In determining their composition, they were told they are polypetides formed into sphercal shapes which were mostly soluble in water. they concluded that these antibodies were globular protiens.
What is globular protiens?The term "globular protein" is fairly old (dating likely from the 19th century) and is now somewhat obsolete given the hundreds of thousands of proteins and more sophisticated and descriptive structural motif vocabulary. Only by using ultracentrifuges or dynamic light scattering techniques can the globular nature of these proteins be identified without the use of contemporary methods.
By virtue of the protein's tertiary structure, the spherical structure is induced. Apolar (hydrophobic) amino acids are bonded inside the molecule, whereas polar (hydrophilic) amino acids are bound outside. This allows for dipole-dipole interactions with the solvent, which explains why the molecule is soluble.
The free energy released when a protein folds into its native shape is relatively low, which makes globular proteins only weakly stable.
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explain the difference between an herbivore and an omnivore
Which of the Hardy-Weinberg conditions are usually valid for most populations?
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium consists of five conditions that must be met in order for the frequency of alleles in a population to remain constant from generation to generation.
What are the Hardy-Weinberg conditions ?These conditions are:
Large population size: The population must be large enough to prevent the effects of genetic drift.No mutations: There must be no mutations that alter the frequency of alleles in the population.No gene flow: There must be no migration into or out of the population, which would bring in new alleles.No selection: There must be no natural selection favoring or eliminating certain alleles.Random mating: There must be random mating, meaning that individuals mate with each other based on chance rather than preference.Of these conditions, it is generally difficult to meet all of them in real populations, as most populations are subject to some form of genetic drift, mutation, gene flow, selection, or non-random mating. Therefore, it can be argued that none of the Hardy-Weinberg conditions are usually valid for most populations.
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Most phenotypic traits—features of the organism that we can observe—are not easy to put into a Punnet Square. Give at least two reasons, or factors, that make most phenotypic traits complicated. How, then, can we measure these traits?
Most phenotypic traits are complex due to polygenic inheritance and environmental influences.
Phenotypic traits often result from the combined effects of multiple genes (polygenic inheritance) and can be influenced by environmental factors. Punnett Squares, which illustrate single gene pair inheritance, are not suitable for capturing the complexity of such traits. Additionally, environmental factors can interact with genetic factors, leading to variations in trait expression.
To measure complex phenotypic traits, alternative approaches are used. Quantitative measurements, such as height or weight, provide precise numerical values. Statistical analysis helps identify patterns, correlations, and heritability estimates in populations. It involves studying large sample sizes and employing statistical models to understand the contributions of genetic and environmental factors. Molecular genetics advancements have further enhanced our ability to study complex traits at the genetic level.
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PLEASE HELP!!!
Which of the following statements is true?
Egg cells have 46 chromosomes.
Genes exist in specific locations on a chromosome.
There are more chromosomes than genes in the human body.
There are more genes than DNA base pairs in the human body.
Answer:
I think the answer is Egg cells have 46 chromosomes, because Every normal human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes.
Mycorrhizae are beneficial to plants mostly because they:
fix nitrogen that can subsequently be imported into plants.
poison insects that try to bore into the bark of trees.
produce toxins that help ward off herbivores.
help increase water absorption into the roots.
produce additional sugars that help plants grow faster
Explanation:
Mycorrhizae help to increase water absorption into the root
Two parents learn they are each carriers for Cystic Fibrosis, each having the genotype (Aa).
Using a punnett square, perform a genetic cross to determine the probability that their children will inherit two recessive alleles and have Cystic Fibrosis (aa).
In your answer, explain the probability using either percentages (%) or odds out of 4 (1/4, 3/4, etc).
Answer:
When two carriers of Cystic Fibrosis (Aa) are crossed, the probability that their children will inherit two recessive alleles and have Cystic Fibrosis (aa) is 25%. This can be determined by performing a Punnett square, which shows all the possible gamete combinations and the resulting offspring genotypes. The Punnett Square would look like this:
A | a
—————
A | AA | Aa
a | Aa | aa
As you can see, out of the four boxes, one of them contains two recessive alleles, so the probability of their children having Cystic Fibrosis is one out of four, or 25%.
5.03 Primate EvolutionSkull Analysis [help me pls let me use work]Lab Report
Instructions: As you complete each slide of the Skull Analysis Virtual Lab Activity, please fill in this lab report with the appropriate information and data.
Title:
Objective(s):
Hypothesis:
Variables:
Materials:
Skull casts: 4 known species and 1 unknown
Calipers
Procedures:
Qualitative Observations:
Line up each of the skulls on the lab table, facing to the left, with the Frankfurt planes parallel to the ground.
Observe each skull from the side, recording your observations about the following features (use the table below to record your observations):
Forehead: Is the angle of the forehead sloping or more vertical? Is the brow ridge above the eyes small, medium, or large? Does the forehead extend out above the eyes?
Face: Is the shape of the face sloped or flattened and vertical?
Teeth: Are the teeth long or short? Sharp or dull?
Observe each skull from the bottom view and locate the foramen magnum. This is the hole that connects the brain stem to the spinal cord. Record your observation of the location of each skull’s foramen magnum. Is it located toward the front or the rear of the skull?
Observe each skull from the top and record your observations of the shape of the brain cavity. Is it more round or oval? Are the edges more squared off or pointed? Make comparisons between the skulls.
Quantitative Observations: Determine Supraorbital Height
Use the calipers to measure the distance AC (from point A to point C on the skull).
Use the calipers to measure the distance BC (from point B to point C on the skull).
These measurements will be used to calculate the skull’s supraorbital height index according to the formula: (BC/AC) × 100 = Supraorbital Height Index (note: The unit of measurement is SHI.)
Record the skull’s supraorbital height index in the data table.
Take the same measurements for each of the skulls, recording the supraorbital heights index in the data table.
Data and Observations:
Create a data table to record your observations and measurements for each skull:
Skull Forehead Face Teeth Foramen Magnum Brain Cavity Supraorbital Height (SHI)
Pan troglodytes (modern chimpanzee)
Homo sapiens
(modern human)
Homo erectus
(extinct hominid)
Australopithecus afarensis
(extinct hominid)
Unidentified Fossil Skull
Conclusion:
Be sure to answer the following reflection questions in the conclusion of your lab report:
Was your hypothesis correct? Which of the four species does the unidentified skull most resemble? Predict how you think it may relate to the other species in terms of evolution. Justify your answer with specific observations.
How do the shapes of the face, forehead, and teeth differ between the various species?
Questions:
Using what you have learned from the lesson and the virtual lab activity, answer the following questions in complete sentences:
What do you think accounts for these differences? How might some of these differences be possible adaptations?
In what way do you think the location of the foramen magnum relates to the movement of each species?
What might the shape of the skull and the supraorbital height tell us about each species?
The evidence of the skull can show the changes that have taken place in the species by evolution.
How do you use skull to determine the evolution of primates?The skull is a valuable tool in determining the evolution of primates because it provides information about the anatomy and behavior of an organism. By analyzing the shape, size, and structure of the skull, scientists can infer adaptations for specific ecological roles, such as foraging, grasping, and chewing.
Molecular data can be combined with anatomical data to create a more comprehensive understanding of primate evolution.
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_____ in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes _____ in ph, causes your breathing to speed up. see concept 42.6 (page)
An increase in carbon dioxide in your red blood cells, which causes increase in PH, causes your breathing to speed up.
What is Carbon Dioxide?At ambient temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) is a chemical substance that exists in the gaseous state and is made up of molecules with one carbon atom covalently doubly bound to two oxygen atoms in each molecule.
In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide serves as a greenhouse gas because it absorbs infrared radiation despite being transparent to visible light. It has increased from pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm to be a trace gas in the Earth's atmosphere at 417 ppm (or approximately 0.04%) by volume.
The main contributor to these elevated CO2 concentrations, as well as to global warming and climate change, is the burning of fossil fuels. Groundwater, lakes, ice caps, and ocean all contain dissolved carbon dioxide.
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The subdivisions of the motor nervous system are the nervous system and the nervous system.
a. True
b. False
Answer: true
Explanation: took the test
Seema left a slice of bread in her tiffin box after a few day she saw greenish white growth on it
A. What kind of organisms must have grown
B. How do such organisms obtain nutrition
C. What is the mode of nutrition know as
Answer:
a what kind of organisms must have grown
Explanation:
which is not considered as a function of fat in the body? select one: a. contribute to body heat preservation b. major storage form for energy c. provide cellular building materials d. provide support for certain vital organs e. none of above
The option that is not considered as a function of fat in the body is e. none of the above. Fats are one of the three primary macronutrients required for human body to function.
The option that is not considered as a function of fat in the body is e. none of the above. Fats are one of the three primary macronutrients required for human body to function. The main functions of fat in the body include contributing to body heat preservation, serving as the major storage form for energy, providing cellular building materials, and providing support for certain vital organs. Functions of Fat in the Body:Fats are essential for the normal functioning of the body. It is one of the three macronutrients required by the body for survival. The main functions of fats in the body are:Contribute to Body Heat Preservation: Fats present in the body contribute to the preservation of body heat, which is essential in cold environments. Fat acts as an insulator in the body, keeping the body warm and helping to maintain a constant body temperature. Major Storage Form for Energy: Fats are the primary storage form for energy in the body. The body stores excess energy in the form of fat, which can be used when the body requires energy. The energy stored in fat is more than twice the amount stored in carbohydrates. Provide Cellular Building Materials: Fats are also used to make cell membranes and other cellular structures. Cell membranes protect the cell and regulate the flow of materials in and out of the cell. Fats also play a role in the formation of hormones and other cellular messengers.Provide Support for Certain Vital Organs: Fat is essential for protecting and supporting vital organs in the body. It acts as a cushion for organs like the heart, liver, and kidneys. It also helps to keep the organs in place and prevent them from moving around.Neither of the options mentioned in the question is considered as a function of fat in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is e. none of the above.
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PLEASE HURRY ITS TIMES
DNA carries the cell’s genetic information; however, it cannot leave the .
Because of this, it copies part of its nucleotide sequence into a complementary copy of
during the process called .
During this process, the enzyme,
separates the DNA strands.
One strand of DNA acts as the
from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA.
Each three letter sequence on the mRNA is called a .
The start codon is and the three stop codons are .
Once the mRNA leaves the nucleus it goes to the to prepare for protein
synthesis which is called .
During this process, a molecule brings the to the ribosome.
The amino acids are hooked together by bonds.
The tRNA is able to match up to the mRNA by the in its anticodons.
When the codon is reached, the chain is released into the .
Word Bank:
protein mRNA ribosome tRNA peptide amino acid complementary bases
helicase AUG template stop codon nucleus UAG, UGA, UAA translation cytoplasm transcription
Question
Which formula represents a covalent compound?
Responses
MgS
H2O2
NaCl
CaO
The formula that represents a covalent compound is H₂O₂.
What are covalent compounds?Covalent compounds are the compounds having strong intra-molecular bonds. This is because the atoms within the covalent molecules are very tightly held together.
Covalent bonds form when two or more nonmetals combine. For example, both hydrogen and oxygen are nonmetals, and when they combine to make water, they do so by forming covalent bonds.
According to this question, hydrogen and oxygen are both non-metals, hence, when they combine to form hydrogen peroxide, a covalent bond is formed.
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The wrasse eats parasites off the parrot fish. The parrot fish protects the wrasse from predators.symbiotic relationship
Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed.
which of the following lipoproteins are normally not present in blood in the fasting state? a) Chylomicrons b) liver derived lipo protiens c) intestinal-derived lipoproteins
In the fasting state, the lipoprotein that is normally not present in the blood is a) Chylomicrons.
Chylomicrons are large lipoproteins that transport dietary triglycerides from the intestine to various tissues in the body. After a meal, chylomicrons are synthesized in the intestines and released into the bloodstream. However, during the fasting state, when there is no recent dietary intake, the levels of chylomicrons in the blood decrease significantly.
On the other hand, b) liver-derived lipoproteins and c) intestinal-derived lipoproteins, such as very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), respectively, are still present in the blood during the fasting state. These lipoproteins are involved in the transport of endogenous triglycerides and cholesterol synthesized by the liver.
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A hormone attaches to a target cell at a receptor protein. What do you know about this hormone?
Answer :
First of all the hormone is steroid hormone.
Explanation :
It'll bind to DNA in a direct way and it also have the capability to pass through cell membranes.
: )
explain how animals are protected from the ultra violet rays of the sun
Many animals have scales, feathers, fur, wool, and hair to shield them from the sun, just as people cover up with clothing, hats, and sunscreen to avoid sunburn and other skin-damaging effects, according to Cornell Center for Materials Research.
What animal can see ultraviolet radiation?
Many of the animals, including hedgehogs, dogs, cats, ferrets, and okapis (relatives of giraffes that dwell in the central African rainforest), have lenses that let some ultraviolet light through, indicating that they may be able to see in the ultraviolet, according to the research team.Only dogs that already have an eye condition or are prone to allergies will be harmed by UV rays. In particular, these include corneal diseases like pannus, but they can also include "Dry Eye," eye cancers, and cataracts.Olson and his team provide a number of explanations for why they shine. The creation of "visual noise" by UV reflection may serve as camouflage, confusing predators sensitive to UV light. Or it might be a technique for some species to eliminate toxins from their diet by storing the dangerous substances in their fur.The oil drop performs similar duties to a camera lens filter. As a result, birds are significantly more adept than humans at spotting changes between two similar hues in addition to seeing UV radiation.The animals are protected from the ultra violet rays of the sun:
Many animals have scales, feathers, fur, wool, and hair to shield them from the sun, just as people cover up with clothing, hats, and sunscreen to avoid sunburn and other skin-damaging effects, according to Cornell Center for Materials Research.
Whether to shave or not, Although it isn't a full barrier, their fur also helps protect their skin from UV rays. Instead of completely shaving off your dog's fur, settling for a less extreme cut or general de-shedding session could be wiser.
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What was it called when slaves were taken from Africa?
The transatlantic slave trade, also known as the Triangular Trade, was the name given to the historical practice of forcibly transporting millions of African people to the Americas as slaves.
What are Slaves?
Slaves are people who are owned by another person and forced to work without pay. Slaves have no rights and are treated as property, and they cannot leave their master’s control unless they are freed. Slavery has been practiced in many cultures throughout history and is still practiced in some parts of the world today.
Transport of enslaved Africans, primarily to the Americas, by slave traders is known as the Atlantic slave trade, transatlantic slave trade, or Euro-American slave trade. From the 16th to the 19th centuries, the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage were frequently used in the slave trade.
What is the Transatlantic slave trade?
The Transatlantic slave trade was the forced transportation of millions of Africans to the Americas between the 16th and 19th centuries. The slaves were forcibly taken from their homes in Africa and sold to European colonists, who then put them to work on plantations in the Caribbean, the Americas, and other parts of the world. The slave trade is widely considered to be one of the most horrific periods in human history.
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pancreatic acinar cells produce and store hydrolytic enzymes in zymogen granules until hormones signal the cell to release the enzymes in a process known as
Pancreatic acinar cells produce and store hydrolytic enzymes in zymogen granules until hormones signal the cell to release the enzymes in a process known as regulated secretion.
Pancreatic acinar cells are specialized cells that synthesize, store and secrete digestive enzymes. These cells are pyramidal in shape and are oriented towards the lumen of the pancreas. The enzymes associated with acinar cells are trypsin, chymotrypsin, etc.
Hydrolytic enzymes are those that breakdown the large biomolecules. These enzymes are also known by the name hydrolases. The location of these hydrolytic cells in a cell is lysosome. There are around 40 hydrolytic enzymes in the lysosome.
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What are some examples of proteins secreted by exocytosis that are essential for cell and tissue function?
Exocytosis is used by cells to secrete proteins such as enzymes, peptide hormones, and antibodies from other cells, flip the plasma membrane, deposit integral membrane proteins (IMPs) or proteins that are physiologically connected to the cell, and recycle plas.
Exocytosis is the process by which a cell secrete or expel something to an external environment. It helps in releasing various contents to the outside. It has many steps like Vesicle Trafficking, Vesicle Tethering, Vesicle docking, Priming and Fusion.In this process the substance to be secreted is enclosed in a vesicle formed by Endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi body and once inside the vesicle it is targeted and moved to plasma membrane where it reaches and finally gets fused with membrane and its contents are expelled out.
This Process is used in secretion of various proteins like Peptide hormones, neuronal peptides or certain neurotransmitters, Antibodies and enzymes. Exocytosis also removes unwanted residues after Phagocytosis.Exocytosis also helps in increasing surface area of plasma membrane.
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DNA molecule segment is: TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of
mutation.
Answer:
substitation
Explanation:
If the codon is GUC, what is the anticodon
guanine binds with cytosine (C)
uracil binds with adenine (A)
cytosine binds with guanine (G)
so the anticodon in CAG
Answer:
CAG
Explanation:
The delayed-response task (saying whether an object you saw a few seconds earlier is the "same" or "different") checks to see if what type of memory is working properly? A) LTM B) implicit memory C) semantic memory D) WM
The delayed-response task checks to see if working memory (WM) is functioning properly.
Working memory is a cognitive system responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information in the mind. It plays a crucial role in various cognitive tasks, including problem-solving, decision-making, and comprehension.
In the delayed-response task, an individual is presented with an object and then, after a short delay, is asked to determine whether a subsequent object is the same or different from the original one. This task requires the individual to retain the representation of the initial object in working memory during the delay period and compare it to the later object. If working memory is functioning properly, the individual should be able to successfully perform the task.
The other options mentioned in the question are not directly related to the delayed-response task. Long-term memory (LTM) refers to the storage of information over an extended period, whereas implicit memory is an unconscious form of memory that influences behavior without conscious awareness. Semantic memory, on the other hand, pertains to general knowledge and facts about the world. While these types of memory may play a role in some cognitive tasks, they are not specifically assessed in the delayed-response task.
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Why are the DNA molecules considered to be semi-Conservative?
Answer:
do you have the pic?
Explanation:
Answer:
DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative because of this process of replication, where the resulting double helix is composed of both an old strand and a new strand. ... Semiconservative replication would produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand.
Explanation:
The type of molecule represented below is found in organisms.
Which statement correctly describes the sequence of bases found in this type of molecule?
A) It changes every time it replicates
B) It determines the characteristics that will be inherited
C) It is exactly the same in all organisms
D) It directly controls the synthesis of starch within a cell
Answer:
B) It determines the characteristics that will be inherited
Explanation:
The molecule is DNA (it has a double helix structure) which contains genetic information needed for every living organism.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A and C are so incorrect. The reason why D is the correct answer is because DNA does not determine what gets inherited, just what gets added to the gene pool.
DNA does however control the synthesis of proteins by acting as instructions. Then these instructions are read and carried out by RNA to finally complete the process.
Hope this helps!
. Some people taste the chemical phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) as intensely bitter, while others cannot taste it at all. PTC is similar to chemicals in broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage, among other plants. Tasting PTC is a dominant trait; non-tasting is recessive. About 51% of people of European descent are tasters. If all of the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are met, then among people of European descent... a) What is the frequency of the non-taster phenotype
Answer:
The frequency of the non-taster phenotype among people of European descent is 49% or 0.49
Explanation:
Let us assume that the allele for tasting PTC is T, while that for not tasting PTC is t.
According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation : p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Also p + q = 1
Where p² is the frequency of individuals with the TT genotype for tasting PTC,; wow is the frequency of individuals with the heterozygous allele for tasting PTC, while q² is the frequency of the individuals with tt genotype expressed as the non-taster phenotype since the allele for tasting is dominant over that of the non-taster.
From the information provided 51% of people of European descent are tasters. Also, tasting PTC is dominant over non-tasting. This implies that individuals with TT genotype and Tt genotype will be phenotypically expressed as tasters.
Therefore p² + 2pq = 51% or 0.51
q² = 1 - p² + 2pq
q² = 1 - 0.51
q² = 0.49 or 49%
The frequency of the non-taster phenotype among people of European descent is 49% or 0.49
label the figure with some of the key metabolic processes involved in carbon flow in the biosphere. A) Mineral oxidation B Oxidative respiration Аому ATP c) Light absorption TOA D Glycolysis Carbon fixation
Here, glucose is metabolised by glycolysis in the cell cytoplasm, followed by the Krebs cycle and oxidative respiration, which releases ATP. Light absorption is a mechanism by which plants produce food.
What are cellular functions?The majority of processes are carried out by the cell, including glycolysis, where glucose is broken down and intermediates and ATP are produced. These intermediates then move on to the citric acid cycle and finally to the electron transport chain. The picture is included below.
So, the Krebs cycle happens first, then glycolysis takes place in the cell cytoplasm where glucose is broken down, and finally oxidative respiration where ATP is generated.
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The question is incomplete, complete question is below
Label the figure with some of the key metabolic processes involved in carbon flow in the biosphere. A) Mineral oxidation B) Oxidative respiration ATP C) Light absorption D) Glycolysis E) Carbon fixation
The bar chart shows the heights of pea plants grown from 500 pea seeds.What variation do the plants show?
A. Continuous variation only
B. Discontinuous variation only
C. Both continuous variation and discontinuous variation
D. Neither continuous variation and discontinuous variation
Answer:
C. Both continuous variation and discontinuous variation
Explanation:
this was the answer on my quiz a couple days ago
the processes of deletion, insertion, and substitution can alter genes in a skin cell. the altered genes will most likely be passed on to
Deletion, insertion, and substitution can alter genes in a skin cell, the altered genes will most likely be passed on to the next generation
The process of altering genes can happen due to deletion, insertion, and substitution. When any of these processes occur, it results in changes in the DNA sequence of the gene. The deletion process occurs when a certain nucleotide or a sequence of nucleotides is removed from the DNA strand, while insertion occurs when new nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence. Substitution, on the other hand, is the replacement of one nucleotide with another, and it can cause missense, nonsense, or silent mutations in the DNA sequence.
As a result of any of these processes, there may be alterations in the gene's function, leading to various consequences. The altered genes may then be passed on to the next generation through genetic transmission. This may result in inherited disorders or may have no noticeable effect on the offspring, depending on the type of gene involved. So therefore deletion, insertion, and substitution can alter genes in a skin cell, the altered genes will most likely be passed on to the next generation.
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maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. these are symptoms of
Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. these are symptoms of: hyperthyroidism.
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland generates an excessive amount of thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism accelerates the body's metabolism. This can cause many symptoms, including weight loss, hand tremors, and fast or irregular heartbeat.
Hyperthyroidism itself is not fatal, but it can lead to life-threatening complications if left untreated. These primarily affect the heart and include arrhythmia, high blood pressure (hypertension), cardiac arrest, and congestive heart failure.
Surgery to remove the thyroid gland or drug destruction of the thyroid gland cures hyperthyroidism. However, if the thyroid is removed or destroyed, people will need to take thyroid hormone replacements for the rest of their lives.
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Complete question:
maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. these are symptoms of : hypothyroidism. hyperthyroidism. hyperparathyroidism. hypoparathyroidism.