of energy when the temperature changes from 16°C to 47°C. What is the specific heat capacity of iron?
4. How much heat is removed to lower the temperature of a sample of a 0.778 kg sample of water from 94°C to 26°C if the specific heat capacity of water is 4186 J/kg°C?
5. You are given three metal samples and you apply the same amount of heat to each one. The temperature changes of the samples vary as follows: Sample 1 changes 20°C, Sample 2 changes 35°C, and Sample 3 changes 50°C. Which sample has the highest specific heat capacity and why?
Answers
1. Heat = 3 kg x 900 J/kg°C x (95°C - 40°C) = 27000 J.
2. Change in Temperature = 780 J / (4.1 kg x 385 J/kg°C) = 2.02°C.
3. Specific Heat Capacity = 15686 J / (1.1 kg x (47°C - 16°C)) = 1479.2 J/kg°C.
4. Heat = 0.778 kg x 4186 J/kg°C x (94°C - 26°C) = 200508 J.
5. Sample 3 has the highest specific heat capacity because it has the greatest temperature change for the same amount of heat applied.
What is energy?Energy is the ability to do work, or the capacity to produce an effect. It can be classified into two main forms — kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion, and potential energy, which is stored energy due to an object's position or state.
1: The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a 3 kg sample of aluminium from 40°C to 95°C is 27000 J.
This can be calculated by using the formula: Heat = Mass x Specific Heat Capacity x Change in Temperature.
Therefore, Heat = 3 kg x 900 J/kg°C x (95°C - 40°C) = 27000 J.
2: The temperature change of a 4.1 kg sample of copper when 780 J of energy is applied is 2.02°C.
This can be calculated by using the formula: Change in Temperature = Heat / (Mass x Specific Heat Capacity).
Therefore, Change in Temperature = 780 J / (4.1 kg x 385 J/kg°C) = 2.02°C.
3: The specific heat capacity of iron is 1479.2 J/kg°C.
This can be calculated by using the formula: Specific Heat Capacity = Heat / (Mass x Change in Temperature).
Therefore, Specific Heat Capacity = 15686 J / (1.1 kg x (47°C - 16°C)) = 1479.2 J/kg°C.
4: The amount of heat removed to lower the temperature of a 0.778 kg sample of water from 94°C to 26°C is 200508 J.
This can be calculated by using the formula: Heat = Mass x Specific Heat Capacity x Change in Temperature.
Therefore, Heat = 0.778 kg x 4186 J/kg°C x (94°C - 26°C) = 200508 J.
5: Sample 3 has the highest specific heat capacity because it has the greatest temperature change for the same amount of heat applied. This means that Sample 3 requires more energy to increase its temperature than Samples 1 and 2, thus indicating that it has the highest specific heat capacity.
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(a) a defibrillator connected to a patient passes 11.0 a of current through the torso for 0.0800 s. how much charge moves?
Answers
The answer to your question is 88 C. This can be calculated by multiplying the current (11.0 A) with the time (0.0800 s) to get a charge of 88 C (Coulombs).
Defibrillator
A defibrillator connected to a patient passes 11.0 A of current through the torso for 0.0800 s. The amount of charge that moves can be calculated using the formula Q = I*t, where Q is the charge in coulombs, I is the current in amperes, and t is the time in seconds.
In this case, we have I = 11.0 A and t = 0.0800 s. Plugging these values into the formula gives:
Q = (11.0 A)*(0.0800 s)
Q = 0.88 C
Therefore, the amount of charge that moves through the patient's torso is 0.88 C.
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You have a hoop of charge of radius R and total charge -Q. You place a positron at the center of the hoop and give it a slight nudge in the direction of the central axis that is normal to the plain of the hoop. Due to the negative charge on the hoop, the positron oscillates back and forth. Place a positron a small distance above the plane of the ring and calculate the period of oscillation.
Answers
To calculate the period of oscillation for the positron in the given scenario, we need to consider the forces acting on it and apply the principles of electromagnetism.
The positron experiences an attractive force toward the negatively charged hoop, resulting in an oscillatory motion. The force between two charges can be determined using Coulomb's law:
F = (k * q1 * q2) / r²,
where F is the force, k is the electrostatic constant, q1 and q2 are the charges, and r is the distance between them.
In this case, the positron experiences an attractive force toward the hoop due to the negative charge. However, as the positron moves closer to the hoop, the force decreases, and it increases as the positron moves away.
The positron undergoes simple harmonic motion, and the period of oscillation can be determined using the formula:
T = 2π * √(m / k),
where T is the period, m is the mass of the positron, and k is the effective spring constant.
In this scenario, we can consider the electrostatic force acting as an effective spring force. The spring constant can be calculated using Hooke's law:
k = -F / x,
where F is the force and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position.
Since the positron oscillates back and forth, the displacement is twice the distance from the center of the hoop to the equilibrium position.
By substituting the appropriate values into the formulas and considering the magnitudes of the forces, we can calculate the period of oscillation for the positron.
Note: The exact numerical values and calculations would depend on specific quantities such as the charge and radius of the hoop, the mass of the positron, and the distance above the plane of the ring. Without these specific values, an exact numerical calculation cannot be provided.
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Problem 4.33 A dielectric cube of side a, centered at the origin, carries a "frozen- in" polarization P = kr, where k is a constant. Find all the bound charges, and check that they add up to zero. Problem 4.35 A point charge q is imbedded at the center of a sphere of linear dielectric material (with susceptibility Xe and radius R). Find the electric field, the polarization, and the bound charge densities, P. and op. What is the total bound charge on the surface? Where is the compensating negative bound charge located?
Answers
(P4.33) A dielectric cube of side a, centered at the origin, carries a "frozen- in" polarization" P = kr, where k is a constant.(a)The total bound charge is given by Q_b, and since it is proportional to a^3, the bound charges will add up to zero only if k = 0. Otherwise, there will be a non-zero net bound charge.(P4.35)The total bound charge on the surface is given by Q_b, which is equal to -2χ_e q.
Problem 4.33, we have a dielectric cube of side length a centered at the origin. The polarization is given as P = kr, where k is a constant.
To find the bound charges, we need to consider the divergence of the polarization. The bound charge density, ρ_b, is given by:
ρ_b = -∇ · P
In this case, since P = kr, we can calculate the divergence:
∇ · P = ∂(krx)/∂x + ∂(kry)/∂y + ∂(krz)/∂z
= k + k + k
= 3k
Therefore, the bound charge density is:
ρ_b = -3k
To check if the bound charges add up to zero, we need to integrate the bound charge density over the volume of the cube:
Q_b = ∫∫∫ ρ_b dV
Since the polarization is "frozen-in" and the cube is centered at the origin, we can integrate over the volume of the cube:
Q_b = ∫∫∫ (-3k) dV
= -3k ∫∫∫ dV
= -3k (Volume of the cube)
= -3k (a^3)
The total bound charge is given by Q_b, and since it is proportional to a^3, the bound charges will add up to zero only if k = 0. Otherwise, there will be a non-zero net bound charge.
Problem 4.35, we have a point charge q embedded at the center of a sphere with linear dielectric material of susceptibility χ_e and radius R.
To find the electric field, polarization, and bound charge densities, we can use Gauss's Law for dielectric materials. The electric field inside the dielectric sphere is given by:
E = q / (4πε_0 χ_e R^2) * r
where r is the radial distance from the center.
The polarization, P, is related to the electric field by:
P = χ_e ε_0 E
Substituting the expression for E, we get:
P = χ_e q / (4πR^2) * r
The bound charge density, ρ_b, is given by:
ρ_b = -∇ · P
Since P only has a radial component, the divergence simplifies to:
∇ · P = ∂(χ_e q / (4πR^2) * r)/∂r
= χ_e q / (2πR^2)
Therefore, the bound charge density is:
ρ_b = -χ_e q / (2πR^2)
To find the total bound charge on the surface of the sphere, we integrate the bound charge density over the surface area:
Q_b = ∫∫ ρ_b dA
Since the bound charge is on the surface, we can integrate over the surface area of the sphere:
Q_b = ∫∫ (-χ_e q / (2πR^2)) dA
= -χ_e q / (2πR^2) ∫∫ dA
= -χ_e q / (2πR^2) (Surface area of the sphere)
= -χ_e q / (2πR^2) (4πR^2)
= -2χ_e q
The total bound charge on the surface is given by Q_b, which is equal to -2χ_e q. The negative bound charge is located on the surface of the sphere, compensating for the positive charge at the center.
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1. Determina el momento que produce una fuerza de 7 N tangente a una rueda de un metro de diámetro, sabiendo que el punto de aplicación es el mismo borde de dicha rueda provocando un impulso en el sentido de las agujas del reloj. Solución:
Answers
Answer:
τ= F r into the blade
Explanation:
The moment of a force is defined by
τ = F x r
where the bold indicates vectors
Let us write in the expression in magnitude
τ = F r sin θ
in our case the force is tangent to the wheel therefore the angle between F and the radius is 90º, and the sin 90 = 1
τ= F r
The direction of τ can be used by the rule of the right hand, the fingers curve in the direction of the torque when advancing from the force to the radius and the thumb points in the direction of the torque.
In this case, for a clockwise rotation, the fingers are curved in the direction and the thumb points into the blade, this is the direction of the τ.
TRASLATE
El momento de una fura es definido por
τ = F x r
donde la negrillas indican vectores
Escribamos en ta expresión en magnitud
τ = F r sin θ
en nuestro caso la fuerza es tangente a la rueda por lo tanto el angulo entre F y el radios es 90º, y el sin 90=1
τ = F r
la dirección de tau la podemos usar la regla de la mano derecha, los dedos curva en la dirección del torque al avanzar dese la fuerza al radio y el pulgar apunta en la dirección del torque.
En este caso para un giro en sentido horario los dedos se curvan ente sentido y el pulgar apunta hacia dentro de lla hoja, esta es la dirección del troque
Ace Batteries uses the Capital Asset Pricing Model to calculate the cost of equity capital. Which of the following event will REDUCE the company's WACC (weighted average cost of capital). a. An increase in the flotation costs associated with issuing new common stock. b. An increase in the market risk premium. c. A decrease in the company's beta d. An increase in flotation cost of issuing preferred stock.
Answers
WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) is a calculation used to assess a company's cost of capital. It is computed by multiplying each source of capital (equity, debt, and preferred stock) by its relevant weight and then summing these up.
In this question, Ace Batteries is utilizing the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) to determine the cost of equity capital.Ace Batteries' WACC can be reduced if the company's beta decreases. The beta of a company is a measure of its market risk or volatility, and it is a component of the CAPM formula
As a result, a lower beta lowers the cost of equity capital, lowering the company's WACC. Consequently, option c: A decrease in the company's beta, will REDUCE Ace Batteries' WACC (weighted average cost of capital).
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A Geosynchronous orbit is one where a satellite orbits the earth with the same period of motion as the earth on its own axis.
How far from the center of the earth is the satellite's orbit?
Answers
Answer:
22236 mi
Explanation:
If a car speeds up to 70 m/s from a red light 15 seconds, what is the
acceleration?
Answers
i think the answer is 4.6 meters per second
Question 10 of 15
Which of the following are not phases of matter?
A. Gas
B. Mixture
€. Liquid
D. Compound
E. Solid
Answers
Answer:
B. and D.
Explanation:
phases of matter are solid liquid and gas
Answer:
b and d
Explanation:
phases are solid liquid and gas
Determine criteria that NASA may have considered when beginning to design a solution to a problem.
Answers
1. 50 W and 100 W lamps are designed for the same voltage. Which lamp has the higher filament resistance and why?
2. At a voltage of 4 V, 300 mA flows through the bulb. What is the work done by the electric current in 5 min?
3. The label on the lamp says 100 W, 220 V. Calculate the resistance of the lamp?
4. What is the work done by the motor of a floor polisher in 25 min with a voltage of 220 V, a current rating of 1,25 A and a motor efficiency of 80%?
help
Answers
Answer:
Look below.
Explanation:
1.) The resistance of a light bulb filament is effected by both length and cross-sectional area. Thicker wires have less resistance. A 120-Watt bulb has a greater current and a smaller resistance. Thus, a 120-Watt bulb must have a thicker filament than a 60-Watt bulb (assuming the lengths of the filaments are identical). We also think of lightbulbs in terms of their power ratings in watts. Let us compare a 25-W bulb with a 60-W bulb. Since both operate on the same voltage, the 60-W bulb must draw more current to have a greater power rating. Thus the 60-W bulb’s resistance must be lower than that of a 25-W bulb. If we increase voltage, we also increase power. For example, when a 25-W bulb that is designed to operate on 120 V is connected to 240 V, it briefly glows very brightly and then burns out. Precisely how are voltage, current, and resistance related to electric power?
2.) Energy transferred = 120 × 2 = 240 J. This equation can be rearranged to V = E ÷ Q. So voltage is energy transferred divided by charge.
3.) Power= Voltage × Current
4.) W=Pt
Roxanne’s italian teacher was talking about how adjectives are placed after the noun, unlike in english. the teacher is instructing the students in the __________ of italian. semantics morphemes phonemes syntax
Answers
The teacher is instructing the students in the syntax of italian.
What is an adjective?Adjectives are words that are used in English language to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun. Usually, adjectives are placed before the nouns they modify.
But creation of sentence, using words, to form a meaning the adjective can be placed after a noun. This is seen in formation of sentences using Italian language.
Syntax is the arrangement of words to creat a meaningful sentence. The most basic syntax follows a subject + verb + direct object formula.
Therefore, the teacher is instructing the students in the syntax of italian.
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Answer:
d. syntax
Explanation:
a current that changes at a rate of 38.1 a/s generates an emf of 75 mv in a solenoid. what is the inductance of the solenoid?
Answers
The inductance of the solenoid which generates the emf of 0.075 V is 508 H
The change of current in the solenoid = 38.1 A/s
The emf generated by the solenoid = 75 x 10⁻³ V
The inductance of the solenoid can be found using the formula,
e = L dI/dt
where e is the emf generated by the solenoid
L is the inductance of the solenoid
dI/dt is the change of current in the solenoid
Let us substitute the known value in the above equation, we get
0.075 = L x 38.1
L = 38.1 / 0.075
= 508 H
Thus, the inductance of the solenoid is 508 H
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help i hope this actually works
Answers
Answer:
it does tbh.
Explanation:
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency Mcq?
Answers
The equation =c/f relates wavelength and frequency. There is an inverse relationship between wavelength and frequency.
What connection exists between the frequency and wavelength of EM waves?
One crucial equation connects them all: The speed of light is equal to the frequency times the wavelength of any electromagnetic wave. If we know the other measurement, we can use this connection to calculate the wavelength and frequency of the any electromagnetic wave.
What is a wavelength differs from a frequency in ways?The distance between the crests of two waves is known as the wavelength, which also applies to troughs. The number of vibrations that pass across a certain area in a second is the frequency, which is expressed in seconds per cycle (Hz) (Hertz). This article discusses how wavelength and frequency relate to one another.
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What is the meaning of implicit bias?
Answers
Implicit bias refers to the unconscious attitudes, beliefs, and stereotypes that influence our perception, behavior, and decision-making. It is a form of bias that is not always visible, and that we may not even be aware of, but it can still have a significant impact on our interactions with others.
For example, imagine a hiring manager who is conducting job interviews. Even if the manager does not consciously believe that certain groups of people are less qualified for the job, they may still have implicit biases that affect their decision-making. For example, they may unconsciously give more weight to the qualifications of a candidate who is similar to themselves, or they may unconsciously view candidates from certain groups as less competent.
Another example, imagine a teacher who is grading a student's work, the teacher may have an implicit bias that certain groups of students are less capable. This bias may affect the teacher's perception of the student's work and ultimately lead to an unfair grade.
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the current in an rl circuit builds up to one-third of its steady-state value in 5.73 s. find the inductive time constant.
Answers
The inductive time constant of the circuit is approximately 8.38 seconds.
In an RL circuit, the inductive time constant (τ) is given by τ = L / R, where L is the inductance of the circuit and R is the resistance of the circuit.
Given that the current in the circuit builds up to one-third of its steady-state value after 5.73 seconds, we can use the formula for the current in an RL circuit to solve for τ.
The formula for current in an RL circuit is I(t) = I₀ (1 - e^(-Rt/L)), where I₀ is the initial current and t is time.
τ = L / R = -5.73L / (R ln(2/3)).
τ ≈ 8.38 seconds.
Therefore, the inductive time constant of the circuit is approximately 8.38 seconds.
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at what speed will the momentum of a proton (mass 1.0 u ) equal that of an alpha particle (mass 4.0 u ) moving at 0.20 c ?
Answers
The speed at which the momentum of a proton equals that of an alpha particle moving at 0.20c is approximately 1.45x10⁸m/s.
The momentum (p) of a particle is given by the product of its mass (m) and velocity (v), i.e. p = mv. The momentum of a proton is equal to that of an alpha particle when they have the same magnitude of momentum.
The momentum of an alpha particle (mass 4.0 u) moving at 0.20c can be calculated as follows:-:
p_alpha = m_alpha * v_alpha = (4.0 u) * (0.20c) = (4.0 u) * (0.20 * 3.00x10⁸ m/s) = 2.40x10⁻¹⁹ kg m/s
To find the velocity (v_p) at which a proton (mass 1.0 u) has the same momentum, we can set the momentum of the proton equal to that of the alpha particle:
p_proton = m_proton * v_proton = p_alpha = 2.40x10^-19 kg m/s
Solving for the velocity of the proton gives:
v_proton = p_alpha / m_proton = (2.40x10^-19 kg m/s) / (1.0 u * 1.66x10^-27 kg/u) = 1.45x10^8 m/s
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Shawn and his bike have a total mass of 43.8 kg. Shawn rides his bike 0.84 km in 17.4 min at a constant velocity. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s 2 . What is Shawn’s kinetic energy? Answer in units of J.
Answers
The kinetic energy of Shawn, if the he has a mass of 43. 8 kg is 14.18 J.
What is kinetic energy?This is the energy of a body due to its motion.
To calculate Shawn's kinetic energy, we use the formula below.
Formula:
K.E = m(d/t)²/2.......... Equation 1Where:
K.E = Shawn's Kinetic energym = Shawn's massd = Distance traveled by Shawnt = TimeFrom the question,
Given:
m = 43.8 kgd = 0.84 km = 840 mt = 17.4 min = 1044 sSubstitute these values into equation 1
K.E = 43.8(840/1044)²/2K.E = 14.18 JHence, Shawn's kinetic energy is 14.18 J.
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please answer soon
a car is traveling along the highway at a constant velocity, what must be true about all the forces acting on the car?
Answers
the handles of tin-snips (metal cutter) are made long ,why
Answers
Answer:
because lwhen they are made longer than the turning effect of force is more and its easy to work it out.
What is the wavelength of a wave whose speed and period are 72.0 m/s and 5.00 s , respectively ?
Answers
Answer:
(b)wavelength,.(c)period and.(d)speed of the wave.....(d)(wave speed)=frequence.Explanation:
sana maka help po yan pa brainless po kung tamathanksAnswer:
The distance between the two successive crests of the wave is 360m
Explanation:
Wavelength is defined as the property of wave in which the distance between identical points between two successive waves are calculated
Wavelength is referred to as the distance between two successive crests or troughs
Given that:
speed = 72.0 m/s
time = 5 seconds
Using the formula
C = fλ
Where C = speed, f = freequency and λ = wavelength
F = 1 / time
F = 1/5
F = 0.2Hz
From the fomula C = fλ
make λ the subject of the formula
λ = C / f
λ = 72/0.2
λ = 360m
w = (4.52 +0.02) cm, x = (2.0 + 0.2) cm. Find z = w/x and its uncertainty. (show all work) Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph v | B IV A. Tv I
Answers
To find z = w/x and its uncertainty, we can use the formula for propagating uncertainties. The formula for z = w/x can be expressed as
z = w * (1/x).
The uncertainty refers to the range or interval within which the calculated value of z is expected to lie. To determine the uncertainty in z, we use the formula for propagating uncertainties, which takes into account the uncertainties in the measured values of w and x. The uncertainties in w and x are expressed as ± values, representing the range within which the true values of w and x are expected to lie.
Given that w = (4.52 ± 0.02) cm and x = (2.0 ± 0.2) cm, we can substitute these values into the formula. First, let's calculate the central value of z:
z = w * (1/x) = (4.52 cm) * (1/2.0 cm) = 2.26
Next, let's calculate the uncertainty in z using the formula for propagating uncertainties:
Δz = |z| * √((Δw/w)^2 + (Δx/x)^2)
where Δw and Δx are the uncertainties in w and x, respectively. Substituting the values into the formula:
Δz = |2.26| * √((0.02/4.52)^2 + (0.2/2.0)^2) = 0.059
Therefore, the value of z is 2.26 with an uncertainty of 0.059.
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the sun emits electromagnetic waves with a power of 4.0*10^26 w. determine the intensity of electromagnetic waves from the sun just outside the atmosphere of venus. refer to the table of astronomical data inside the back cover of the textbook. determine the intensity of electromagnetic waves from the sun just outside the atmosphere of mars.
Answers
The intensity of electromagnetic waves from the sun just outside the atmosphere of Venus and Mars respectively is
2.65 x 10⁹ W/m² and 0.61 x 10⁹ W/m².
The astronomical data states that the distance between Venus and the Sun is 0.723 AU (1 AU≈1.5 x 10⁸).
The intensity of the electromagnetic waves outside the atmosphere of Venus is then equal to the power of the Sun divided by the surface area of a sphere with a radius equal to the distance between Venus and the Sun, which is equal to:
4.0*10²⁶ W/ 4π(0.723 AU)² = 2.65 x 10⁹ W/m².
The astronomical data states that the distance between Mars and the Sun is 1.524 AU.
The intensity of the electromagnetic waves outside the atmosphere of Mars is then equal to the power of the Sun divided by the surface area of a sphere with a radius equal to the distance between Mars and the Sun, which is equal to:
4.0*10²⁶ W/ 4π(1.524 AU)² = 0.61 x 10⁹ W/m².
Therefore, the intensity of electromagnetic waves from the sun when it emits electromagnetic waves with a power of 4.0*10²⁶ W just outside the atmosphere of Venus and Mars is 2.65 x 10⁹ W/m² and 0.61 x 10⁹ W/m² respectively.
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