In the secondary structure of proteins, what type of bond dictates how the protein folds?.
Answers
In the secondary structure of proteins, the type of bond that dictates how the protein folds is called the hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds form between the amide groups (NH) and the carbonyl groups (C=O) of the peptide backbone. These bonds occur between different amino acids in the protein chain and play a crucial role in determining the folding pattern.
To understand how hydrogen bonds influence protein folding, it's important to know about the two main secondary structures: alpha helix and beta sheet. In an alpha helix, the hydrogen bond forms between the carbonyl oxygen of one amino acid and the amide hydrogen of an amino acid that is four residues away. This creates a helical structure. In a beta sheet, hydrogen bonds are formed between neighboring strands of the protein, creating a sheet-like structure. The formation of hydrogen bonds stabilizes the secondary structure of the protein, allowing it to fold into a specific shape. These bonds are relatively weak individually, but when many of them are present in a protein, they collectively provide stability and contribute to the overall three-dimensional structure. In addition to hydrogen bonds, other forces like hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, and disulfide bonds also play a role in protein folding. These forces work together to determine the final folded structure of a protein, which is crucial for its proper functioning.Overall, hydrogen bonds are an important factor in dictating how a protein folds. They contribute to the formation and stabilization of the secondary structure, which in turn influences the overall shape and function of the protein.
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Related Questions
write the name of era in which fern plant evolved ?
plz help
Answers
Answer:
late Devonian period
Explanation:
Answer:
Ferns evolved 360 million years ago
PLS AWNSER FAST WILL GIVE BRAINLY!!!!!!!!!
what types of of chromosomes are about the same size and contain the same type of genes?
A. Homologous chromosomes
Or
B. Analogous chromosomes
Or
C. Sister chromosomes
Answers
Answer:
Homologous chromosomes
Explanation:
Homologous chromosomes are chromosomes which contain the same genes in the same order along their chromosomal arms.
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new __________________, conceived in ____________________, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created ________________.
Now, we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we cannot _____________________--we cannot _______________________--we cannot ______________________--this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of _________________--and that government of the ________________, by the __________________, for the ____________________, shall not perish from the earth.
Answers
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate -- we cannot consecrate--we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
ilang hati ang gagawin mo sa pizza? bakit?
Answers
Answer:
I will make 8 slices....
because I do love it....
it depends on you and ur choice how many pieces of what type of shape you want to have...
What is interesting in human body?
Answers
Your body creates 25 million new cells every second. In other words, you will have generated more cells in 15 seconds than there are Americans. The femur, commonly referred to as the thigh bone, is the biggest bone in the human body. The stirrup bone, which is found inside your ear drum, is the tiniest bone.
What is an Human body?The framework of an individual is their body. It is made up of numerous different cell types that combine to form tissues and ultimately organ systems. They guarantee the survival of the human body and equilibrium.
It has a head, hair, neck, trunk, arms, hands, legs, and feet. The trunk includes the thorax and belly.
Human anatomy, physiology, histology, and embryology are all studied in depth. The anatomy of the body differs in well-known ways. The systems and organs of the human body, as well as how they work, are the main topics of physiology. In order to maintain homeostasis—with safe amounts of chemicals like sugar and oxygen in the blood—many systems and mechanisms interact.
Health experts, physiologists, anatomists, and painters all study the human body to aid in their respective fields.
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Summarize the nitrogen cycle using this photo.
Answers
The nitrogen cycle is a biogeochemical process where nitrogen enters the soil and then organisms, changing into a variety of forms before returning to the atmosphere.
What is the significance of nitrogen cycle in ecosystem?It aides in the metabolic conversion of inert nitrogen gas into a form that plants can utilize.
Bacteria assist in the ammonification process' indirect contribution to environmental cleanup by assisting in the breakdown of animal and plant waste.
Therefore, It involves a number of chemical reactions, including the fixation of nitrogen, nitrification, denitrification, decay, and putrefaction.
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which of the mutation types is least likely to have a phenotypic effect?
Answers
The type of mutation least likely to have a phenotypic impact is a silent mutation, sometimes referred to as a synonymous mutation. A form of point mutation known as a silent mutation does not alter the amino acid sequence of a protein.
This is due to the genetic code's degeneracy, which allows for the possibility of several codons encoding the same amino acid. Hence, a silent mutation that switches a codon from one that codes for an amino acid to another will not alter the structure or function of the protein. Silent mutations are therefore often regarded as neutral mutations that do not significantly affect the phenotype. Large, intricate molecules consisting of numerous long chains of amino acids make up proteins. These are crucial macromolecules that have a variety of functions in the human body, including immunological protection, signalling, structural support, and enzymatic catalysis. Almost all physiological processes involve proteins, and each protein has a different amino acid sequence that determines its distinct functions.
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HELP! Due yesterday;-;
Answers
The experiment shows that the brand of the energy drink is the independent variable.
What is independent variable?The independent variable is the variable that is changed during the experiment. This is the variable that is manipulated in the course of the study and it results to changes in the independent variable.
The independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated while the dependent variable is the variable that changes as we change the independent variable. We shall now look critically at the experiment to see the variables involved in the procedure.
1) Considering the experiment, the independent variable is the brand of the energy drink
2) The dependent variable here is the number of packages delivered.
3) The possible constant is the weight and size of the packages
4) Water was given to the workers to compare its effect against the energy drink
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Why are invasive alien species a problem? Name one invasive
alien species and explain.
The question is related to geography.
Answers
Invasive alien species are a problem because they can cause significant ecological and economic damage to their new environments. They outcompete native species for resources, disrupt ecosystems, and reduce biodiversity. One example of an invasive alien species is the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha).
The zebra mussel is native to the Caspian Sea and was accidentally introduced to North America in the ballast water of ships.
They have since spread to many water bodies across the continent.
Zebra mussels reproduce rapidly and form dense clusters, clogging pipes and damaging infrastructure.
They also filter large amounts of phytoplankton from the water, impacting the food chain and causing declines in native species.
In geography, invasive alien species are studied because they can have significant impacts on ecosystems and human activities.
Governments and organizations monitor and manage invasive species to mitigate their negative effects.
In summary, invasive alien species pose a problem due to their ability to disrupt ecosystems and cause economic harm.
The zebra mussel serves as an example of an invasive alien species that has had widespread negative impacts.
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How are the testes and ovaries similar?
A.
Both store mature sex cells.
B.
Both produce sex cells.
C.
Both transport sex cells from their site of production.
D.
Both connect internal reproductive organs to the exterior.
Answers
IN SIR model, what is the most likely time to recover based on
the
value of γ?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation: In the SIR model , the time to recover depends on several factors ,s
uch as the characteristics of the disease, effectiveness of treatment and the individual's immune response. The variable y is not typically used in SIR , so it is unclear how it relates to the time recover .
In SIR model, the recovery rate is reperesented by " 1/ gamma" Where gamma is a recovery rate . The recovery rate is the inverse of the average duration of the infectious period. So, if the infectious period is 5 , then the recovery rate would be 1/5 or 0.2.
Which of the following organisms are not considered microbes?
A. Protozoa
B. Viruses
C. Bacteria
D. Mosquitoes
E. Fungi
Answers
The term "microbes" in and of itself has a very broad range of applications and is used to refer to a variety of tiny species, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protista, viruses, and others. Thus, option D is correct.
What are the main characteristics of microbes?Mosquitoes carry infections that can lead to a variety of deadly diseases; they also support a rich and dynamic microbial ecology that includes viruses, eukaryotic fungus, and prokaryotic bacteria.
The microbiota in the mosquito's gut has a significant impact on host physiology, including immunity, blood digestion, growth, and reproduction.
These creatures, which are also known as microbes, can only be seen under a microscope. The term "microbes" in and of itself has a very broad range of applications and is used to refer to a variety of tiny species, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, Protista, viruses, and others.
Therefore, Mosquitoes are not considered as microbes.
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The term "microbes" in and of itself has a very broad range of applications and is used to refer to a variety of tiny species, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protista, viruses, and others. Thus, option D is correct.
What are the main characteristics of microbes?Mosquitoes carry infections that can lead to a variety of deadly diseases; they also support a rich and dynamic microbial ecology that includes viruses, eukaryotic fungus, and prokaryotic bacteria.
The microbiota in the mosquito's gut has a significant impact on host physiology, including immunity, blood digestion, growth, and reproduction.
These creatures, which are also known as microbes, can only be seen under a microscope. The term "microbes" in and of itself has a very broad range of applications and is used to refer to a variety of tiny species, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, Protista, viruses, and others.
Therefore, Mosquitoes are not considered as microbes.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. "When the sister chromatids are completely separated from one another,
they are referred to as ___________ chromosomes."
Answers
When the sister chromatids are completely separated from one another during the process of cell division, they are referred to as "individual" chromosomes.
The separation in the process of cell divisionThis separation occurs during anaphase, a stage of mitosis or meiosis, where spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart.
Once they are fully separated and move to opposite poles of the cell, they are considered individual chromosomes.
These individual chromosomes will then be distributed into the resulting daughter cells during cytokinesis, ensuring that each cell receives an equal and complete set of genetic information.
This process is crucial for maintaining the correct chromosome number in offspring cells, allowing for proper growth, development, and function of an organism.
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what elements are nonmetallic
Answers
Answer:
Elements: Helium; Nitrogen; Neon; Oxygen;...
Seventeen elements are generally classified as nonmetals: most are gases (hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon, chlorine, argon, krypton, xenon and radon); one is a liquid (bromine); and a few are solids (carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, and iodine).
Explanation:
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Vaccines are given to provide protection against pathogen causing infections. Which of
the following statements best describes how vaccines work?
Group of answer choices
A. Antibodies in the vaccine provide the body with nonspecific immunity to an antigen.
B. Fever and swelling develop which is the first response in killing a pathogen.
C. An inactivated or killed virus stimulates the body to develop specific immunity to that type of virus.
D. Heathy bacteria causes the body to release toxins which will protect the body if later exposed to different type of bacteria.
Answers
Answer: Vaccines contain weakened or inactive parts of a particular organism (antigen) that triggers an immune response within the body. Newer vaccines contain the blueprint for producing antigens rather than the antigen itself. Regardless of whether the vaccine is made up of the antigen itself or the blueprint so that the body will produce the antigen, this weakened version will not cause the disease in the person receiving the vaccine, but it will prompt their immune system to respond much as it would have on its first reaction to the actual pathogen.
most respiration occurs in oragnelles called
Answers
Answer:
mitochondrion
Explanation:
how to help a student feel valued
Answers
Answer:
give the student what he\she wants
Answer:
tell him he's special and that what he has gone through has made him the person he is
3
3
Part A
(a)
Select the descriptions into the correct order to show how zebra
mussels can affect a waterway.
1.
2.
3.
4
Answers
Zebra mussels are a type of small freshwater mussel that are native to the lakes and rivers of Eurasia. They were first discovered in the Great Lakes region of North America in the 1980s, and since then, they have become a major invasive species.
Zebra mussels are considered invasive because they can quickly colonize new habitats and outcompete native species for resources. They can also damage infrastructure such as pipes, docks, and boat hulls by attaching themselves to these surfaces and clogging them. In addition, zebra mussels can alter the ecosystem by altering the food web and altering the composition of the sediment on the bottom of lakes and rivers.
There are several reasons why zebra mussels should be of concern to people in North America. First, they can have a significant impact on the environment, damaging infrastructure and altering the ecosystem. Second, they can be difficult and expensive to control once they have established themselves in a new habitat. Finally, they can pose a risk to human health if they contaminate drinking water supplies or if people come into contact with them while swimming or fishing.
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Correct Question:
What are zebra mussels and why should we care about them?
Suppose an entire colony of lemmings is chased by a predator and most of them jump off a cliff and perish. Fortunately, a few of them don't jump and re-establish their colony (Re-established Colony) and a few of the jumpers land in the water, survive the fall and establish a second colony on a nearby island (Island Colony). Which of the following characterizes the type of change causing a reduction in the genetic variation that occurs in these 2 colonies?
Answers
Answer:
re-established colony is bottleneck effect and island colony is a founder effect
Explanation:
since the re-established colony was created after the death of a large number of lemmings, it was a random event so it is a bottleneck effect. the surviving lemmings that jumped into water made their own, new population, which would be a founder effect
The re-established colony is the result of the bottle-neck effect, while the island colony is the result of the founder effect. In both situations, there will be a reduction in genetic diversity.
What do you mean by Genetic variations?Genetic variations may be defined as the presence of differences in the sequence of genes between individuals organisms of a species.
In an island colony, a founder effect may arise which states that a few individuals of lemmings from a population start a new population with a different allele frequency than the original population.
In the re-established colony, a genetic bottleneck changes the genetic variation, which develops when a population undergoes a drastic reduction in population size.
Therefore, the re-established colony is the result of the bottle-neck effect, while the island colony is the result of the founder effect.
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The potential difference across a resting neuron in the human body is about 66.0 mV and carries a current of about 0.325 mA. How much power does the neuron release
Answers
The power released by a neuron is given byP = IVWhere:P = Power in watts (W)I = Current in amperes (A)V = Potential difference in volts (V)Given that the potential difference across the neuron is 66.0 mV = 0.066 VAnd the current carried by the neuron is 0.325 mA = 0.000325 ATherefore,P = IV= 0.000325 A × 0.066 V= 2.145 × 10⁻⁵ W.
Therefore, the power released by the neuron is 2.145 × 10⁻⁵ W. Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. In this case, we are calculating the power released by a neuron. The formula to calculate power is P = V x I, where P represents power, V represents voltage, and I represents current.
Given that the potential difference (voltage) across the resting neuron is 66.0 mV (or 0.066 V) and the current passing through it is 0.325 mA (or 0.000325 A), we can substitute these values into the formula.
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What is the combining form for cardiology?
Answers
The combining form for cardiology is "cardi/o". It is derived from the Greek word "kardia," which means heart. This combining form is used in medical terminology to refer to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and conditions related to the heart.
For example, "cardiologist" is a medical specialist who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases and conditions, and "cardiogram" refers to a recording of the electrical activity of the heart.
Cardiomyopathy: A disease of the heart muscle that can lead to heart failure and other complications.
Cardiovascular: Referring to the heart and blood vessels.
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): A test that records the electrical activity of the heart to assess its function.
Pericarditis: Inflammation of the sac that surrounds the heart (the pericardium).
Tachycardia: A fast heart rate, typically defined as a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute.
The combining form "cardi/o" is used in many other medical terms related to the heart, including diagnostic tests, procedures, and treatments. Its use helps to provide a standardized and efficient way of communicating about the heart and its related conditions within the medical field.
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Some resources are considered limited. These resources are renewable if they are used carefully. Which of these is an example of a limited resource?
A. Aluminum
B. Geothermal energy
C. Solar energy
D. Fertile soil
Answers
Answer:
Fertile soil
If soil erosion becomes so large then the soil will lose fertility.
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Where does Most of the carbon dioxide in the ocean come from?
1. the air
2. plants and a Animals
3. all the above
4. large factories and transportation
Answers
Which finch shown below most use it beak to crack open nut or seed
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
if fever is something that could be transferred from person to person, then …
Answers
Microscopic organisms (such as bacteria or viruses) infiltrate the body and create problems, resulting in infectious disorders.
Some infectious illnesses, but not all, are passed directly from person to person. Infectious disorders that spread from person to person are known as contagious diseases.Some illnesses are transmitted to people by animals or bugs but not by other humans.
Lyme disease is one example: you cannot contract it from someone you know or from someone you pass on the street. The bite of an infected tick causes it.Contagious illnesses (such as the flu or strep throat) can be transmitted in a variety of ways.
Direct physical contact, such as touching or kissing an infected person, is one route.Learn more about contagious diseases here,
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Water constitutes about 75 percent of an adult's body weight. T/F
Answers
False. Water does not constitute about 75 percent of an adult's body weight.
While water is a vital component of the human body, the percentage of water in the body varies depending on several factors such as age, sex, body composition, and overall health. On average, water makes up approximately 60 percent of an adult's body weight. However, this value can range from about 45 to 75 percent, with individual variations.
The percentage of water in the body tends to be higher in lean individuals and lower in individuals with higher body fat percentages. Additionally, infants and children have higher water percentages due to their higher body water content compared to adults.
Water plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including temperature regulation, nutrient absorption, waste removal, and maintenance of overall health. It is essential to maintain proper hydration by consuming an adequate amount of water and other fluids throughout the day to support these physiological functions.
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Describe how an action potential arriving at a presynaptic membrane of a neurone can result
In the depolarisation of the membrane of a post-synaptic neurone.
Answers
2. Nat, moves sideways / attracted to areas at resting potential,A local circuit
3. causes, Na+ ion channels to open / 2nd depolarisation
4. (transmission) in one direction due to, hyperpolarisation / refractory period
5. myelin sheath / Schwann cell
sheath insulates, axon / dendron / neurone
6. depolarisation / action potential, only at nodes of Ranvier / unmyelinated part ora
7. saltatory conduction / action potential
'umps' from node to node
What are the properties of an ideal drug?
a. ease of administration
b. predictability
c. irreversible action
d. a recognizable trade name
e. chemical stability
Answers
In conclusion, an ideal drug should have ease of administration, predictability, reversible or irreversible action depending on the condition, a recognizable trade name, and chemical stability to ensure optimal patient care.
The properties of an ideal drug are crucial for its effectiveness and safety. Here are some important characteristics:
1. Ease of administration: An ideal drug should be easy to administer, whether orally, topically, or through injection. This ensures patient compliance and convenience.
2. Predictability: The drug's effects should be predictable and consistent. This allows healthcare professionals to anticipate its actions and tailor treatment accordingly.
3. Irreversible action: A drug with irreversible action would have long-lasting effects, reducing the need for frequent dosing.
However, this property may not be desirable for all drugs, as some conditions may require reversible actions.
4. A recognizable trade name: A recognizable trade name makes it easier for healthcare professionals and patients to identify and recall the drug. This helps prevent confusion and ensures accurate prescription and administration.
5. Chemical stability: An ideal drug should have chemical stability, meaning it remains unchanged and effective during storage and use. This ensures its potency and shelf life.
In conclusion, an ideal drug should have ease of administration, predictability, reversible or irreversible action depending on the condition, a recognizable trade name, and chemical stability to ensure optimal patient care.
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Hybrid instruments that play sounds that are part sampled and part synthesized are known as:
Answers
Analyze
1. What are the biotic and abiotic factors the scientists monitor which influence
this bat population?
2. How did the carrying capacity of bats change between Year One and Year
Two? How did the biotic and abiotic factors change between Year One and
Year Two? Summarize how the changes in the different biotic and abiotic
factors influenced the bat population.
3. How would the bat population influence the number of cactus fruit that
develop?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
1-Biotic factors that a population needs include food availability. Abiotic factors may include space, water, and climate. The carrying capacity of an environment is reached when the number of births equal the number of deaths. A limiting factor determines the carrying capacity for a species
2-
Carrying capacity, or the maximum number of individuals that an environment can sustain over time without destroying or degrading the environment, is determined by a few key factors: food availability, water, and space. These key factors have the ability to limit, or even reduce a population by lowering birth rates, increasing the death rate, or encouraging migration. For this reason, these are referred to as ‘limiting factors.’ When there are no limiting factors a population can grow exponentially.
Abiotic vs. Biotic Limiting Factors
These limiting factors can be further broken down into abiotic or biotic limiting factors. Abiotic factors are non-living physical and chemical elements in the ecosystem, such as sunlight, temperature, soil, water, and oxygen. Biotic factors are living or once-living organisms in the ecosystem, such as food, disease, competition, and predators. As an example, we can look at bison in Yellowstone National Park. They have to compete with elk and other ungulates while foraging for food, a biotic factor. One abiotic factor limiting bison is the weather, as heavy winter snows can drive them out of the park.
Limiting Factors Based on Density
We can also look at factors that determine carrying capacity in terms of their density-dependence. Density-dependent limiting factors make the per capita growth rate decrease as the population increases. Density-dependent limiting factors tend to be biotic, including factors such as food and disease. For example, in a population of panthers, there is access to a fixed amount of food. When the population remains small there will be plenty of food for all panthers. When the panther population gets large enough the food may become insufficient, leading to competition among panthers, from this competition, panthers may starve, or die, and stop reproducing. As such, the per capita growth rate of the panther population may shrink or level off. Food in this case is an example of a density-dependent limiting factor.
A melanistic Indian leopard in Nagarhole National Park
Density-independent limiting factors are factors that affect the per capita growth rate regardless of how dense a population is and include factors such as a flood, drought, and habitat destruction. Consider a flash flood occurs in the panther habitat. The flood has the ability to kill any panther that is in the wrong place at the wrong time, independent of how many panthers are in the area. In this case, the flood, or natural disaster, is the density-independent limiting factor.
Limiting Factors and Humans
While food and water supply, habitat space, and competition with other species are some of the limiting factors affecting the carrying capacity of a given environment, in human populations, other variables such as sanitation, diseases, and medical care are also at play. Often, some variables are not equitably distributed among human populations with some consuming more than others, and with affluence on the rise globally, human carrying capacity is neither static nor easy to calculate.
Teaching Carrying Capacity in the Classroom
Help your students understand carrying capacity by sharing the activity Panther Hunt where acting as panthers, students compete for limited “prey” resources in the classroom “environment.” Or, Habitat Scramble where students act as individuals of species in a habitat trying to survive by collecting cards that represent essential habitat resources and explore what happens when a habitat is disrupted.
Photo Credits: Bison herd grazing in Yellowstone: Euphoria42, A melanistic Indian leopard in Nagarhole National Park: Davidvraju
The biotic and abiotic factors the scientist's monitor that influence this bat population are cactus growth and rainfall respectively.
What do you mean by Abiotic factors?Abiotic factors may be defined as the part of the ecosystem that belongs to the category of non-living such as temperature, rainfall, pH of the soil, fire, etc.
The carrying capacity of the bats may decline in year two as compared to year one. Biotic and abiotic factors may also decline in year two as compared to year one. The population of the bat majorly depends on the biotic factor. The population may increase when the cactus flowers as well as cactus fruits increases, and the population of a bat may decrease when cactus flowers, as well as cactus fruits, decrease.
The population of bats reduces the number of cactus fruits. This is because cactus fruits may be considered as a food source for a bat population.
Therefore, the biotic and abiotic factors the scientist's monitor that influence this bat population are cactus growth and rainfall respectively.
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