Proteins need to be denatured using an anionic detergent such as SDS before gel electrophoresis because:
a) most proteins have a uniform positive charge,
b) the overall charge of a protein depends on the amino acid composition of the protein and can vary greatly, and
c) most proteins have complex three dimensional structures that can impact their movement through the gel.
Denaturing proteins with an anionic detergent like SDS neutralizes the charge of the proteins, allowing them to move evenly through the gel in a consistent pattern during the electrophoresis process.
Without the anionic detergent, the proteins would not move evenly and the results of the gel electrophoresis would not be accurate.
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Plis help me PLIsssssssssssssssssssss
Answer:
1. Protection
2. Structure
3. Production
4. Storage
5. Support
6. Movement
Have an amazing day!!
Please rate and mark brainliest!!
I ordered the answer top to bottom, left to right:
(everything under the actual answer is the explanation)
1. Protection
In this case, it says the Cranium protects the head so it is a protection2. Structure
For this particular case, it says that the skeleton ensures that the body has a certain shape. Thus it is the structure of our human body3. Production
It says that red blood cells are made in the ribs and limb bones. Thus it is talking about the location of the production of red blood and cells4. Storage
The note mentioned that the bone is the largest supply of calcium, in other words, it means that the bone is the largest storage of calcium5. Support
In the hint given below, it says the vertebrae support the head.1. Protection
The hint says that the rib cage protects the delicate heart and lung6. Movement
It says that the bones and joints work together with the muscle to enable movement such as running, sprinting, or walkingHope that helps!
The control center in a cell is called ______________.
A: nucleus
B: mitochondria
C: cytoplasm
D: none of the above
Answer:
A.nucleus
Explanation:
The control center of in a cell is called nucleus
Plsss !! Help
The enzyme helicase builds a strand of RNA using the DNA as the template
Answer:
did you try
G
O
O
G
L
E
Explanation:
what is Photosynthesis and respiration
Answer:
Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a by-product. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by- products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process.
Answer:
the process of the intake of carbon dioxide by plants leaves to prepare food by the help of water and minerals and to ex create oxygen is photosynthesis.
Explanation:
the intake and excreat out a gas is known as respiration.
how many inches thick should the bear's fur layer ( lfur ) be to hold a layer of air lair so that adequate insulation is provided?
Answer: 45 inches long
Explanation:
which structure is highlighted? optic bulb optic nerve (ii) infundibulum optic tract
The correct option is (ii),
The highlighted structure is the optic nerve
responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. connects the retina of the eye to the visual centers in the brain, enabling vision.How does the optic nerve function?The correct option is (ii),
The highlighted structure is the optic nerve.
The optic nerve is a cranial nerve responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain.It connects the retina of the eye to the visual centers in the brain.The optic nerve is composed of nerve fibers that carry visual signals.It is responsible for transmitting visual information such as color, brightness, and shape.Damage or impairment to the optic nerve can result in vision problems or loss of vision.The optic nerve is an essential component of the visual system.Learn more about optic nerve
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can anyone pls help me with this?!
Answer:
TT
TT
Tt
Tt
GG
Gg
Gg
gg
Explanation:
increased population, a higher body temperature, and a rapidly beating heart are all possible responses to a stressful situation.these body responses are most likely a direct result of the interaction
Increased perspiration, a higher body temperature, and a rapidly beating heart are all possible responses to a stressful situation, and these body responses are most likely a direct result of the interaction of the nervous and hormonal systems.
What does the interaction of the nervous and hormonal systems mean?The interaction of the nervous and hormonal systems refers to the body process in which the expression of certain chemical messengers called hormones may control concomitant responses triggered by the nerve system, which is an organ system aimed at sensing signals from the environment in order to process them and then produce a response.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the interaction of the nervous and hormonal systems may lead to increase perspiration, the temperature inside the body, and the heart pumps when the body is under a given stressful situation.
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Most calico cats are female. However, a few rare males are observed. What is the genotype of a male calico cat?a. X BX Ob. X OYc. X BYd. X BYYe. X BX OY
The genotype of a male calico cat is: (e) \(X^{B} X^{O} Y\).
Genotype is the genetic composition of the entire genome of an organism. The genes are the basic unit that make up the genome. Each gene comprises of a pair of alleles. Alleles are the alternating forms of the gene, that may or may not be the same. The arrangement of these alleles decides the genotype.
The domestic cats consisting of three coat colors are called the calico cats. They can be of any breed. 25-75 % of the calico cats have large orangs and black patches along with white color. When mutations occur in these cats, the other colors that can be observed are: cream, blue-black, reddish, brown.
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ayo seggg$y biology ppl help me be top notch fashion!sta
im asking every subject since im b0red
so uh yea heres my options for class rings
also add my s to the nap pls - jaydynthomas25
Answer:
Ayo what
Explanation:
That straight up be looking like a jetpack m8. idunno bout you but good luck with those 10 year old boys going into ur s to the nap :)
A group of students is setting up a test to see whether earthworms like those shown in the photo prefer rough or smooth surface which type of investigation is the group A group of students is setting up a test to see whether earthworms like those shown in the photo prefer rough or smooth surface which type of investigation is the group doing
Answer:
There is no attached photo in this question, however, the question can still be answered. The question also lacks options; they are
A.Comparative B. Descriptive. C. Controlled. D. Experimental
The answer is D. Experimental investigation
Explanation:
There are three types of investigations in science namely: descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations. Experimental investigations are those investigations that has to do with the testing of how one variable affects another.
In an experimental investigation, a variable called INDEPENDENT VARIABLE is changed to effect a response in another variable called DEPENDENT VARIABLE. In this question, a group of students is testing to see if earthworms prefer rough or smooth surface. Hence, they are testing to see how texture of a surface (rough or smooth), which is the independent variable affects the preference of earthworm. Hence, it is an EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE.
Answer:
The answer is Comparative
how does each level of organization differ from one another?
pls answer
Answer:
Ifs differ from each other
Explanation:
secondary teritiary consumer
^
teritiary c onsumers
^
secondary c onsumers
^
primate consumers
An individual has two of the same alleles for a gene for eye color. One of her eyes is deep blue, and the other is a lighter blue. Which of the following is true?
The correct answer is that she is heterozygous for that gene.
In the given scenario, the individual has two of the same alleles for a gene for eye color, and one of her eyes is deep blue while the other is a lighter blue. An allele is a variant form of a gene that is responsible for the physical and inheritable characteristics of an individual. The individual in this case is heterozygous for that gene. Heterozygous refers to an individual having two different alleles of a particular gene. The dominant allele determines the appearance or phenotype of the individual. The phenotype of the individual in this scenario is deep blue and light blue. When a person has two of the same alleles, they are referred to as homozygous. However, since the individual in question has two different alleles, they cannot be homozygous for that gene. Furthermore, because she has two different eye colors, she cannot be homozygous for the phenotype. Therefore, the correct answer is that she is heterozygous for that gene.
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complete question:
An individual has two of the same alleles for a gene for eye color. One of her eyes is deep blue, and the other is a lighter blue. Which of the following is true?
She is heterozygous for that gene.
She is homozygous for that gene.
She is homozygous for that gene, but heterozygous for the phenotype.
She is homozygous for the phenotype.
What property of water prevents rapid temperature change inside the body of organism?
Answer:
The hydrogen bonds between water molecules absorb the heat when they break and release heat when they form, which minimizes temperature changes. Water helps maintain a moderate temperature of organisms and environments. Water takes a long time to heat up, and holds its temperature longer when heat is not applied. 3.
Explanation:
can someone send a link on this topic or help me do it in any way?? its due tomorrow
Answer:
You should explain more...
Explanation:
Using the graphs below, determine which water drop rate leads to the highest seed growth.
The graph shows Time in days from 0 to 5 on the x-axis and number of seeds versus sprouts from 0 to 100 on the y-axis at 12 drops of water per hour. Day 0 there are 100 seeds and 0 sprouts. Then the number of seeds decreases while the number of sprouts increases starting at 2.5 days. On Day 5 there are 59 seeds and 41 sprouts.The graph shows Time in days from 0 to 5 on the x-axis and number of seeds versus sprouts from 0 to 100 on the y-axis at 50 drops of water per hour. Day 0 there are 100 seeds and 0 sprouts. Then the number of seeds decreases while the number of sprouts quickly increases starting at 2.5 days. There are an equal number of seeds and sprouts before Day 3. On Day 5 there are 2 seeds and 98 sprouts.The graph shows Time in days from 0 to 5 on the x-axis and number of seeds versus sprouts from 0 to 100 on the y-axis at 72 drops of water per hour. Day 0 there are 100 seeds and 0 sprouts. The number of seeds quickly decreases while the number of sprouts quickly increases starting at 2.5 days. On Day 3 there are an equal amount of seeds and sprouts. On Day 5 there are 33 seeds and 67 sprouts.The graph shows Time in days from 0 to 5 on the x-axis and number of seeds versus sprouts from 0 to 100 on the y-axis at 90 drops of water per hour. Day 0 there are 100 seeds and 0 sprouts. The number of seeds quickly decreases while the number of sprouts quickly increases starting at 2.5 days. On Day 3 there are an equal amount of seeds and sprouts. On Day 5 there are 33 seeds and 67 sprouts.
a.
90 drops/hr
b.
72 drops/hr
c.
50 drops/hr
d.
12 drops/hr
Answer:
C. 50 drops/hr
Explanation:
As we can see in the description of the graph above, 50 drops/hr was the rate of water fall that was most successful in plant growth. This is because with this rate, the seeds germinated more quickly, the seedlings showed a strong and fast vegetative growth, besides that at the end of 5 days, it was observed that germination of almost 100% of the seeds occurred. These facts cannot be observed with the other waterfall rates, so the correct answer is 50 drops/hr.
Answer:
C. 50 drops/hr
Explanation:
As we can see in the description of the graph above, 50 drops/hr was the rate of water fall that was most successful in plant growth. This is because with this rate, the seeds germinated more quickly, the seedlings showed a strong and fast vegetative growth, besides that at the end of 5 days, it was observed that germination of almost 100% of the seeds occurred. These facts cannot be observed with the other waterfall rates, so the correct answer is 50 drops/hr.
Why does meiosis produce cells with half the chromosomes?
A. It is faster to produce gametes with fewer chromosomes.
O
B. A gamete needs only half the number of chromosomes because
two gametes join together.
C. It makes the gametes easier to move around in the organism.
O
D. Most of the chromosomes are not necessary to keep an organism
alive.
Answer:
B.) A gamete needs only half the number of chromosomes because two gametes join together.
Explanation:
What impact does altitude have on pressure?
Answer:
As altitude increases, the amount of gas molecules in the air decreases—the air becomes less dense than air nearer to sea level.
Explanation:
Thin air exerts less pressure than air at a lower altitude.
in a lipid bilayer the tails face each other within the bilayer and form a region that
5. In a lipid bilayer, the
excludes water:
a. Hypertonic
b. Hydrophilic
C. Hydrophobic
d. Hypotonic
Answer:
I'm pretty sure it's Hydrophobic, but please correct me if I am wrong!
Explanation:
Hydrophobic tends to repel or fail to mix with water. The opposite of hydrophobic would be hydrophilic
According to the diagram, what sources contribute to the phosphorus found in soil? According to the diagram, phosphorus found in soil contributes phosphorus to what other sources?
The nutrient cycle is defined as the transportation of nutrients from different components of the environment. A living state refers to the amount of minerals present in an ecosystem.
The nutrition cycle is divided into two categories. The following are some of them:-
Gaseous cycleSedimentation cyclePhosphorus is a nutrient cycle that occurs as a result of sedimentation. The following are the phosphorous' sources, as stated in the question:
MountainsSoilsLeachingplants absorptionLeaching is the process of a nutrient dissolving when raining and enhancing the nutritious quantity of the soil.
Mineralization and immobilization reactions mediated by the microbial biomass pool, as well as the solubilization of inorganic phosphorus-containing minerals by organic acids, inorganic acids, and chelating agents produced by soil organisms, are all part of the phosphorus cycle.
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______ are one of the four most abundant types of organic molecules in organisms and consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen often in a proportion of 1:2:1. These organic molecules include monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Carbohydrates are one of the four most abundant types of organic molecules in organisms from their habitats. They consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, often in a proportion of 1:2:1.
Many field studies involve trapping or handling of animals and some entail the removal of animals from their natural habitat. For scientific purposes, researchers capture and release animals, use certain tools and methods to tag them and monitor their movements and behaviors. However, animal trapping, handling, and removal can pose several risks to animals and their habitats. Field studies often require researchers to remove animals from their habitats, but this is not always necessary. Researchers use different techniques to trap, tag and track animals to collect data. Animal trapping is typically done to capture animals for research purposes, such as to study their behavior, health, and movements. However, trapping and handling animals can cause stress, injury, and even death to the animals. When animals are removed from their habitats, it disrupts their food chain, and they may not be able to find adequate food or suitable shelter. This can lead to negative impacts on animal populations, and the environment, leading to long-term ecological damage. In conclusion, while trapping, handling, and removing animals can provide valuable data for researchers, it can also have negative effects on the animals themselves and their ecosystems. Therefore, it is crucial for researchers to use ethical and humane methods to study animals and minimize harm to their habitats.
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In a bee colony1) Few adult workers, brood pattern is spotty, drone brood or drone adults are not necessarily present2) Few adult workers, brood few and irregular, multiple eggs in cells, lots of adult drones, brood limited to drone brood3) Lots of adult workers, lots of capped brood, lots of young larvae, lots of eggs, no queen cells4) Lots of adult workers, lots of capped brood, lots of young larvae, few or no eggs, queen cells present and at various stages of development5) Moderate number of adult workers, moderate amount of capped brood, no young larvae, no eggs, ripe queen cells present, multiple queen cells present with tips opened6) Moderate number of adult workers, moderate amount of capped brood, no young larvae, no eggs, opened queen cells present, some queen cells present opened at the sides7) Moderate number of adult workers, moderate amount of capped brood, moderate number of eggs and young larvae, 2-3 queen cells of similar age8) Moderate number of adult workers, lots of eggs and young larvae, no capped brood
Solitary bees live and nurture their young on their own. Without the assistance of another bee, each female bee constructs and protects her own nest, lays her own eggs, and harvests nectar and pollen for her brood.
1) This circumstance indicates that the colony lacks a queen and has laying workers. If the colony is left without a queen for an extended length of time, it may develop laying workers since worker bees are females with ovaries and the ability to lay eggs. They will, however, be able to lay only infertilized eggs.
2) This state of bees in honey bees indicates that the queen is generating inbred progeny for a variety of causes. Perhaps the queen is a weak queen, meaning she did not mate properly or was unable to produce a large number of eggs, or she was forced to mate with their brothers due to low bee density. Worjer bees detect inbred eggs and expel them from the hive after the queens oviposit them, resulting in a splotchy brood pattern.
3) This scenario occurs when the colony is a fresh swarm that is rapidly growing. The existence of adult workers and a large number of capped brood suggests that the queen was present at some stage.
4) There are many adult workers present in a bee colony, as well as many capped broods and queen cells at various developmental stages, indicating that the colony has swarmed to a new home, with the old queen abandoning the previous hive as the new queen will soon emerge from the queen cells.
5) This signifies that the colony has swarmed and may swarm again once the new queen develops. Moderate mature workers and capped brood with numerous queen cells indicate that one group of bees swarmed to create a new hive with its old queen and that the next group will swarm soon after the new queen is hatched.
6) This signifies that the colony will swarm again soon and is prepared to swarm once the queen is fully matured for mating and egg laying after mating.
7) This circumstance indicates that the bee colony has surpassed its queen. When the present queen is not doing well in the hive, the female worker bees develop a new queen to supersede or take the old queen's position. As a result, bees create more than one cell in a hive to assure the birth of a healthy queen.
8) This state in a hive indicates that the colony has swarmed and will not swarm again. A hive with a lot of eggs indicates that the colony is swarming and will continue to swarm if there are too many queen cells. As a result of the swarming of colonies, there are no capped broods.
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What can we then say about the relative age of fossils A, B, C, E, and F based only on fossils D? How?
Fossil D can only be used to determine the relative age of fossils A, B, C, E, and F if it is known which fossil is older and which is younger.
What is fossils ?
Fossils are the remains of plants or animals that have been preserved in the earth’s sedimentary layers. They can be found in many different forms, such as bones, shells, tracks, and even impressions. Fossils are important to scientists, as they provide valuable information about the history of life on Earth and the evolution of species. Fossils can range in age from thousands to millions of years old. The study of fossils is known as paleontology, and it provides a look into the past that cannot be found in any other way. Fossils can be found all over the world, and they have been used to help us understand the evolution of the environment and the plants and animals that inhabit it.
For example, if fossil D is known to be older than fossil E, then we can conclude that fossil A, B, C, and F are all younger than fossil D and fossil E. Similarly, if fossil D is known to be younger than fossil C, then we can conclude that fossil A, B, E, and F are all older than fossil D and fossil C. Therefore, the relative age of fossils A, B, C, E, and F can only be determined if the relative age of fossil D is known.
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Hello this is for the hardy Weinberg problems , I need help with the conclusion questions
A population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if the genotype frequencies of the population are equal to the expected frequencies of the next generation, that is, if:
\(\begin{gathered} P=p^2 \\ H=2pq \\ Q=q^2 \end{gathered}\)The frequencies of the population are:
P= f(SS)= 0.9025
H= f(Ss)= 0.095
Q= f(ss)= 0.0025
The population of frogs has 8000 individuals, 20 of which are homozygous recessive for the trait "being spotted"
Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium you can calculate the frequency of the recessive allele as follows:
The genotypic frequency of the homozygous recessive is
\(Q=q^2=\frac{20}{8000}\)Apply the square root to determine the value of q:
\(\begin{gathered} q=\sqrt[]{\frac{20}{8000}} \\ q=\frac{1}{20} \\ q=0.05 \end{gathered}\)The allelic frequencies are complementary, which means that they add up to 1, knowing the value of q you can calculate the frequency of the dominant allele p:
\(\begin{gathered} p+q=1 \\ p=1-q \\ p=1-0.05 \\ p=0.95 \end{gathered}\)Predict the genotype frequencies of the offspring on equilibrium:
Homozygous dominant SS
\(\begin{gathered} P=p^2 \\ P=0.95^2 \\ P=0.9025 \end{gathered}\)Heterozygous Ss
\(\begin{gathered} H=2pq \\ H=2\cdot0.95\cdot0.05 \\ H=0.095 \end{gathered}\)Homozygous recessive:
\(\begin{gathered} Q=q^2 \\ Q=0.05^2 \\ Q=0.0025 \end{gathered}\)Compare the results:
As you can see the genotype frequencies of the current population are equal to the genotype frequencies of the original population, you can say that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Once the population reaches equilibrium it does not change, i.e. the frequencies are the same from one generation to the other, unless some outer factors, like deforestation, create a drastic change in the genetic pool (for example, by eliminating/ adding individuals or isolating small portions of the population)
On the other hand, if the population is evolving, i.e. the genotypic frequencies are changing, and the observed genotype and allele frequencies will change from one generation to the next one.
If you concluded that the population is in equilibrium, then it is not possible for it to be evolving as the frequencies do not change for a population in equilibrium as they do when the population is evolving.
This means that the population is not evolving.
In dogs, black fur color is dominant to white. Two heterozygous black dogs are mated. What is the probability of each of the following combinations of offspring? A) A litter of six pups, four with black fur and two with white fur. B) A first litter of six pups, four with black fur and two with white fur, and then a second litter of seven pups, five with black fur and two with white fur.
The probability of a litter of six pups with four black fur and two white fur, resulting from two heterozygous black dogs mating, is 15/64. In the case of a first litter of six pups with four black fur and two white fur, followed by a second litter of seven pups with five black fur and two white fur, the combined probability is (15/64) * (21/128), which simplifies to 315/8192.
In this scenario, we are dealing with the inheritance of fur color in dogs. Black fur color is dominant to white, which means that if a dog carries a black fur allele, it will have black fur. On the other hand, if a dog carries a white fur allele, it will express white fur.
The term "heterozygous" indicates that both parent dogs have one black fur allele and one white fur allele. When these dogs mate, there are various possibilities for the combination of alleles their offspring can inherit.
To determine the probability of a specific combination of offspring, we need to use the principles of Mendelian genetics. In this case, we can apply a Punnett square to calculate the probabilities.
For combination A, a litter of six pups with four black fur and two white fur, we can use the Punnett square to calculate the probabilities of each genotype. When two heterozygous black dogs mate, the possible genotypes of the offspring are: BB, BW, BW, and WW. The probability of each genotype is 1/4, 1/4, 1/4, and 1/4, respectively. Since there are six pups, we multiply the probabilities together: (1/4) * (1/4) * (1/4) * (1/4) * (3/4) * (3/4) = 15/64.
For combination B, a first litter of six pups with four black fur and two white fur, followed by a second litter of seven pups with five black fur and two white fur, we need to calculate the probabilities separately for each litter and then multiply them together. Using the Punnett square for the first litter, we get a probability of 15/64. For the second litter, the genotypes BB, BW, and WW have probabilities of 9/32, 3/32, and 1/32, respectively. Multiplying the probabilities together: (15/64) * (9/32) * (9/32) * (9/32) * (3/32) * (3/32) * (1/32) = 315/8192.
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Oxidative production in photosynthesis involves what?
Answer:
Oxidative production in photosynthesis involves the following:
1. Light absorption: Photosynthesis begins with the absorption of light energy by pigments, such as chlorophyll, in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
2. Electron transport: The absorbed light energy is used to excite electrons in chlorophyll molecules, which are then transported through a series of electron carriers in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.
3. Generation of ATP and NADPH: As electrons move through the electron transport chain, they release energy that is used to pump protons across the thylakoid membrane, generating a proton gradient. The energy stored in this gradient is used to produce ATP and NADPH, which are used as energy and reducing power in the next stage of photosynthesis.
4. Water splitting: The electrons that are passed down the electron transport chain are replaced by electrons extracted from water molecules in a process called water splitting. This releases oxygen gas as a byproduct.
5. Carbon fixation: The ATP and NADPH generated during the light-dependent reactions are used in the light-independent reactions to fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules, such as sugars.
Overall, the oxidative production in photosynthesis involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH, which are then used in the production of organic molecules from carbon dioxide.
WORD BANK
-S -new -thymine (T) -hydrogen -original
-replication -helicase -identical -nucleotides -cytosine (C)
The process of making a copy of DNA is called DNA ________ and it occurs during phase of interphase. Before replication can begin, the double helix must unwind. After being unwound, the DNA strands are separated by the enzyme . Helicase separates the DNA molecule by breaking the________ bonds between the nitrogen bases. With the DNA strands separated, DNA polymerase can come in and add complementary (matching) _________ to the separated strands of DNA. When DNA polymerase passes over an adenine (A), it will attach a_________. DNA polymerase will also match _________with guanine (G). DNA polymerase will also proofread the new strands of DNA to check for mis-paired nitrogen bases. The process of DNA replication produces two _________ strands of DNA. The new DNA molecules are made of one_________ strand of DNA and one ______ strand of DNA. The new DNA molecules will wind up to return to their double helix shape and prepare for cell division.
Answer:
1. Replication
2. Hydrogen
3. Nucleotides
4. Thymine (T)
5. Cytosine (C)
6. Identical
7. Original
8. New
Explanation:
What are genetic variations? First answer gets brainliest! Please help
Answer:
Genetic variation refers to differences in the genetic makeup of individuals in a population. Genetic variation is necessary in natural selection. In natural selection, organisms with environmentally selected traits are better able to adapt to the environment and pass on their genes.
When Nemo’s father says “a fish can breathe out here” – fish use this organ system to breath
Can anyone help with my science edgnuity ?
Answer:
hmmmm..!!??
what is the question!!?..