If one of your immune cells undergoes phagocytosis of a harmful bacterium or virus-infected cell in your body, if it is a healthy immune cell, it will hopefully fuse the invader with its
Answers
If one of your immune cells undergoes phagocytosis of a harmful bacterium or virus-infected cell in your body, if it is a healthy immune cell, it will hopefully fuse the invader with its lysosome.
The lysosome will then release digestive enzymes and destroy the invader entirely. Phagocytosis is the process by which white blood cells (phagocytes) recognize, ingest, and kill pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. During this process, phagocytes bind to microorganisms, internalize them, and use lysosomes to degrade them. The lysosome is a subcellular organelle present in most cells that contain hydrolases that can break down macromolecules.
Lysosomes are involved in the digestion of microorganisms and cellular debris that have been ingested via endocytosis, pinocytosis, or phagocytosis.
The lysosome, which is the body's "garbage disposal," breaks down and removes pathogens from the body's immune system. When a phagocyte detects a foreign particle, it uses its cytoplasm to engulf it, then encloses it in a vesicle called a phagosome. In addition, the phagosome merges with lysosomes, which contain enzymes that destroy pathogens by breaking down proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
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Related Questions
Calculate the energy, number of organisms, or biomass lost between trophic levels.
Answers
Using the Rule of 10, because of energy flow from organism to organism the next organism on the chain only receives 10% of the energy obtained in the previous level. the other 90% is used or lost as heat. Therefore, producer=100% primary consumer=10% secondary consumer=1% tertiary consumer= 1%.
Why is the pyramid used to represent energy, biomass, and number pyramids?The number of organisms at each trophic level is represented by a number pyramid. The total mass of living organic matter at each trophic level is represented by a biomass pyramid. Energy decreases as it moves up the pyramid.
The energy levels of organisms consists of Tertiary consumers 1 kcal, secondary consumers 10 kcal, primary consumer 100 kcal and producers 1000 kcal. According to the rule of 10 in ecology, energy flows from organism to organism and is used for metabolism and/or converted to heat the next organism on the chain receives only 10% of the energy obtained in the previous level. The remaining 90% is consumed or lost as heat.
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what is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell ??
Answers
The nuclear membrane is a double layer that encloses the cell's nucleus, where the chromosomes reside
Let:
denote actually having COVID19 antibodies (i.e. "ground truth")+
denote notactually having COVID19 antibodies (i.e. "ground truth")~+
denote testing + for COVID19 antibodiesT+
For the Rapid COVID19 test:
= 0.96P(T+|+)
P ) = 0.06(T+|~+
a:Suppose ) = 0.01, what is (2 points)P(+P(+|T+)?
b:Suppose instead that = 0.1, what then is ? (2 points)P(+)P(+|T+)
c:Why does change so much between a) and b)? (2 points)P(+|T+)
Answers
In part a, the probability of actually having COVID19 antibodies, P(+), is very low (i.e. 0.01). Thus, even with a high conditional probability of testing positive given that one has the antibodies (i.e. P(T+|+) = 0.96), the probability of testing positive overall (i.e. P(+|T+)) is still relatively low.
However, in part b, the probability of actually having COVID19 antibodies, P(+), is much higher (i.e. 0.1). This means that even though the conditional probability of testing positive given that one has the antibodies (i.e. P(T+|+) = 0.96) is the same as before
the probability of testing positive overall (i.e. P(+|T+)) is much higher because there are more people who actually have the antibodies. Therefore, the change in P(+|T+) between a) and b) is due to the change in the prior probability P(+), which affects the denominator of the formula for P(+|T+).
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how do enzymes affect chemical reactions in living organisms
Answers
Answer:
Enzymes are catalysts for chemical reactions in living things. Enzymes, like other catalysts, lower the activation energy and increase the rate of chemical reac- tions. ... This means that enzymes do not change the direction of a reaction— they just change the amount of time needed for equilibrium to be reached.
Explanation:
Enzymes do catalyze the reactions that occur in the living systems.
What are enzymes?We know that enzymes are biochemical catalysts that can be found in the body We know that the body is a large system that involves a lot of chemical reactions that are going on at almost the same time.
Now the enzymes are specific in their actions and they are able to fit into the substrate in a lock and key model such that they could lower the activation energy of the reaction and make the reaction to go faster.
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What is the definition of erosion?
Answers
Answer: Hiya!
The definition of erosion is "the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents."
Explanation:
Erosion is a process where natural forces like water, wind, ice, and gravity transport rocks and soil.
Hopefully this helps you
- Matthew :)
Erosion refers to the process of wearing away or removal of material from the Earth's surface, primarily through the action of natural agents such as water, wind, ice, or gravity. It involves the transportation and deposition of sediment and soil from one location to another.
Erosion occurs when the forces of these agents exceed the resistance of the surface materials, leading to the gradual or rapid removal of soil, rocks, or other geological features. The eroded materials are then transported and may be deposited in different areas, contributing to the reshaping of landscapes over time.
Erosion can have both natural and human-induced causes. Natural erosion processes, such as water erosion caused by rivers or wind erosion in arid regions, are part of the Earth's natural geological cycle. However, human activities, such as deforestation, overgrazing, construction, and improper land management practices, can accelerate erosion rates and cause significant environmental damage.
Overall, erosion plays a crucial role in shaping the Earth's surface, creating landforms like valleys, canyons, deltas, and beaches. Understanding erosion processes is essential for managing and conserving natural resources and mitigating the negative impacts of erosion on ecosystems and human activities.
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In β–oxidation the sequence of intermediate are: alkane, alkene, alcohol, ketone. Where have we seen this sequence before? О А. In gluconeogenesis О В, In electron transport O C in the Kreb's cycle O D. in glycolysis O E in the urea cycle
Answers
The sequence of intermediates in β-oxidation (alkane, alkene, alcohol, ketone) is seen in the metabolism of fatty acids, which undergo β-oxidation to produce acetyl-CoA, the precursor for the Krebs cycle. The correct option is (B).
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the generation of energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.
In β-oxidation, the fatty acid is broken down into two-carbon units in the form of acetyl-CoA, which then enters the Krebs cycle. The initial step of β-oxidation involves the conversion of the fatty acid to an alkane, which is then converted to an alkene through the removal of two hydrogen atoms.
The alkene is then converted to an alcohol by the addition of a water molecule, followed by oxidation to form a ketone. The ketone is then cleaved to produce acetyl-CoA, which is utilized in the Krebs cycle.
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which of the following is true regarding the cre-lox recombination system?
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The Cre-lox recombination system is a genetic engineering tool that allows for targeted DNA modifications. It involves the use of Cre recombinase enzyme and loxP DNA sequences. The main feature of this system is its ability to catalyze site-specific recombination between two loxP sites, resulting in DNA rearrangements such as deletions, inversions, or translocations.
In more detail, the Cre-lox system works by recognizing and binding to specific 34-base pair DNA sequences called loxP sites. These sites consist of two 13-base pair inverted repeats flanking an 8-base pair asymmetric spacer region. Cre recombinase recognizes the loxP sites and catalyzes the excision or integration of DNA between them, depending on their relative orientation.
The first main answer is that the Cre-lox recombination system allows for targeted DNA modifications. By strategically placing loxP sites in a genome, researchers can control when and where DNA rearrangements occur. This system is widely used in genetic research to study gene function, create conditional gene knockout models, generate tissue-specific gene expression, and investigate gene interactions.
The Cre-lox system has several advantages, including its versatility, efficiency, and reversibility. It can be used in various organisms, including bacteria, yeast, plants, and animals. Additionally, the system is highly efficient, with recombination events occurring at a high frequency. Moreover, the DNA modifications performed by Cre-lox recombination can be reversible by designing loxP sites in such a way that the modified DNA can be restored to its original state.
In conclusion, the Cre-lox recombination system enables targeted DNA modifications through the site-specific recombination of DNA between loxP sites. It offers versatility, efficiency, and reversibility, making it a powerful tool in genetic engineering and biological research.
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Which most correctly describes the process of pollination in flowering plants?
The parent plant is dispersing its male offspring to mate with the female offspring of another plant.
The plant is providing pollen as food for insect visitors.
Pollen is the sperm of the parent plant and it is carried by the wind or an insect to the egg of another plant.
Pollen from the anther of one flower is carried by insects to the anther of another flower.
Answers
The statement that best describes the process of pollination in flowering plants is: ''pollen from the anther of one flower is carried by insects to the anther of another flower.''
What is pollination?Pollination is a process in which pollen is transferred from the male reproductive organ (anther) of a flower to the female reproductive organ (stigma) of a flower of the same species, resulting in fertilization. Pollination is essential for plant reproduction and is facilitated by a variety of agents, including wind, water, birds, bees, and other animals.
In flowering plants, pollination usually occurs as follows: Pollen is produced in the anthers of the stamen, which are the male reproductive organs of a flower. Pollen grains are transferred from the anthers to the stigma, which is the female reproductive organ of a flower, either by wind, insects, or other animals.
Once the pollen grain reaches the stigma, it germinates, and a pollen tube is formed, which grows down through the style to the ovary of the flower.The pollen tube delivers sperm cells to the ovary, where they fertilize the egg cells, resulting in the formation of seeds. Finally, the ovary develops into a fruit, which contains the seeds, and the cycle begins anew.
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what about the human genome do you feel that crispr technology should change and/or not change about plants, animals, and humans?
Answers
CRISPR technology should be used to make essential changes that are beneficial to living beings, while avoiding any adverse effects.
The main advantage of CRISPR technology is that it can be used to edit genes with precision.CRISPR technology should not be used to create so-called “designer babies” or to make changes that have no real benefit. Changes to the human genome must be made with the utmost caution because they are irreversible, and we do not yet fully understand the long-term effects. As a result, CRISPR technology should not be used recklessly.
Apart from that, CRISPR technology has the potential to revolutionize the agricultural industry by allowing for the creation of crops that are more nutritious, drought-resistant, and have a longer shelf life. CRISPR can also be used to create disease-resistant livestock, which will significantly reduce the need for antibiotics in the farming sector.
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Please help for 25 points and brainliest. NO LINKS. In order for meiosis to create four, genetically different gametes, DNA replication must occur. Which of these best describes when DNA replication would occur during meiosis?
a. Prior to metaphase of meiosis I
b. Prophase I in meiosis I
c. Prior to meiosis I and meiosis II
d. Prior to meiosis II
Answers
DNA replication occurs prior to meiosis I and meiosis II.
During meiosis, DNA replication occurs during interphase before the start of meiosis I. This replication process is necessary to ensure that each of the four daughter cells produced during meiosis has a complete set of genetic information.
After DNA replication, the cell undergoes meiosis I, which results in the separation of homologous chromosomes into two daughter cells. Then, meiosis II occurs, which separates sister chromatids into four genetically different gametes.
So, the correct answer is c. Prior to meiosis I and meiosis II.
What is DNA replication?DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes a copy of its DNA.
DNA replication is a vital process that occurs before cell division in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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An organism that is used to control the population size of another organism is called a(n)
HELP
Answers
Answer:
Protists
Explanation:
Protists are one-celled, or simple multi-celled organisms. Some of them are pathogenic and can be considered useful in population control.
She most likely suffers from hyposmia as Jennifer suffers from a decreased sense of smell because of repeated colds and allergies. Thus, option C is correct.
What is Anosmia?"Anosmia" refers to a condition in which a person loses his sense of smell. This could either be a "temporary loss of smell" or "permanent loss of smell." A temporary loss of smell may be caused by a cold while permanent loss of smell may be caused by aging or injury to the nerves.
"Parosmia" refers to a condition in which a person's sense of smell is distorted or changed. This means that a person may think something smells awful when in reality, it smells good.
This could either be a "temporary loss of smell" or "permanent loss of smell." A temporary loss of smell may be caused by a cold while permanent loss of smell may be caused by aging or injury to the nerves.
Therefore, She most likely suffers from hyposmia as Jennifer suffers from a decreased sense of smell because of repeated colds and allergies. Thus, option C is correct.
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Do the gradient levels and the sediment load increase or decrease as the
river ages?
Answers
As a river ages, the gradient levels typically decrease, while the sediment load may either increase or decrease depending on various factors.
The gradient of a river refers to the slope or steepness of its channel. Over time, as a river flows and erodes its surroundings, it tends to reach a state of equilibrium, where the slope becomes less steep. This is known as a decrease in gradient levels.
The sediment load of a river refers to the amount of sediment (such as sand, silt, and rocks) carried by the flowing water. It can vary based on factors such as the geology of the area, the climate, and the amount of erosion occurring in the river's watershed.
In some cases, as a river ages and continues to erode its surroundings, the sediment load may increase as more sediment is picked up and transported downstream. However, in other cases, the sediment load may decrease if the river reaches a point of balance where erosion and sedimentation are relatively equal.
Therefore, the change in sediment load as a river ages can vary depending on local conditions and the specific characteristics of the river.
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Eukaryotic cells vary in structure according to their function. An example of a characteristic of a eukaryotic cell that relate closely to the cell's function is:
A. a bacterial cell wall providing support for the cell
B. the trachea aiding i the exchange of gases in the lungs
C. muscle cells having an elongated shape
D. plant cells containing a nucleus
Answers
The correct answer is C. muscle cells having an elongated shape.
Muscle cells are specialized for contraction and movement. Their elongated shape allows them to span long distances within the body and generate force. The elongated shape of muscle cells allows them to align in parallel, enabling coordinated contraction and the generation of mechanical force necessary for muscle function. This structural characteristic is directly related to the function of muscle cells in facilitating movement in organisms.
can someone explain how to do this i'm confused.
Answers
Which statement about asteroids is not true?
-They vary considerably in composition, reflectivity, and size.
-Most stay between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
-Their images become blurry due to outgassing as the Sun heats them up.
-Earthgrazers can cross not only our orbit, but even those of Venus and Mercury.
-Some have satellites of their own.
Answers
The statement that is not true about asteroids is "Their images become blurry due to outgassing as the Sun heats them up."
Asteroids vary considerably in composition, reflectivity, and size. This means that they can be made up of different materials and have different surface features. For example, some asteroids are rocky while others are made up of metal or a combination of both. Additionally, their sizes can range from just a few meters to hundreds of kilometers in diameter.
Most asteroids stay between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in an area called the asteroid belt. However, some asteroids can have orbits that bring them closer to Earth or even cross the orbits of other planets like Venus and Mercury. These are known as Earthgrazers.
Some asteroids have satellites of their own. These are smaller objects that orbit around the asteroid itself. These satellites can provide valuable information about the asteroid's mass, shape, and composition.
However, the statement that their images become blurry due to outgassing as the Sun heats them up is not true. Outgassing is the release of gases from within a solid object, like an asteroid. While some comets can experience outgassing as they approach the Sun, asteroids do not have significant amounts of volatile substances that would cause this phenomenon. Therefore, their images remain clear and do not become blurry.
Overall, asteroids are fascinating objects that vary in composition, size, and orbit. They can have satellites of their own and can even cross the orbits of other planets. However, their images do not become blurry due to outgassing as the Sun heats them up.
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c) Why is mouth to mouth method of artificial respiration so effective in stimulating victims to begin breathing on their own? (2 marks)
Answers
The mouth to mouth method of artificial respiration is so effective in stimulating victims to begin breathing on their own because it makes available residual oxygen from the rescuer to be used in the lungs of the patient.
What is artificial respiration?Artificial respiration is defined as the method of respiratory where by oxygen is being delivered to the lungs through a manipulative technique that is not natural.
There are different types of artificial respiration which includes the following;
Schaffer's Method.Sylvester's method.Mouth to mouth respiration. Artificial respiration machine. Artificial breathing devices.The mouth to mouth type of artificial respiration has been proven to be effective because it stimulates the patient and makes available residual oxygen from the rescuer to be used in the lungs of the patient.
To perform mouth to mouth respiration the following is carried out accordingly;
Take a normal breath, cover and seal their open mouth with yours, and blow into their mouth for about one second. Their chest should rise visibly when you breathe into their mouth, and sink again as soon as you move away.This should not take more that ten minutes to restore the normal breathing of the patient.Learn more about respiration here:
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The diagram below shows a neuron, which has specialized structures at one end called dendrites. These structures receive signals from other nearby cells.
Which of the following best explains how dendrites contribute to the function of the neuron?
Choose 1 answer:
(Choice A)
A
They cause the neuron to move in response to a signal.
(Choice B)
B
They allow the neuron to distribute DNA to other nearby cells.
(Choice C)
C
They allow the neuron to integrate signals from multiple sources.
Answers
Answer:
Its C
Explanation:
I got it right. Your welcome
if a person is a carrier, would they show the recessive trait?
Answers
A person who contains one copy of a genetic trait's recessive allele but does not express the trait is said to be a carrier.
As a result of having a dominant allele that controls how the trait manifests, carriers do not manifest the recessive trait.
A person needs two copies of the recessive gene, one from each parent, in order to manifest a recessive characteristic. Hence, individuals that carry a recessive allele can pass it on to their progeny without displaying the trait.
Yet, there is a 25% possibility that if both parents carry the same recessive gene, their kid will inherit two copies of the allele and manifest the recessive characteristic.
What is a recessive characteristic example?Only individuals who are homozygous (also known as having two copies of the gene) will experience the effects of recessive alleles. For instance, because the allele for blue eyes is recessive, you need two copies of the 'blue eye' allele to have blue eyes.What exactly do dominant and recessive qualities mean?Even though the dominant trait only exists in one copy, it is always manifested when the connected allele is dominant. Only when both of the related alleles are recessive do recessive features manifest themselves. The related trait is less likely to manifest if one of the alleles is dominant.learn more about recessive trait here
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Based on its chemical formula, which of the following substances is an organic compound?
Answers
What is one major difference between federal and unitary governments?
A.
Constitutions are more important to a unitary government.
B.
There is more separation of powers in a unitary government.
C.
State governments are more powerful in a unitary government.
D.
The central government is stronger in a unitary government.
Answers
Answer: the central government is stronger in a unitary government
Explanation:
i got it wrong and it said that’s the correct one
How many ATP and NADH molecules are gained during
glycolysis?
a One ATP molecule, Two NADH molecules
b Two ATP molecules, Two NADH molecures
C One ATP molecule, One NADH molecule
Answers
Two ATP molecules and NADH molecules during glycolysis
which of the following would decrease with the manufacture, application, and use of synthetic fertilizers rather than organic fertilizers? responses groundwater pollution groundwater pollution cultural eutrophication cultural eutrophication use of fossil fuels use of fossil fuels recycling of organic matter
Answers
The production, application, and utilization of synthetic fertilizers in place of organic fertilizers would result in a decrease in the amount of organic matter recycling.
Any chemical, whether natural or manufactured, that is added to the soil or plant tissues to provide nutrients to the plant is considered a fertilizer. Liming agents and other non-nutrient soil additives are distinct from fertilizers. There are many different natural and synthetic sources of fertilizer. The three main macronutrients—nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium—are the primary focus of fertilization for the majority of modern agricultural practices. Supplements like rock flour for micronutrients (K) are occasionally added. Farmers can apply these fertilizers using a variety of methods, such as dry, pelletized, or liquid application processes, either by hand or with heavy machinery.
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What are immunoglobulins?
Answers
Answer:
Immunoglobulin, is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
Most white blood cells destroy
Answers
Answer:
White blood cells: Serving as an army against harmful bacteria and viruses, white blood cells search for and attack and destroy germs to keep you healthy.
Explanation:
Ben measures the height of two bottles. One is 12 centimeters and the other is 15 centimeters. In millimeters what is the difference of the two heights
Answers
The difference in height between the two bottles is 30 millimeters.
To calculate the difference in height between the two bottles in millimeters, we need to convert the heights from centimeters to millimeters and then subtract one from the other.
First, we convert the height of the first bottle from centimeters to millimeters. Since there are 10 millimeters in a centimeter, we can multiply the height of 12 centimeters by 10 to get the height in millimeters:
12 centimeters * 10 millimeters/centimeter = 120 millimeters.
Next, we convert the height of the second bottle from centimeters to millimeters using the same conversion factor. We multiply the height of 15 centimeters by 10:
15 centimeters * 10 millimeters/centimeter = 150 millimeters.
Now that we have both heights in millimeters, we can calculate the difference. We subtract the height of the first bottle from the height of the second bottle:
150 millimeters - 120 millimeters = 30 millimeters.
Therefore, the difference in height between the two bottles is 30 millimeters.
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How does the RNA leave the nucleus
Answers
Answer:
When the mRNA exits the nucleus the nuclear pores, into the cytoplasm for translation. Turns RNA into proteins to occurs in the cytoplasm, with the assistance of ribosomes on the rough Endoplasmic reticulum.
1.) You have to inform your community about the Aedes aegypti mosquito.
Describe how the mosquito transmits the dengue fever virus to human beings.
2.) Outline TWO activities which the community can carry out on the environment, to prevent the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, and explain how these activities will be effective in preventing the diseases.
3.) Suggest ONE activity, OTHER THAN the two in (b) (ii), which you can carry out in the home to prevent the spread of dengue fever.
Hello, please answer those questions, please.
Answers
Proper environmental sanitation and the use of insecticides will prevent the spread of dengue fever virus.
What is a disease vector?A disease vector is an organism which transmits pathogens to other organism.
Aedes aegypti mosquito is the vector for dengue fever. It transmits mosquito through its bite, thus introducing the virus into the blood.
The use of insecticides and the proper sanitation will help prevent the transmission of diseases.
At home, use of insecticide-treated nets will help prevent the spread of dengue fever.
Therefore, proper environmental sanitation and the use of insecticides will prevent the spread of dengue fever virus.
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One more biology multiple choice.
Answers
Answer:
A. Acocelomate
ex: Tapeworms(they dont have a digestive tract)
Explanation:
A section of a topographic map is shown below.
What is the difference in elevation in meters between Point X and Point Y on the map?
Answers
Answer:
360 m
Explanation:
Answer:
fish
Explanation:
moment
at what point during receiving should the temperature of the food be checked?
Answers
The temperature of the food be checked as soon as they are received from
the delivery person. This should be done with the aid of a thermometer.
Food Storage conditions.Food is a very important part of our daily life and special care must be taken
to ensure that they are properly stored under the right conditions to inhibit
the growth of microorganisms.
Food not properly stored under the right temperature favors growth of
microbes. This thereby causes food poisoning and other serious conditions
when eaten.
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