how are dna fragments separated using gel electrophoresis? dna fragments complementary to probes in the gel travel more slowly through the matrix. larger dna fragments move more slowly through the gel than smaller fragments. smaller dna fragments bind more strongly to the gel than do larger dna fragments. negatively charged dna fragments move through the gel more quickly.
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Smaller DNA fragments move through the gel more quickly than larger fragments separated using gel electrophoresis. The correct option (1)
In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments are separated based on their size and charge. The process involves placing the DNA sample on a gel matrix, typically made of agarose or polyacrylamide, and applying an electric field to the gel. DNA fragments are negatively charged due to the phosphate groups in their backbone, and they move through the gel matrix towards the positive electrode.
Larger DNA fragments move more slowly through the gel than smaller fragments. This is because the pores in the gel matrix act as a molecular sieve, and smaller fragments can move more easily through the matrix than larger fragments. As a result, larger fragments are hindered by the matrix and move more slowly through it. By comparing the migration distances of DNA fragments of known sizes to those of unknown samples, the size of the unknown DNA fragments can be determined.
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Full Question: How are DNA fragments separated using gel electrophoresis?
Smaller DNA fragments bind more strongly to the gel than do larger DNA fragments. Negatively charged DNA fragments move through the gel more quickly. DNA fragments complementary to probes in the gel travel more slowly through the matrix. Smaller DNA fragments move through the gel more quickly than larger-fragments.Related Questions
Why are molecular clocks important in the construction of cladograms? They compare the frequency of reproduction to determine which traits evolved through mutations. They compare the genes inherited by a species to determine descendants. They compare the number of mutations to determine how long ago species separated and evolved.
Answers
Answer: They compare the number of mutations to determine how long ago species separated and evolved.
You're welcome!
Answer:
C.They compare the number of mutations to determine how long ago species separated and evolved.
Explanation:
this is correct
Why does being hydrophobic make plastic more of a pollution problem
Answers
Suppose your friend investigated the color of pea pods and concluded that green pods (G) were dominant over yellow pods (g). What experimental evidence would be needed to support this conclusion?
Answers
This information can be confirmed by obtaining the observed phenotypic frequency in the second generation (F2) of a genetic cross between pure lines.
The observed phenotypic frequency is the number of individuals that have a specific observable trait (in this case, green pods or yellow pods).A dominant trait produces a 3:1 phenotypic rate in the second generation (F2) of a genetic cross between two pure lines.In conclusion, this information can be confirmed by obtaining the observed phenotypic frequency in the second generation (F2) of a genetic cross between pure lines..
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Answer:This information can be confirmed by obtaining the observed phenotypic frequency in the second generation (F2) of a genetic cross between pure lines.
Explanation:This information can be confirmed by obtaining the observed phenotypic frequency in the second generation (F2) of a genetic cross between pure lines.
What is the source of energy for deep sea organisms?
Answers
which type of air pollution caused forests and aquatic ecosystems to die and cement infrastructure to be damaged? group of answer choices acid rain smog particulate matter
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acid rain is the type of air pollution caused forests and aquatic ecosystems to die and cement infrastructure to be damaged. it become very serious issue in environment
When substances like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere, a chemical reaction that results in acid rain starts. These substances are capable of ascending to extremely high altitudes in the sky, where they combine and interact with oxygen, water, and other chemicals to produce acid rain, a type of noxious smog. It has been established that acid rain has negative effects on trees, freshwaters, soils, insects, and aquatic life forms, as well as damaging effects on human health. It also causes paint to peel and causes corrosion in steel structures like bridges and weathering in stone structures and sculptures.
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which information would be most relevant to determining the time of death?
a)toxicology analysis of the urine
b) x rays of the corpse
c) presence of lividly, rigor mortis, and/or stomach contents
d) pathological state of the heart
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What is the key to maintaing water purrification services?
Answers
What are the 7 carbon transfers (fluxes)? (Will give brainly to 1st correct answer)
Answers
Answer:1. photosynthesis
2. respiration
3. decomposition
4. combustion
5. burial and compaction
6. carbon sequestration
7. weathering
Explanation:
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Answers
Answer:
B. Double replacement reaction
Explanation:
A double displacement reaction is a type of reaction where 2 reactants exchange parts to form two new compounds.
Some plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infected the hummingbird population, what would most likely happen to the plants?.
Answers
Plants and hummingbirds are interdependent in nature. Plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infects the hummingbird population, it will significantly affect plant life. When a hummingbird visits a flower, it inserts its beak and drinks the nectar. In the process, the pollen sticks to the bird's forehead and bill.
While visiting the next flower, the bird inadvertently spreads the pollen to the flower, leading to cross-pollination. The pollination process is crucial for the growth of fruits and vegetables and the production of seeds.Insects such as bees and butterflies can also pollinate plants. However, hummingbirds are a crucial part of the ecosystem as they pollinate flowers that other insects cannot reach. The death of the hummingbird population would lead to a significant decline in the number of pollinators available.
As a result, it will directly affect the survival of plants, ultimately leading to a decrease in plant population. Plants that depend on hummingbirds for pollination may face a decline or disappear entirely. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain the biodiversity of ecosystems to ensure the survival of plants and animals.
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what is the empirical formula for a compound that contains 17.34% hydrogen and 82.66% carbon?
Answers
Answer:
The empirical formula for the compound would be CH.
Explanation:
which structure(s) is/are highlighted? a histological view of a pink area containing several large white gaps inside it, as well as many tiny purple dots. the highlighted structure is the entire pink area.which structure(s) is/are highlighted? periosteum trabeculae of spongy bone trabeculae of woven bone red bone marrow
Answers
The highlighted structures in the histological view are:
the periosteumtrabeculae of spongy bonetrabeculae of woven bonered bone marrowThe pink area is the entire tissue sample, and the white gaps and purple dots are features of the tissue sample.
The periosteum is a thin connective tissue layer that covers the outer surface of bones. It provides protection and serves to hold the bones together.
The trabeculae of spongy bone are thin, rod-like structures that form a network within the spongy bone, providing support and allowing for flexibility.
The trabeculae of woven bone are thicker and more irregularly shaped than the trabeculae of spongy bone, and they form a network that provides support and strength.
Red bone marrow is a type of soft tissue found in the medullary cavity of bones. It produces red and white blood cells, as well as platelets.
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Which ecosystem with fertile soil has been mainly converted into agricultural farmlands for human use?
Answers
Answer:
the answer is Tropical Rainforests
please help will mark brainliest
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They overgrazed on the parks vegetation and grasses.
define osmoregulation
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Answer: OK!
Explanation: Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
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Before and after each use of biosafety cabinet and according to the schedule set by the laboratory, how you will make sure that the biosafety cabinet can provide personnel, product and environment protection, thereby preventing any laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs)?
Answers
The biosafety cabinet provides the necessary protection for personnel, products, and the environment, reducing the risk of laboratory-acquired infections. Remember to consult the specific guidelines and protocols established by your laboratory to ensure compliance with safety regulations.
To ensure that a biosafety cabinet can provide personnel, product, and environment protection before and after each use, as well as prevent laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs), the following steps should be taken:
1. Pre-use preparations:
- Check that the cabinet is clean and free of any visible contamination.
- Ensure that all supplies and equipment needed for the procedure are available and organized.
- Verify that the cabinet is properly functioning, including the airflows and filters.
2. During use:
- Adhere to good aseptic techniques, such as proper handwashing and wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, lab coats, and masks.
- Place items inside the cabinet without overcrowding to allow for proper airflow and containment.
- Avoid unnecessary movements that could disrupt the airflow within the cabinet.
3. Post-use procedures:
- Decontaminate the work surface and any items used within the cabinet using appropriate disinfectants.
- Remove and dispose of all disposable materials properly.
- Clean and disinfect the cabinet thoroughly, paying special attention to frequently touched surfaces like knobs and handles.
- Allow sufficient time for the cabinet to dry before the next use.
4. Regular maintenance and monitoring:
- Follow the laboratory's schedule for routine maintenance and certification of the biosafety cabinet.
- Keep a record of maintenance and certification activities.
- Monitor the cabinet's performance indicators, such as airflow velocity and filter integrity, to ensure proper functioning.
By following these steps, you can ensure that the biosafety cabinet provides the necessary protection for personnel, products, and the environment, reducing the risk of laboratory-acquired infections. Remember to consult the specific guidelines and protocols established by your laboratory to ensure compliance with safety regulations.
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How do the nutrients in soil cause problems when erosion relocates the soil to ponds or lakes?
Answers
Answer:
Algae Blooms
Explanation:
When soil is eroded and taken to other locations, the nutrients it carries are taken with it. If these nutrients make their way to ponds or lakes, they can support rapid reproduction in algae, creating algae blooms that can damage local ecosystems.
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how does jordan know gatsby? according to her, why did gatsby move to west egg?
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Throughout the novel, Jordan becomes increasingly involved in the drama surrounding Gatsby and his relationship with Daisy, and ultimately helps to unravel the truth about Gatsby's past and his connection to Daisy.
Jordan Baker is a character in the novel, a friend of the narrator, Nick Carraway, and a romantic interest of Jay Gatsby. Gatsby, on the other hand, is a wealthy and mysterious man who lives in the West Egg neighborhood of Long Island, New York. According to Jordan, Gatsby moved to West Egg in order to be close to Daisy Buchanan, a woman with whom he had a romantic relationship before she married Tom Buchanan. Gatsby purchased his mansion in West Egg in order to be across the bay from Daisy's home in East Egg, hoping to win her back and resume their relationship.
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if you start with 100 atoms of a radioactive substance,how many would remain after 1 half-life
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If you start with 100 atoms of a radioactive substance, after one half-life, 50 atoms would remain.
Radioactive decay follows an exponential decay model, where the number of radioactive atoms decreases by half over each successive half-life. In other words, after one half-life, exactly half of the radioactive atoms have decayed, and the other half remains.Since you start with 100 atoms, after one half-life, 50 atoms would remain. It's important to note that the specific decay rate and half-life of a radioactive substance can vary depending on the isotope in question.If you have information about the specific half-life of the radioactive substance you are referring to, it would allow for a more precise calculation of the remaining atoms after one half-life.
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if you drop a human cell into pure water in a petri dish, water molecules will pass into the cell membrane, causing the cell to swell or sometimes even burst if it has no active mechanism to expel the water. what process is happening here?
Answers
The process is happening when we drop a human cell into pure water in a petri dish, water molecules will pass into the cell membrane is osmosis.
Osmosis is the spontаneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through а selectively permeаble membrаne, in the direction thаt tends to bаlаnce the solute concentrаtions on the two sides, from а region of high wаter potentiаl (region of lower solute concentrаtion) to а region of low wаter potentiаl (region of higher solute concentrаtion).
In the case above, a human cell isа region of high wаter potentiаl and pure water is а region of low wаter potentiаl. It makes water molecules will pass into the cell membrane, causing the cell to swell or sometimes even burst if it has no active mechanism to expel the water.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full options were
a. metabolism
b. diffusion
c. osmosis
d. cellular respiration
Thus, the correct option is D.
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Plants store….
of the energy absorbed from the sun.
Answers
Answer:
Inside the plant cell are small organelles called chloroplasts, which store the energy of sunlight.
Within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast is a light-absorbing pigment called chlorophyll, which is responsible for giving the plant its green color.
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An example of sunlight passing through clouds during sunset, results in what is often called the cloud's silver lining. Pastel shades of blue, pink, purple, and green can be observed at times of cloud cover. What is the cause of these patterns in the sky?
Responses
Water in the atmosphere and within the clouds themselves cause light waves to refract and reflect, creating an assortment of colors.
Water in the atmosphere and within the clouds themselves cause light waves to refract and reflect, creating an assortment of colors., EndFragment,
The patterns occur when light is diffracted from water droplets within the clouds. The amount of diffraction that occurs depends on the wavelength of the light, and shorter wavelengths are diffracted at a greater angle than longer ones.
The patterns occur when light is diffracted from water droplets within the clouds. The amount of diffraction that occurs depends on the wavelength of the light, and shorter wavelengths are diffracted at a greater angle than longer ones.
StartFragment, The patterns occur when light is diffracted from water droplets within the clouds. The amount of diffraction that occurs depends on the wavelength of the light, and shorter wavelengths are diffracted at a greater angle than longer ones., The patterns occur when light is diffracted from water droplets within the clouds. The amount of diffraction that occurs depends on the wavelength of the light, and shorter wavelengths are diffracted at a greater angle than longer ones., EndFragment, ,
The patterns occur when light is absorbed by water droplets within the clouds. The amount of absorption that occurs depends on the temperature of the air.
The patterns occur when light is absorbed by water droplets within the clouds. The amount of absorption that occurs depends on the temperature of the air., EndFragment,
The patterns occur when light is reflected from water droplets within the clouds. The amount of reflection that occurs depends on the wavelength of the light, and shorter wavelengths are reflected at a greater angle than longer ones.
Answers
The cause of the color patterns in the sky is when light is diffracted from water droplets within the clouds, the amount of diffraction that occurs depends on the wavelength of the light, and shorter wavelengths are diffracted at a greater angle than longer ones which is therefore denoted as option D.
What is Diffraction?This is a term which is described as the process of light bending around an obstacle or spreading out after it moves through a small or tiny space.
We should also be aware that it is dependent on the wavelength of the light such that those with a shorter wavelengths are usually diffracted at a greater angle than longer ones which is therefore the reason why the color pattern is observed in the sky and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct answer.
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what is one positive effect mistletoes have on the ecosystems where they grow
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Mistletoe is a type of parasitic plant that belongs to the family Santalaceae. One positive effect of mistletoes on ecosystems is their role in providing food and habitat for various bird species.
Mistletoes are parasitic plants that grow on the branches of other trees. While they can have negative effects on the host tree, such as reduced growth and weakened structure, they also bring certain benefits to the ecosystems where they grow. One of these benefits is their significance as a food source for birds. Mistletoe berries contain a sticky pulp that is rich in sugars, providing a valuable food resource for many bird species, especially during the winter months when other food sources may be scarce. Birds play an essential role in seed dispersal for mistletoes, as they consume the berries and excrete the undigested seeds onto the branches of other trees, contributing to the dispersal and establishment of mistletoe plants in new locations.
Moreover, mistletoes can also provide nesting sites and shelter for birds. The dense foliage of mistletoe plants offers protection and cover for birds, particularly smaller species, helping to create suitable habitat conditions within the forest ecosystem. By providing food resources and nesting opportunities, mistletoes contribute to the overall biodiversity and ecological balance of the ecosystems in which they grow.
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a compound light microscope has more than one
Answers
A compound light microscope is a microscope with more than one lens and its own light source.
Does a compound light microscope have more than one lens?A microscope having multiple lenses and a separate light source is called a compound light microscope. Ocular lenses are located in the binocular eyepieces of this type of microscope, while objective lenses are located in a rotating nosepiece that is located closer to the specimen.
A compound microscope is a microscope that magnifies a sample's picture using several lenses.
Therefore, the objective lens, which is commonly 4x, 10x, 40x, or 100x, is compounded (multiplied) by the eyepiece, which is typically 10x, to produce a high magnification of 40x, 100x, 400x, and 1000x in a compound microscope. Using two lenses instead of simply one magnifying lens allows for higher magnification.
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A compound light microscope has more than one ----------
a paper mill about 16000 gallons of water and about 400 kWh of elctricity to produce one ton of paper cups
Answers
Answer:
Recycling paper uses 60% less energy than making paper from raw materials. Every ton of recycled paper saves:
· 4,100 kWh of electricity
· 380 gallons of oil
· 4.6 cubic yards of landfill space
· 7,000 gallons of water; and
· 17 trees
Explanation:
List the elements
found in sugar and
oxygen
Where did the plant get this
element from? (your answer
should be a molecule or
molecules)
Answers
Element found in sugar is glucose and plant get this element from photosynthesis .
The product of photosynthesis is glucose and oxygen . Hydrogen atom from water molecule is also used in this process were oxygen molecule is released as oxygen gas .
Photosynthesis produce oxygen and glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a by-product. Sugar is converted into starch in whole plants. Water is also a product of photosynthesis. This water is produced from the oxygen atoms in the carbon dioxide molecules and oxygen molecules that are released into the atmosphere come exclusively from the original water molecules.
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WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Giant lycophyte trees had microphylls, whereas ferns and seed plants have megaphylls. Write a short essay (100-150 words) describing how a forest of lycophyte trees may have differed from a forest of large ferns or seed plants. In your answer, consider how the type of forest may have affected interactions among small plants growing beneath the tall ones.
Answers
A lycophyte forest can be different from a forest of large ferns or seed plants because lycophytes have single leaves that separate them from all other plant groups. Its leaves, known as microphylls, have only one vein that runs the length of the leaf. All lycophyte plants are herbaceous, so no species grows wood, which would make this forest easily dependent on climatic conditions.
What is the difference between lycophytes and ferns?The most popularly known lycophyte is Selaginella. Selaginella are the best known lycophytes. In Botanical Science, the young leaves of ferns are called crosiers: they are born rolled up and resemble the shape of a staff or cane. When adults are called frond.
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Galactorrhea is a condition in which an excess of prolactin causes the breasts to produce milk spontaneously.
a. True
b. false
Answers
a. True. Galactorrhea is a condition characterized by the spontaneous production of breast milk in individuals who are not pregnant or breastfeeding. It is often caused by an excess of prolactin, a hormone that stimulates milk production.
Prolactin is normally produced by the pituitary gland in response to various stimuli, such as nursing or pregnancy. However, certain factors, such as hormonal imbalances, medication use, thyroid dysfunction, or tumors in the pituitary gland, can lead to elevated levels of prolactin, resulting in galactorrhea. The condition can affect both men and women and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as irregular menstruation, infertility, or decreased libido. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include medications or surgical intervention.
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Question 14 (1 point)
The sentences below describe four Earth events.
1. Auroras seen in the night sky at the poles.
2. Disruption of television and radio signals.
3. Change in the length of days and nights.
4. Improvement in the transmission of cell phone signals.
Which of these events is most likely to happen on Earth during a solar maximum?
3 and 4
O1 1 and 3
2 and 3
O1 1 and 2
Answers
The Earth events that are most likely to happen during a solar maximum are 1 and 2.
A solar maximum is a period of high solar activity during which the Sun emits large amounts of energy, including charged particles and electromagnetic radiation. These particles interact with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere, causing phenomena such as auroras (event 1) and disruptions to communication systems such as television and radio (event 2). Additionally, solar activity can also cause changes in the length of days and nights (event 3), but this is not as directly related to solar maximums as events 1 and 2. Finally, solar activity is not likely to improve the transmission of cell phone signals (event 4).
Therefore, the events most likely to happen on Earth during a solar maximum are 1 and 2, auroras and disruptions to communication systems.
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An area of land with a defined border and a sovereign government is a
Answers
Answer:
Should be a State.