Peptidoglycan is present in the cell walls of which of the following groups of organisms? you can select more than one if more than one applies)
-plants -archaea
-protists
-eubacteria
Answers
Peptidoglycan is present in the cell walls of: option (D) which is "eubacteria"
Peptidoglycan is a molecule that makes up the cell walls of most bacteria. This makes it an excellent target for the development of antibiotics that specifically target bacteria but not other organisms since no other organisms have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide and peptide complex that makes up the majority of bacterial cell walls. In the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria, it forms a thin, protective layer around the plasma membrane, while in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria, it makes up a much thicker, more extensive layer.
It provides the bacteria with structural support and protects it from osmotic pressure changes that would otherwise cause the cell to burst or shrivel up. The presence of peptidoglycan in bacteria cell walls provides the basis for Gram staining, a technique used to differentiate bacterial species. Peptidoglycan is not present in the cell walls of any other type of organism except eubacteria.
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Related Questions
The only important animal source of carbohydrates is _____ found in ______. A. Lactose; meat B. Glucose; meat C. Lactose; milk D. Maltose; milk
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The only important animal source of carbohydrates is lactose found in milk. (option A)
Carbohydrates are one of the essential macronutrients required by living organisms for energy. While carbohydrates are predominantly found in plant-based foods, there are limited animal sources of carbohydrates. Among these sources, lactose found in milk is the most important animal-derived carbohydrate.Lactose: Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose molecules. It is the primary carbohydrate present in the milk of mammals, including cows, goats, and humans. Lactose serves as the main source of energy for mammalian infants and plays a vital role in their growth and development.Milk: Milk is produced by mammals to provide essential nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, to their offspring. It serves as a complete food source for young mammals. The lactose present in milk is hydrolyzed by the enzyme lactase in the small intestine of infants, allowing them to digest and absorb the glucose and galactose for energy.Importance of lactose as an animal source of carbohydrates: While carbohydrates are abundant in plant-based foods like grains, fruits, and vegetables, lactose is a significant animal-derived carbohydrate. It provides a readily available source of energy for mammalian infants during their early stages of development when they are solely reliant on milk for nourishment.Other options: The other options listed in the question, such as glucose, maltose, and meat, are not accurate. Glucose is a monosaccharide and is not exclusively found in animal sources. Maltose is a disaccharide, but it is not typically found in significant amounts in milk. As for meat, it is primarily a source of protein and fats, rather than carbohydrates.In conclusion, the only important animal source of carbohydrates is lactose found in milk. It serves as a crucial carbohydrate source for mammalian infants during their early stages of development. (optionA)For more such questions on source of carbohydrates, click on:
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If you run at 12 m/s for 15 s, how far will you go?
Answers
Answer:
can I have brainleis answer
Answer: 10.8 km
Explanation: S=vt = 12m/s*15*60 = 10800 m = 10.8 km
So I go 10.8 km
which is not a formed element of the blood? a. erythrocyte b. neither a nor b are formed elements of the blood. c. albumin d. platelet
Answers
Albumin is not a formed element of the blood. The correct option is C.
Formed elements of the blood refer to cellular components, such as erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets. These elements are produced in the bone marrow and have specific functions in the body, such as oxygen transport, immune defense, and blood clotting.
Albumin, on the other hand, is a protein found in the plasma (the liquid component of blood). It is produced in the liver and serves to maintain osmotic pressure in the blood vessels, transport substances like hormones and fatty acids, and act as a buffer to maintain pH levels.
While albumin is an important component of blood, it is not considered a formed element because it is not a cellular component. Instead, it is a protein dissolved in the plasma.
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hsiung R, Nieva H, Clavert A. Scrotal hyperthermia and varicocele. InTemperature and Environmental effects on the testis 1991 (pp. 241-244). Springer, Boston, MA.
Answers
The study by Hsiung, Nieva, and Clavert titled "Scrotal Hyperthermia and Varicocele" explores the relationship between increased scrotal temperature and the development of varicocele, a condition characterized by the enlargement of veins within the scrotum. The research focuses on the effects of temperature and environmental factors on testicular function.
The authors discuss how elevated scrotal temperature can disrupt the thermoregulatory mechanisms of the testes, leading to impaired spermatogenesis and the development of varicocele. They highlight the importance of maintaining an optimal testicular temperature for normal sperm production and function.
The study examines the impact of various environmental factors, such as heat exposure, clothing choices, and occupational conditions, on scrotal temperature and the incidence of varicocele. The authors emphasize that scrotal hyperthermia resulting from prolonged exposure to high temperatures can increase oxidative stress and disrupt testicular blood flow, contributing to the pathogenesis of varicocele.
Overall, the research provides insights into the association between scrotal hyperthermia, varicocele, and testicular function. It underscores the significance of maintaining appropriate testicular temperature for normal reproductive health and suggests the importance of preventive measures and interventions to mitigate the impact of environmental factors on scrotal temperature and male fertility.
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active aerobics and active recreation are especially good at building cardiovascular endurance (true or false)
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Active leisure and aerobic exercise are particularly effective at enhancing cardiovascular endurance. This statement is true.
Active aerobics and active recreation are excellent ways to improve cardiovascular endurance. These types of exercises involve continuous, rhythmic movements that elevate the heart rate and increase oxygen consumption, which over time can improve the heart's efficiency and strengthen the cardiovascular system.
Regular aerobic exercise has many health benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes, as well as improving overall fitness levels and mental well-being. Additionally, it can lead to better weight management and improved sleep quality.
It's important to note that other factors such as diet, genetics, and overall health can impact cardiovascular endurance. It's always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before beginning a new exercise program, especially if there are any pre-existing medical conditions.
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The only vessels whose walls are thin enough to exchange materials with the surrounding cells are __________.
ANSWER:
arteries
arterioles
veins
capillaries
Answers
The only vessels whose walls are thin enough to exchange materials with the surrounding cells are Capillaries
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, with walls that are one cell thick. This thinness allows for efficient exchange of materials between the blood and surrounding cells, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products.
The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen, nutrients, and other important substances to cells and removing waste products. This system is made up of various types of blood vessels, including arteries, arterioles, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries are large blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and to the rest of the body. Arterioles are smaller arteries that branch off from the larger vessels and help to regulate blood flow and blood pressure. Veins, on the other hand, are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
While these blood vessels all play important roles in the circulatory system, it is capillaries that are responsible for the exchange of materials with the surrounding cells. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, with walls that are only one cell thick. This thinness allows for efficient exchange of materials between the blood and surrounding cells, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products.
In conclusion, the only vessels whose walls are thin enough to exchange materials with the surrounding cells are capillaries. While other blood vessels in the body play important roles in the circulatory system, it is the capillaries that are uniquely designed for the efficient exchange of materials with surrounding cells.
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. You are a breeder of exotic dogs and interested in tail length. Assume that you have conducted a standard set of crosses: (P1 x P2F1 F2) and found that the F1 population had a variance of 2.1 cm², and the F2 population has a variance of 6.1 cm2. What is the narrow sense heritability for this trait in this breed? You may assume that the interaction between genetics and environment can be ignored (=0), and the interaction between alleles at different genes is also negligible (=0), and that dominance effects on the variance in phenotype is 0.2 cm².
24) You want to breed a shorter tail in your exotic dogs. Your kennel has lots of dogs with a mean tail length of 10.7 cm. You take the lower half (roughly) of this population and breed them. This breeder pool has a mean tail length of 4.9 cm. Use the narrow sense heritability you obtained in the prior problem to predict the expected tail length in the offspring. (Of course, you wait for each population to reach maturity before you measure tail lengths.)
Answers
The breeder wants to know the narrow sense heritability of tail length in the breed.The formula for narrow-sense heritability is defined as:
h² = Vg / VpWhere,Vg = variance of breeding valueVp = phenotypic varianceP1 and P2 are the parental generations of the cross. F1 and F2 are the first and second filial generations respectively.The variance is defined as the sum of the squares of deviation from the mean, divided by the sample size of the population, minus.1. It is represented as s².Here, variance of F1 population, V1 = 2.1 cm²variance of F2 population, V2 = 6.1 cm²dominance effect on the variance in phenotype, d² = 0.2 cm²h² = Vg / Vp=> h² = (V1 - V2 / 2) / (V1 + V2 / 2 + d²)=> h² = (2.1 - 6.1 / 2) / (2.1 + 6.1 / 2 + 0.2)=> h² = -2 / 5.7≈ -0.35The narrow sense heritability is -0.35. However, the heritability cannot be negative, so it should be zero since this heritability cannot be predicted or measured. Therefore, the narrow sense heritability of tail length in the breed is 0.
The expected tail length of the offspring is:
Expected tail length = Mean tail length of the breeder pool + h² (mean tail length of the original population - mean tail length of the breeder pool)We have, Mean tail length of the original population = 10.7 cmMean tail length of the breeder pool = 4.9 cmh² = 0Expected tail length = 4.9 + 0 (10.7 - 4.9) = 4.9 cmTherefore, the expected tail length in the offspring is 4.9 cm.About BreederBreeder are livestock businessmen. In Indonesia, livestock are usually cows, goats, sheep, chickens, turkeys, ducks, ornamental fish, freshwater fish, seawater lobsters, and so on. Breeders cultivate livestock in the fields or pastures depending on the animals raised. What are the 3 types of livestock? Livestock business is divided into three types, namely 1). large livestock, consisting of beef cattle, dairy cattle, buffalo and horses, 2) small livestock, consisting of sheep, goats and pigs, 3) poultry, consisting of laying hens, native chickens, and ducks.
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how are most of the non-essential amino acids made in the body?
Answers
describe natural selection on single gene traits and polygenic traits. How does natural selection compare between the two types of traits?
Answers
Natural selection on single gene traits can be strong, as the effects of the gene are straightforward and directly tied to survival and reproduction. While, Natural selection on polygenic traits is typically weaker as the effects of each gene are more complex and difficult to predict.
In comparison, natural selection on single gene traits can have a stronger and more direct impact on a population, as the effects are more straightforward and easier to predict, whereas natural selection on polygenic traits is generally weaker and less predictable due to the complex interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors.
What is Natural selection?Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over generations based on their contribution to survival and reproduction.
Single gene traits are traits determined by variations in a single gene, such as eye color or sickle cell anemia. Natural selection on single gene traits can be strong, as the effects of the gene are straightforward and directly tied to survival and reproduction. For example, individuals with the sickle cell trait are resistant to malaria, which is a major selective pressure in certain populations.
Polygenic traits, on the other hand, are traits that are influenced by many genes, such as height or skin color. Natural selection on polygenic traits is typically weaker as the effects of each gene are more complex and difficult to predict. For example, taller individuals may have a reproductive advantage in some populations, but height is also influenced by environmental factors such as nutrition and disease.
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The term used to describe a location with many different cultural groups is
A. culturally diverse
B. globalization
C. multiple perspectives
D. ethnicity
Answers
It’s the only answer that even makes sense if you really think about it.
whiteflies are common pest insects found on cotton, tomato, poinsettia, and many other plants. whitefly nymphs are translucent and mostly sessile, feeding on their host plant's phloem (sap) from the undersides of leaves. they undergo incomplete metamorphosis into winged adults. because whitefly nymphs cannot escape predation by moving, you hypothesize that their translucent bodies make them hard to spot by predators. which experimental approach is best for testing your hypothesis?
Answers
To test your hypothesis that the translucent bodies of whitefly nymphs make them hard to spot by predators, the best experimental approach would be as follows:
1. Select two groups of whitefly nymphs: one with their natural, translucent bodies (the control group), and another where their bodies have been artificially colored to be more visible (the experimental group).
2. Place each group on separate host plants, ensuring that the environmental conditions and predator presence are similar for both groups.
3. Monitor and record the number of predators (e.g., ladybugs, lacewings, etc.) attacking each group of whitefly nymphs over a specific period.
4. Compare the number of predators attacking the control group (translucent nymphs) with the experimental group (colored nymphs).
5. If your hypothesis is correct, there should be a significant difference in predation rates, with fewer predators attacking the translucent nymphs compared to the colored nymphs.
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if we observe a trait occurs in only two forms in a population, we can conclude that inheritance of the trait is
Answers
Organisms acquire characteristics from their parents through inheritance. These characteristics are referred to as traits. Every individual has a unique set of qualities that make them unique.
Mendel's laws on inheritance describe what?As per Mendel's law of inheritance, The alleles for every gene segregate from one another during gamete production, resulting in each gamete having just one copy of each gene. Independent assortment: During the development of gametes, genes for various features can segregate independently.
Mendel's first rule of inheritance is what?Mendel's First Law, also known as the law of segregation, states that during the development of a gamete, each member of an allelic pairing separates from each other member to create the gamete's genetic makeup.
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feathers and wings blank a synapomorphy for living birds because they are blank to this group; the mere presence of feathers and wings blank to explain the adaptive radiation of birds.
Answers
Feathers and wings are a synapomorphy for living birds because they are unique to this group. However, the mere presence of feathers and wings alone cannot fully explain the adaptive radiation of birds.
Feathers and wings are considered a synapomorphy, a shared derived characteristic, for living birds because these traits are exclusive to this group and are not found in any other extant vertebrates. Feathers provide birds with the ability to fly, which is a distinctive feature that sets them apart from other animals. Wings, in conjunction with feathers, enable birds to achieve powered flight, giving them an advantage in mobility and accessing resources in their environment. These unique adaptations have played a significant role in the diversification and evolutionary success of birds.
However, while feathers and wings are fundamental to the biology of birds, they alone do not fully explain the adaptive radiation of this group. Adaptive radiation refers to the rapid diversification of a single ancestral lineage into a wide array of species that occupy various ecological niches. In addition to feathers and wings, other factors such as beak morphology, specialized respiratory systems, hollow bones, and unique physiological adaptations have contributed to the evolutionary success and ecological diversity of birds.
These adaptations have allowed birds to exploit different food sources, habitats, and modes of locomotion, leading to the development of various specialized forms and functions within the avian lineage.
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why do living organisms need...
a)food
b)energy
c)matter
Answers
Answer:b
Explanation:
The organism needs energy to order to reproduce growth and food. Without the energy none of the organism is alive.
With three foods available, natural selection has favored flock , which has increased the most in the first three generations. meanwhile, flock has declined the most because its beak was the least successful phenotype for the food available.
Answers
Natural selection is a process in which organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully than their less fit counterparts.
What is organism?Organism is a living thing that has a cellular structure and can grow, reproduce, and respond to its environment. It can be a single-celled organism such as bacteria, or a complex multicellular organism such as a human.
In this case, the three available foods have favored the flock, as the beak of this species is better suited to feed on the available food sources. As such, this species has been able to successfully reproduce and increase its numbers in the first three generations, while the other species have not been as successful and have thus seen a decrease in their numbers.
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In pea plants, purple flower color, C, is dominant to white flower color, c. The table shows the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles in three generations of peas in a garden. Allele Frequency for Flower Color in Peas Generation p q 1 0. 60 0. 40 2 0. 64 0. 36 3 0. 75 0. 25 4 0. 80 0. 20 Which generation showed the greatest frequency of having one of each allele? generation 1 generation 2 generation 3 generation 4.
Answers
The generation that showed the greatest frequency of having one of each allele is generation 3.
In the given table, the frequency of the dominant allele (p) and the recessive allele (q) is provided for each generation. The frequency of having one of each allele can be calculated by multiplying the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles.
In generation 1, the frequency of having one of each allele is 0.60 * 0.40 = 0.24.
In generation 2, the frequency is 0.64 * 0.36 = 0.23.
In generation 3, the frequency is 0.75 * 0.25 = 0.1875.
In generation 4, the frequency is 0.80 * 0.20 = 0.16.
Therefore, generation 3 has the greatest frequency of having one of each allele, with a frequency of 0.1875.
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NO LINKS AS AN ANSWER!!!!
Choose all the right answers. Select two options.
What happens during cell respiration?
The cell takes in oxygen.
The cell releases oxygen.
The cell takes in carbon dioxide.
The cell releases carbon dioxide.
The cell splits.
need help ASAP
Answers
Answer:
the cell releases carbon dioxide
the cell relasess oxygen
Hope im right
Explanation:
Need help with this asap
Answers
Answer is on attachment :)
Meiosis is a type of cell division that has 2 rounds of division that creates 4 diploid somatic cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
Answers
Answer:
Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. This process is required to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction.
Explanation:
there's a better explanation, but I don't know what your question is
Which genotype represents a carrier for an X-linked trait?
XhXh
XHXh
XhY
XHYh
Answers
Answer:
Phenotype Genotype
Normal male XHY
Normal female XHXH
Affected male XhY
Carrier female XhXH
Explanation:
When substances bioaccumulate, they are MOST likely to build up in the ___.
A. heart B. skin C. liver D. brain
Answers
Answer: C
Explanation: Takin the same class boiiii
Which of the statements below most accurately describes the relationship between the sequence of a mature mRNA and the sequence of the genomic region that encodes that mRNA? An mRNA begins at the 5' end of the promoter and ends at the 3' end of the terminator, but some intervening sequence is removed by splicing. An mRNA begins at the 3' end of the promoter and ends at the 5' end of the terminator, but some intervening sequence is removed by splicing. An mRNA includes all of the sequence from the 5' end of the promoter to the 3' end of the terminator. An mRNA includes all of the sequence from the 3' end of the promoter to the 5' end of the terminator. X Submit You have used 1 of 2 submissions
Answers
An mRNA begins at the 5' end of the promoter and ends at the 3' end of the terminator, but some intervening sequence is removed by splicing.
This statement most accurately describes the relationship between the sequence of a mature mRNA and the sequence of the genomic region that encodes that mRNA.However, it is important to know what these terms mean. mRNA is messenger RNA, which carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes where proteins are synthesized. The 5' and 3' ends of an mRNA molecule refer to specific ends of the sugar-phosphate backbone of the mRNA molecule that are distinct from each other, and they have different functions.
The 5' end of the mRNA molecule is the end that has a 5' cap. The 3' end of the mRNA molecule has a poly(A) tail attached to it. In addition, promoters and terminators are specific DNA sequences that are important in transcription. In transcription, promoters are the regions of DNA that recruit RNA polymerase to the start of the gene to be transcribed. Terminators are the regions of DNA that signal to RNA polymerase to stop transcription. Intervening sequences are segments of DNA that are transcribed, but are then removed from the pre-mRNA transcript by splicing.
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The net effect of the effector is to shut off the original ________, or reduce its intensity, during the negative feedback mechanism to restore homeostasis.
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Based on the knowledge of homeostasis, the net effect of the effector is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity, during the negative feedback mechanism to restore homeostasis.
What is an effector?
An effector is a part of a control system which serves as means of giving response to a stimulus.
Release of the effector by the control system results in inhibition of stimulus or a minimization of the effect of the stimulus in order to maintain homeostasis.
Therefore, the net effect of the effector is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity, during the negative feedback mechanism to restore homeostasis.
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In which part of the skin do the normal flora reside?
1 Dermis
2 Epidermis
3 Collagen fibers
4 Subcutaneous tissue
Answers
The normal flora, also known as the skin microbiota, reside in the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin.
So, the correct answer is option 2: Epidermis. The skin microbiota is made up of various bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms that live on the surface of our skin. These microorganisms play a beneficial role in maintaining the health of our skin by competing with harmful bacteria, regulating the skin's pH, and supporting the immune system.
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Describe what Malthus, LamarckDarwin, and Mendel contributed to the Theory of Evolution
Answers
Malthus, Lamarck, Darwin and Mendel contributed to the theory of evolution in the following ways:
(1) Malthus gave the theory of 'principle of population'. It was about the exponential population and arithmetic food supply chain. He believed that balance can be achieved between the same through positive and preventive measures.
(2) The theory put forth by Lamarck is known as Lamarckism and it states that physical changes or physical characteristics acquired by an organism during its lifetime can be passed on to their off springs.
(3) Charles Darwin gave the popular theory of 'Natural Selection'. He said that species evolve through the process of natural selection of small variations that increase an organism's capability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
(4) Gregor Mendel is also known as the Father of Genetics. He conducted experiments on pea plants and discovered that traits are passed down from parent to offspring in a predictable manner. He put forth the Mendel's principles of inheritance.
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abo blood type is a trait that demonstrates which type of inheritance?
Answers
that ABO blood type demonstrates multiple allele inheritance of what multiple allele inheritance means. In humans, the ABO blood type is determined by three alleles - A, B, and O. Each person one from each parent, and the are combination these two alleles determines their blood type.
The A and B alleles are co-dominant, meaning they both express their phenotype when present together. The O allele is recessive and only expresses its phenotype when paired with another O allele. This results in four possible blood types - A, B, AB, and O. So, the inheritance of ABO blood type involves multiple alleles interacting in a complex way to determine a person's phenotype.
The ABO blood type is a trait that demonstrates the type of inheritance known as "codominance." the term are we the "codominance" refers to the type of inheritance exhibited by the ABO blood type codominance, both alleles for are specific trait are expressed equally in an individual's phenotype, and neither allele is masked or dominates the other. The explanation for this is that ABO blood types have three alleles (A, B, and O), with both the A and B alleles being dominant over the O allele, and the A and B alleles are codominant with each other, leading to four possible blood types: A, B, AB, and O.
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Coupled transport of glucose and na into the intestinal epithelial cell is an example of:________
Answers
Coupled transport of glucose and Na into the intestinal epithelial cell is an example of secondary active transport. In secondary active transport, the transport of a particular solute is coupled with the movement of another ion or molecule down its concentration gradient.
Here, the movement of Na is coupled with the transport of glucose, which is against its concentration gradient. Both sodium and glucose are transported into the intestinal epithelial cell with the help of a Na+–glucose symporter protein, located in the membrane of the cell. This transport protein binds Na+ and glucose from the lumen side of the small intestine, and then they are transported into the cytoplasm of the cell. This symporter is known as SGLT1, which is present in the apical membrane of the cell. SGLT1 protein is a member of the Solute Carrier 5 family, also known as Sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT).It is important to note that the transport of Na+ and glucose is dependent on each other. Therefore, the transport of Na+ into the cell provides the energy needed for glucose transport.
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PLZ HELP ME ASAP:( !!!!!!
Answers
Answweresw
im not too sure
Explanation:
275.4 dekameters is the same as ___________ meters
Answers
10 meters are in a decameter. move the decimal
Most superficial layer of the epidermis, characterized by dead, keratinized squamous cells.
Answers
The stratum Corneum is the Most superficial layer of the epidermis, characterized by the dead, keratinized squamous cells.
It is the superficial and skin-deep layer of the epidermis. This layer of the skin is exposed to the exterior environment. It contains increased keratinization of the cells and its name is also based on it.
Stratum Corneum contains about 20 layers of cells and it is responsible for providing protection to the underlying soft and sensitive layers.
This layer is replaced after every 4 weeks because the old cells are shed off and the new cells are provided by stratum granulosum.
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