Order the steps for preparing and running column chromatography.


1. Add cotton and sand as support for the adsorbent

2. Pack the column with adsorbent

3. Place the mixture on the packing material

4. Elute the fractions with increasingly polar solvents

5. Collect and analyze the fractions with TLC

Sometimes referred to as DNA-DNA hybridization, this process hybridizes the genetic information from two different organisms to determine similarities between them.

Scientists separate strands of DNA from both species using heat, which breaks the bonds between the base pairs that link the two sides of the double helix.

The term "DNA sequencing" refers to a common laboratory procedure for figuring out the precise order of bases, or nucleotides, in a DNA molecule.

The biological information that cells require to develop and function is encoded in the sequence of the bases, which are frequently referred to by the initial letters of their chemical names: A, T, C, and G.

Therefore, Sometimes referred to as DNA-DNA hybridization, this process hybridizes the genetic information from two different organisms to determine similarities between them.

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DNA plays four roles in cells: storing genetic information, facilitating DNA replication, controlling gene expression, and contributing to genetic variation. These roles are influenced by DNA's double helix structure, complementary base pairing, and sequence of nucleotides.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) plays four essential roles in cells:

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At which point does warm air begin to rise before colliding with cold air. 3

Answer:

3

Explanation:

Answer:

by which large pieces of food are cut and crushed into

by which large pieces of food are cut and crushed intosmaller pieces is called:

d. mechanical digestion

5. The tube that connects the mouth to the stomach is the:

a. oesophagus

5. The hard, outer coating of the tooth is called:

b. enamel

- The building blocks of proteins are:

c. amino acids

5. Which of the following vitamins is made by the body?

a. vitamin D- b. vitamin A c. vitamin C

. Having too little of the mineral iron can cause:

b. goitre

The wavelike motion that moves food through the digestive tract is called:

d. peristalsis

Gastric juice contains all of the following except:

d. bile

The process by which large food molecules are broken down into smaller food

The process by which large food molecules are broken down into smaller foodmolecules is:

c. mechanical digestion

Fats are digested in the:

b. small intestine

Poor nutrition caused by an unbalanced diet is called:

c. malnutrition

The fingerlike projections on the lining of the small intestine are called:

b. villi

\(.\)

Answer:

d. mechanical digestion

a. esophagus

b. enamel

c. amino acids

a. vitamin D

c. anemia

d. peristalsis

b. pepsin

a. chyme

c. absorption

b. mucus

a. chemical digestion

b. small intestine

c. malnutrition

b. villi

Not 100% sure on some of these but very positive on most of them :) Hope this helps.

Explanation:

Answer:  D

Explanation:

A positive feedback loop occurs in nature when the product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction.

In choice D melting of sea ice opens more ocean to sunlight which causes more ice to melt which demonstrated a positive feedback loop.

The significant example of a positive feedback loop in the climate system i.e. polar should be at the time when the ice of the sea should be melt that there should be more ocean that results in more melting.

The following information related to the positive feedback loop is:

Therefore we can conclude that option d is correct.

All other options seem incorrect.

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Answer:

Cellular respiration

Explanation:

Answer:

limited resources

Explanation:

Resources like infrastructure, land, water, food etc are essential to stay in any area. With limited infrastructure services the living quality of an area degrades. Like wise non availability of resources like water, land (or very costly land due to high demand) also degraded the living condition in any urban area.

Answer:polar easterlies, westerlies, horse latitudes, trade winds, and the doldrums.

Explanation:

Answer:

Cells make up tissues

Explanation:

Bioaccumulation is the process of a substance being absorbed by an organism at a rate greater than the rate of elimination.

In mathematics and computer science, elimination is a process of solving a system of equations by reducing them to a simpler form. This can be done in several ways, such as by combining equations, eliminating variables, and using substitution methods. By applying the principles of elimination, one can either determine the solution of the system of equations or use it as a tool to further reduce the complexity of the system. Elimination is a powerful tool and can be used in many areas of mathematics, including linear algebra, calculus, and numerical analysis.

This can occur with essential nutrients, persistent pollutants like PCBs, and toxins. It is not exclusive to marine ecosystems, but can occur in any ecosystem. Bioaccumulation can also result in a high mortality rate in organisms that have been exposed to a toxin.

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Answer:

They have genes for the same traits

Explanation:

The sympathetic nervous system mobilizes the body when one needs to exert tremendous energy, such as fleeing from an attacker.

The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions. Its primary role is to prepare the body for stressful or emergency situations, commonly known as the "fight-or-flight" response.

When a person encounters a threatening or dangerous situation, the sympathetic nervous system activates to rapidly mobilize the body's resources for survival. This response involves a coordinated series of physiological changes that prepare the individual to either confront the threat or escape from it. Some of the key features of sympathetic nervous system activation include:

1. Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure: The sympathetic nerves stimulate the heart to beat faster and stronger, increasing cardiac output and raising blood pressure to ensure adequate blood flow to essential organs and muscles.

2. Dilated Pupils: The sympathetic nerves cause the pupils to dilate, improving vision and increasing the amount of light entering the eyes to enhance awareness and peripheral vision.

3. Bronchodilation: The sympathetic activation relaxes the smooth muscles in the airways, leading to bronchodilation. This allows for increased airflow to the lungs, optimizing oxygen intake for heightened physical performance.

4. Enhanced Glucose Release: The sympathetic response stimulates the release of glucose from the liver and muscles, providing a readily available energy source to support increased physical exertion.

5. Suppressed Digestion and Urination: The sympathetic activation reduces digestive activities and inhibits bladder contractions, redirecting blood flow and energy away from non-essential functions to the areas of immediate importance.

These physiological changes collectively prepare the body to respond to perceived threats by mobilizing energy, enhancing sensory acuity, and optimizing physical performance. The sympathetic nervous system plays a vital role in survival situations, enabling individuals to exert tremendous energy when faced with potential danger or the need for immediate action.

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Answer

A. Blood group

Explanation

B

Mitosis is a process by which the cell divides itself, creating two identical cells. Therefore, the correct answer is B. cell division.

B, mitosis is a form of cell division. Hope this helps! :)

Cytosine base is methylated in DNA methylation.

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Answer: a b c

Explanation: lol I just got it wrong so ik the answers

A) rising sea-levels and ocean acidification

B) changes in precipitation resulting in flooding and droughts

C) more extreme, erratic, unpredictable weather, including intense hurricanes

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that occurs when certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, trap heat from the sun. These gases act like a blanket, keeping the Earth's surface warm enough to sustain life. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would be too cold to support most forms of life.

However, human activities such as burning fossil fuels have increased the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to an enhanced greenhouse effect and global warming. This is a significant environmental issue as it can cause harmful impacts on ecosystems and human societies.

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Answer:

No they are not responsible for diabetes

Answer:

Muscle contraction occurs when the thin actin and thick myosin filaments slide past each other. It is generally assumed that this process is driven by cross-bridges which extend from the myosin filaments and cyclically interact with the actin filaments as ATP is hydrolysed.

In the hierarchy of organisms, the ecosystem level is the first that includes biotic and abiotic.

The correct answer to the given question is option A and C.

The ecosystem level is the first level in the hierarchy of organisms that includes biotic and abiotic factors. The ecosystem level is a community of living organisms and their environment interacting together as a system.There are different levels in the hierarchy of organisms that define their nature and the ways they interact. Biotic and abiotic factors are two different categories of life on Earth.

Biotic factors are living organisms that interact with each other and the environment, while abiotic factors are non-living aspects of the environment. Some examples of biotic factors include animals, plants, and bacteria, while examples of abiotic factors include water, sunlight, and soil.The ecosystem is the first level of the hierarchy of organisms that includes both biotic and abiotic factors.

An ecosystem is a complex community of living and non-living things that interact with each other in various ways. At this level, organisms depend on each other and their environment to survive. In a forest ecosystem, for example, trees and other plants provide oxygen and food for animals, while animals help pollinate plants and disperse seeds to grow new plants.

Abiotic factors like soil, water, and sunlight also play a crucial role in the ecosystem by providing nutrients and energy for living organisms to thrive.The ecosystem level is an essential level of the hierarchy of organisms because it shows how different living and non-living things interact with each other. This interaction helps to create a balanced and sustainable environment for all life on Earth.

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Answer:

D. can spill during transport and disrupt ecosystems

Explanation:

The correct option would be "D. can spill during transport and disrupt ecosystems" as it is not a risk of renewable energy sources, as renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power do not involve transport of fuels and do not have the risk of spills.

Cytoplasmic streaming is the directed circular flow of cytoplasm, inclusions, and organelles within a cell, and it is important in the distribution of materials and maintenance of cell shape.

Cytoplasmic streaming occurs due to the coordinated movement of microfilaments and microtubules within the cytoplasm. The circular flow of cytoplasm helps distribute materials, such as nutrients and waste products, throughout the cell. It also helps to maintain the overall shape of the cell by preventing the accumulation of materials in one area, which could potentially cause the cell to deform. Cytoplasmic streaming also plays a role in the transport of organelles and inclusions within the cell. For example, it helps distribute mitochondria, which are responsible for producing energy, throughout the cytoplasm. It also helps to transport ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis, to areas of the cell where they are needed. In conclusion, cytoplasmic streaming is an important mechanism for the distribution of materials and maintenance of cell shape within a cell. The circular flow of cytoplasm, inclusions, and organelles helps to distribute materials and ensure that the cell functions efficiently.

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Radiometric dating

is a process that uses the decay of isotopes to determine the

age

of an

object.

In the process of radiometric dating, the

isotopes

of

radioactive elements

are used. The parent isotope is the isotope that decays, and the daughter isotope is the isotope that is produced by the decay. The

half-life

of an isotope is the amount of time it takes for half of the isotopes to

decay.

To date, an object, the amount of the

parent isotope

and the amount of the daughter isotope are measured. The ratio of the parent isotope to the

daughter isotope

can be used to determine the age of the object. The half-life of the isotope is used to calculate the

age

of the object.

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The block that requires the anesthetic agent to be injected into the muscle bundle behind the eye is called a retrobulbar block.

This technique is used to provide anesthesia and analgesia for ocular surgeries and procedures.

Retrobulbar Block: A retrobulbar block is a type of regional anesthesia technique used to numb the eye and the surrounding structures. It involves the injection of an anesthetic agent into the muscle bundle located behind the eye, called the retrobulbar space.

Purpose: The main purpose of a retrobulbar block is to provide anesthesia, which is the temporary loss of sensation, and analgesia, which is the relief of pain, for ocular surgeries and procedures. It helps in minimizing discomfort and pain experienced by the patient during the procedure.

Procedure: The retrobulbar block is typically performed by an ophthalmologist or an anesthesiologist. Before the injection, the patient's eye is usually prepared with a local antiseptic to reduce the risk of infection.

A thin, sharp needle is then inserted through the conjunctiva, which is the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye, and into the retrobulbar space.

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Neutrophils are the most numerous leukocytes in circulation, it is the first leukocyte recruited from the bloodstream to injured tissues, and releases potent antimicrobial peptides.

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell, they are granulated and have a multilobed nucleus. The cytoplasmic granules contain microbicidal substances.

The major functions of neutrophils are:

Neutrophils play a very important role in immune functions as they are the first cells to travel to the site of infection and disintegrate the pathogen by microbicidal substances in their granules and by phagocytosis.

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The pair of amino acids which can form an ionic-ionic (salt bridge) interaction is option c. aspartic acid and lysine.

An -amino acid involved in the production of proteins is aspartic acid. It has an amino group and a carboxylic acid, just like all other amino acids. An amino acid that is not necessary is aspartic acid. Proteins are composed of amino acids. The term "non-essential" refers to an amino acid that our systems can make on their own even if we do not consume it in diet.

An -amino acid called lysine is a building block of numerous proteins. It is a basic, charged, aliphatic amino acid because it has a -amino group, a -carboxylic acid group, and a side chain lysyl. The codons AAA and AAG encode it.

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Answer:

What are the two main types of cells?

- Prokaryotic

- Eukaryotic

What is the difference between these cells?

- Prokaryotic (no nucleus)

- Eukaryotic (contains a nucleus)

Draw and label an animal cell.

Pic included below

Draw and label a plant cell.

Pic included below

Explanation:

I hope this helps :)

The study of comparative anatomy of vertebrates showed that the bones in the forearms of humans and legs of dogs and wings of bats are the same bones.This observation raised the question of whether humans, dogs, and bats all share a common ancestor.

Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. This allows scientists to see similarities in the bones of different species and hypothesize about evolutionary relationships between them.

Bone similarities in human forearms and dog legs and bat wings raise questions regarding their phylogenetic and evolutionary significance. In some living things that have the same characteristics it is usually thought that they have a kinship with their ancestors and then evolve due to various things such as natural selection to produce new species.

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According to the mechanism of natural selection, explain how the change you described in Part A will occur. Thus, option "B" is correct.

"Adaptation of Insects"

The following that is an adaptation that would promote insect herbivory is the Insects evolve new taste receptors that trigger an avoidance reaction to the toxin.

Plants are regularly fed upon herbivorous creepy crawlies. to get security against such assaults plant has created a few instruments like generation of poisons and unstable substance that either slaughter the bother or pull in the normal adversaries of the creepy crawlies respectively.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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The genotype for the enzyme that synthesizes melanin indicating carrier status is typically represented as heterozygous.

The synthesis of melanin, the pigment responsible for determining the color of skin, hair, and eyes, is influenced by various genes. One of the key enzymes involved in melanin production is called tyrosinase. Mutations or variations in the gene encoding tyrosinase can affect its activity and lead to differences in melanin synthesis.

There are different alleles (alternative forms of a gene) for the tyrosinase gene, and variations in these alleles can influence the enzyme's function. In general, carriers of a particular trait or condition possess one normal allele and one altered allele. This is referred to as being heterozygous for the gene.

It's important to note that the specific genotype indicating carrier status for melanin synthesis can depend on the specific mutation or variant in the tyrosinase gene being considered.

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The extracellular fluid compartment includes Interstitial fluid, Blood plasma, Cerebral spinal fluid, Pleural and pericardial fluid. The correct options are A, B, C, and D.

Extracellular fluid (ECF) refers to all the body fluids that are outside of cells.

This includes interstitial fluid, blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural and pericardial fluid, and synovial fluid. Cytoplasm is not considered extracellular fluid as it is contained within cells.

The extracellular fluid (ECF) plays a vital role in maintaining the body's homeostasis by providing nutrients to cells and removing waste products from them. Some of the key uses of extracellular fluid include: Transport, Waste removal, and Buffering.

Thus, the correct options are A, B, C, and D.

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