regarding enveloped viruses, at which point do viral spike proteins insert into the host's cell membrane in order to be incorporated into the new virion? multiple choice question. penetration
Answers
A virus with an envelope or outer covering. "Budding off" is the process by which the infected cell, or host, produces this envelope. During the budding process, newly formed virus particles are "enveloped," or covered, by a thin layer of the plasma membrane of the cell.
Enveloped viruses enter host cells in a specific way.Through membrane fusion, enveloped animal viruses enter their host cells. Depending on the characteristics of the virus fusion protein, this fusion can take place at the plasma membrane of the cell or within the endocytic vacuolar system.
Where does the protein replication of an enveloped virus occur?Since these processes, which involve copying RNA to make additional RNA molecules, typically do not occur in cellular organisms, replication takes place in the cytoplasm and is largely independent of the cellular machinery. This is because the particles contain many virus-encoded enzymes that are necessary for RNA replication and transcription.
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Related Questions
Where would you most likely find specialized tissue?
A. In a sperm cell
B. In an egg cell
C. In a tadpole
D. In a bacterium
⭐Pls help me Fast!⭐
Answers
As stated in the preceding statement You will most probably find specialized tissue in bacteria.
The correct option is D.
Definition of a bacteria in simple terms:The simplest single-celled organisms are known as bacteria, and they are invisible to the unaided eye. Various animals, including humans, include a wide variety of microbes both inside and outside. Additionally, bacteria are vital components of the Earth's ecosystems since they are present in food, water, soil, and surfaces.
What distinguishes a bacterium from a bacteria?The word "bacteria," which is plural, is spelled "bacterium." To put it another way, you use the word "bacteria" when there are multiple of them and "bacterium" and there is only one.
Why do bacterial infections occur?When bacteria taken into the body, multiply, and trigger an immune response in the body, a bacterial infection results. Through an opening within your skin, such as a cut or surgical wound, either through your airway, germs can enter your body and cause diseases like bacterial pneumonia.
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Answer: The other person is very wrong the answer to you question
is C
Explanation:
The thylakoid membrane contains a protein called atp synthase. As hydrogen ions pass through the protein, adp and a phosphate group are combined to form atp. What is the direct energy source, if any, for the movement of hydrogen ions and the formation of atp? a. The energy source is the high-energy electrons that accompany the hydrogen ions. B. The energy source is the concentration difference of hydrogen ions across the membrane. C. The energy source is a set of atp molecules that gather inside the thylakoid. D. There is no energy source; the process occurs without an energy input.
Answers
The energy source is the concentration difference of hydrogen ions across the membrane.
The photochemical and electron transport reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis occur at the thylakoid membrane. The lipid composition of the thylakoid membrane is highly conserved among oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, with two galactolipids, one sulfolipid, and one phospholipid.
The primary functions of thylakoids are to trap light energy and convert it into chemical energy forms such as ATP and NADPH. Water is oxidized and oxygen is released during this process. Inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments. They are the site of photosynthesis's light-dependent reactions. Both stages of photosynthesis involve the chloroplast. The light reactions occur in the thylakoid.
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can the lytic cycle change to the lysogenic cycle? Why or why not?
Answers
Answer: No.
Explanation:
The lysogenic cycle allows a phage to reproduce without killing its host. Some phages can only use the lytic cycle, but the phage we are following, lambda ( λ), can switch between the two cycles. ... In the lysogenic cycle, the first two steps (attachment and DNA injection) occur just as they do for the lytic cycle
Type the correct answer in the box. spell all words correctly. which environmental factor controls the amount sunlight that reaches underwater plants and animals? controls the amount sunlight that reaches underwater plants and animals.
Answers
Abiotic factors control the amount of sunlight that reaches underwater plants and animals.
The ecosystem's non-living elements are referred to as abiotic factors. These consist of elements like soil, wind, water, sunlight, temperature, and humidity. Abiotic components of an environment can be either chemical or physical. All living things may be impacted by abiotic factors in terms of their development, reproduction, and survival.
The following are examples of abiotic factors in an ecosystem:
Water
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leaves with large surface areas contain more chloroplasts and can conduct more photosynthesis how is this an adaptation for plants with large leaves?
Answers
The large surface area of leaves allows absorption of a large amount of light. In addition, palisade cells present on the upper surface of the leaf, where the light falls, are adapted for light absorption.
What are the functions of palisade cells?Palisade cells are plant cells located on the leaves, right below the epidermis and cuticle that is the outermost layer of the leaf. In simpler terms, they are known as leaf cells.
The palisade mesophyll layer is where most of the photosynthesis occurs in the leaf. The palisade cells contain a lot of chloroplasts to help them perform this photosynthesis. The palisade cells are closely packed together to maximize light absorption.
The palisade parenchyma tissue usually is located on the upper side of the leaf, and the spongy parenchyma on the lower side. There may be only a single layer of palisade cells perpendicularly arranged below the upper epidermis, or there may be as many as three layers.
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is a cluster of characteristics such as being excessively competitive, hard-driven, impatient, and hostile. it is related to the incidence of heart disease. true or false
Answers
This is a difficult question to answer with a simple yes or no response, as the relationship between the cluster of characteristics described and the incidence of heart disease is not fully understood.
However, research suggests that there may be some association between these traits, which are often referred to as "Type A personality," and an increased risk of heart disease. Studies have shown that individuals with Type A personality traits may be more likely to engage in behaviors that can contribute to heart disease, such as smoking, overeating, and not getting enough exercise. Additionally, the stress associated with these traits may also contribute to the development of heart disease. While more research is needed to fully understand the link between Type A personality and heart disease, it is clear that taking steps to manage stress and adopt healthy lifestyle habits can help to reduce the risk of heart disease in individuals with these traits.
In summary, the answer to your question is a long answer: there may be some association between the cluster of characteristics described and the incidence of heart disease, but more research is needed to fully understand this relationship.
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the process that leads to the formation Of the choroid fissure Of the eye: • During the formation Of the _______ -cap the Of the optic _______ continues
to the inferior surface and form the _______ fissure. It allows the hyaloid artery to reach the central of the cap. Later the lips of choroid _______ fuse.
The options for each blank are: fissure, optic, vesicle, choroid
Answers
During the formation of the optic vesicle, the superior cap of the optic vesicle continues to the inferior surface and forms the choroid fissure. It allows the hyaloid artery to reach the central part of the cap. Later, the lips of the choroid fissure fuse.
During early embryonic development, the optic vesicle invaginates to form a double-layered structure called the optic cup. The optic cup gives rise to various components of the eye, including the retina. The superior part of the optic cup, known as the superior cap, extends toward the inferior surface and forms the choroid fissure.
The choroid fissure is a transient opening in the developing eye that allows blood vessels, specifically the hyaloid artery, to reach the central region of the optic cup. Eventually, the lips of the choroid fissure fuse, closing the opening and completing the formation of the eye structure.
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The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane?
A. simple osmosis
B. active transport
C. simple diffusion
D. facilitated diffusion and please give a reason why you chose this answer
Answers
Answer:
the answer woiuld be b
Explanation:
The Venn diagram compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
which statement could be categorized in the overlapping section of the Venn diagram?
A. uses pyruvic acid
B. has commercial uses
C. regenerates NADH
D. produces 36 ATP
Answers
The Venn diagram compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Uses of pyruvic acid could be categorized in the overlapping section of the Venn diagram.
In order to produce energy in the form of ATP molecules, aerobic respiration involves the complete breakdown of a glucose molecule in the presence of oxygen (36 molecules of ATP).
Contrarily, anaerobic respiration entails the partial breakdown of a glucose molecule to produce energy in the form of ATP molecules without the presence of oxygen (2 molecules of ATP).
The use of pyruvate is a characteristic shared by both aerobic and anaerobic respiration (pyruvic acid). The glycolytic process, which is the same for both processes, produces pyruvic acid.
While during anaerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is utilised to manufacture alcohol or lactic acid to renew NAD+, during aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is used to build acetyl coenzyme A that enters the Krebs cycle.
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Answer:pyruvic acid is used
Explanation:i took it
if nephrons lacked a loop of henle, what would be the effect on the volume and solute (osmotic) concentration of the urine they produced?
Answers
If nephrons lacked a loop of henle, the effect on the volume and solute (osmotic) concentration of the urine they produced is urine production will not occur effectively
The Loop of Henle plays an essential role in the formation of urine, it is a portion of the renal tubule that contains a descending and ascending limb responsible for concentrating urine. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney. They consist of the renal corpuscle, proximal tubule, Loop of Henle, and distal tubule. Each nephron filters blood, removes waste products, and produces urine, the function of the Loop of Henle is to create a concentration gradient that allows for the reabsorption of water and the secretion of waste products. If the Loop of Henle is missing, urine production will not occur effectively.
The volume and osmotic concentration of the urine will decrease.Urine produced in nephrons without a Loop of Henle will be more dilute because the Loop of Henle is essential in concentrating urine, this will result in an increase in urine volume and a decrease in osmotic concentration. The Loop of Henle helps maintain the concentration of urine by transporting salt and water between the descending and ascending limbs. The descending limb allows water to leave, and the ascending limb allows salt to leave, this allows for the creation of a concentration gradient that leads to the formation of concentrated urine. Therefore, if the Loop of Henle is lacking, there will be a decrease in the concentration of urine produced.
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Which process most increases the amount of
phosphorus available for use in the ecosystem?
Answers
Where is the moving electric field that causes Earth's magnetic field? A.)earth surface B.)in space C.)earth mantel D.)earth core
Answers
Answer:
D) core
Explanation:
The magnetic field is caused by the electric currents that occur in the core. The core is basically a hodgepodge of metals and really hot materials. Some of the metals, including iron and nickel, cycle around in the core in a process called convection. These convection currents lead to the electric currents and from there the magnetic currents.
Although the step test is an easy and common measure of cardiovascular fitness, not everyone can do it. How do we evaluate fitness in someone who is unable to step up and down? Decide on a condition in which someone would not be able to step up and down, and research how you could assess their cardiovascular fitness. a) briefly describe the condition you chose (1 sentence) b) briefly describe how you could assess their cardiovascular fitness (4 sentences max) c) Include one reference (formatted in either APA or MLA) and attach a pdf of the article
Answers
These tests provide objective measures of cardiovascular fitness and can be adapted to the specific needs and abilities of individuals with paraplegia.
What is the condition chosen, assessment of cardiovascular fitness and reference?a) The condition chosen: Paraplegia - Paraplegia is a condition characterized by the loss of sensation and voluntary movement in the lower half of the body, typically due to spinal cord injury or disease.
b) Assessment of cardiovascular fitness: In individuals with paraplegia who are unable to perform the step test, alternative methods can be used to assess cardiovascular fitness. One such method is the wheelchair ergometer test, where the individual performs upper body exercise using a wheelchair ergometer while their heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen consumption are monitored. Another method is the arm crank ergometer test, where the individual uses an arm crank ergometer to perform upper body exercise while their cardiovascular responses are measured. These tests provide objective measures of cardiovascular fitness and can be adapted to the specific needs and abilities of individuals with paraplegia.
c) Reference:
Lepers, R., & Maffiuletti, N. A. (2013). Assessment of upper body strength in paraplegics using force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. Spinal Cord, 51(9), 705–710. doi: 10.1038/sc.2013.75
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Which statement is TRUE about the molecule glucose?
•It is a simple carbohydrate that serves as the monomer for complex carbohydrates
•It is a simple protein that serves as the monomer for complex proteins
•It is a product of aerobic cellular respiration
•It is a reactant of photosynthesis
Answers
HELP PLEASE!!!
ASAP
How do bacterial species build antibiotic resistance? Do viruses do the same thing? Explain your answer.
Answers
Bacteria can change its DNA in reproduction or transfer various different genes to build resistance. Viruses can do the same. Both will naturally change and improve over time because the DNA is always changing.The bacteria can also mutate to better help it in its environment.
Which of the following is the best description of cell division that takes place through the process of meiosis
A. Embryo is growing and developing in the womb
B. A sperm cell and egg cell combine, forming a zygote
C. Humans begin producing sperm
D. Skin cells are constantly being replaced as old ones shed away every day
Answers
The best description of cell division that takes place through the process of meiosis is when the humans begin to produce sperms. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is Meiosis?Meiosis is a type of cell division. It is also called as reductional division. Meiosis occurs in the sex cells. These result into production of gametes in the organisms which reproduce through sexual mode of reproduction.
Meiosis is divided into two divisions which are Meiosis I and Meiosis II. These results into four daughter cells which contain haploid or half set of chromosomes in comparison to the parent cells. The gametes produced from meiosis undergo fusion to produce diploid zygote (2n).
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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How can knowledge about the pineal gland function be applied?
A. To restore sleep time by the use of melatonin
B. To trigger ovulation during an IVF treatment
C. To reduce sperm production in male contraception
D. To regulate blood sugar in type I diabetes
Answers
Knowledge about the pineal gland function be applied A. To restore sleep time by the use of melatonin.
The pineal gland is a small, pinecone-shaped gland located in the center of the brain. It produces the hormone melatonin, which is responsible for regulating sleep cycles and circadian rhythms. Knowledge of the pineal gland's function can be applied in several ways.For example, melatonin supplementation can help restore sleep patterns in people with sleep disorders.
Melatonin is also used to regulate sleep patterns in people who work night shifts. Furthermore, in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments can trigger ovulation by using synthetic versions of hormones that regulate the pineal gland's function. Finally, the pineal gland's ability to regulate blood sugar levels makes it a potential target for treating type 1 diabetes. Therefore, from the options given above, the correct option is A. To restore sleep time by the use of melatonin.
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What is another name for the tRNA?
Answers
Answer:
rRNA and mRNA
Explanation:
5.The data table below summarizes the results of an investigation in which seeds from the same plant were grown
under different conditions of temperature and relative.
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information in the data table?
(1) Color in this species is determined by genes, only.
(2) Many characteristics are not inherited.
(3) Mutations occur only when plants are grown at low temperatures.
(4) There is an interaction between environment and heredity.
Answers
The data present in the table shows an alteration in the pigmentation of plants grown in environments of different temperatures and humidity. This allows us to infer that there is an interaction between the environment and the aspect of the plants.
The experiment depicted by the data in the table shows that it was comprised of 4 variables:
The humidityThe TemperatureThe color of the plants The genes present in each seed.As per the first option that states that color in this species of plant is determined only by genes, we can immediately consider this statement to be false given that the data in the table directly contradicts this claim. The data in the table shows a clear correlation between plant color and the environment and therefore renders option one incorrect.
Options 2 and 3 provide specific assumptions as to the genetic makeup of the plants and exact hereditary patterns. Though these assumptions may turn out to be true, it is not something that can be determined from the data in this table.
We can not assume that mutations occur at low temperatures because we are not given the value of the genes shown and therefore do not know which of the scenarios corresponds to the normal outcome and which shows a mutation.
Therefore it may very well be true to say that the mutations occur at high temperatures rather than lower ones. Options 2 and 3 are false.
Finally, option four provides the only sound choice of conclusions. This option states that there is an interaction between heredity and the environment. This means that the environment in which a seed is planted directly affects the genes that are expressed.
This is the only sound conclusion given that it does not give specifics but instead makes a broad assumption that can be easily corroborated by the evidence listed in the table.
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Answer: 4. There is an interaction between environment and heredity.
Explanation: There is an interaction between environment and heredity. The organism that have genes AA or Aa are red at 20 degrees C and white at 31 degrees C.
How does acid rain (deposition) form and travel to effect the environment?
Answers
Answer:
The ecological effects of acid rain are most clearly seen in aquatic environments, such as streams, lakes, and marshes where it can be harmful to fish and other wildlife. As it flows through the soil, acidic rain water can leach aluminum from soil clay particles and then flow into streams and lakes
Explanation:
help plants
2 Which statement best summarizes the central idea and important
details of paragraph 3?
A
A forest food chain that includes leaves, caterpillars, sparrows,
snakes, eagles, hawks, vultures, and bacteria is one of the
longest in that ecosystem.
B
One forest food chain begins with caterpillars eating leaves.
Then birds, snakes, and larger birds eat each other. Finally,
bacteria in the soil decompose the remains.
CA forest food chain starts with trees, leaves, and caterpillars.
Birds eat the caterpillars and are eaten by snakes. The chain
continues until a vulture eats a dead hawk.
D One ecosystem may have many different food chains. One
example of a food chain in a forest involves leaves, caterpillars,
sparrows, snakes, eagles, hawks, vultures, and bacteria.
Answers
The best summary of paragraph 3 is:
D One ecosystem may have many different food chains. One example of a food chain in a forest involves leaves, caterpillars, sparrows, snakes, eagles, hawks, vultures, and bacteria.
What does a central idea portray?
Paragraph 3 provides an example of a food chain in a forest ecosystem, but it also emphasizes that there can be many different food chains in an ecosystem. Option A is incorrect because it only mentions the length of the food chain without providing additional details.
Option B is incorrect because it presents a simplistic view of a food chain that doesn't include all the organisms mentioned in paragraph 3. Option C is also incorrect because it leaves out important organisms in the food chain and doesn't mention the fact that there can be many different food chains in an ecosystem.
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ASAP What are the differences between the metric and English systems of measurement?
Answers
answer:
the metric system uses interchangeable latin prefixes to indicate the amount of unit being measured, multiples of ten are used as well, making things easier to convert.
the english system is based more on things used to measure units historically, making it more difficult to convert units.
what are the steps to make beryllium?
Answers
Answer:
Beryllium is processed from the ore in four major steps: (1) the beryl ore is converted into a standard grade of beryllium hydroxide, (2) the hydroxide is purified, (3) purified beryllium hydroxide is reacted with ammonium bifluoride for conversion into ammonium beryllium fluoride, and (4) then reduced to beryllium
Answer:
Beryllium is processed from the ore in four major steps: (1) the beryl ore is converted into a standard grade of beryllium hydroxide, (2) the hydroxide is purified, (3) purified beryllium hydroxide is reacted with ammonium bifluoride for conversion into ammonium beryllium fluoride, and (4) then reduced to beryllium ...
Explanation:
hope it helps you
A couple, both carriers of cystic fibrosis (CF) alleles, can decrease their odds of having a child with CF by performing an in vitro fertilization procedure and screening the embryo for the CF alleles. This process is called
Answers
The procedure can decrease the odds of having a child with CF by performing an in vitro fertilization procedure and screening the embryo for the CF alleles is referred to as preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
What diseases can be detected by preimplantation genetic diagnosis?Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is the testing of embryos or oocytes at the pre-implantation stage for genetic defects.
It can be used to diagnose cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, Hemophilia, etc.
Thus, the procedure can decrease the odds of having a child with CF by performing an in vitro fertilization procedure and screening the embryo for the CF alleles is referred to as preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
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Pathogens must be ____ to spread and not all infectious diseases are contagious or cause harm to every animal that hosts it.
Answers
during a surgical procedure, a patient suddenly has a major hemorrhage. how will the blood distribution to different organs change after the hemorrage
Answers
During a surgical procedure, a patient may suddenly experience a major hemorrhage, which is the loss of a significant amount of blood. This can cause the body's blood volume to decrease rapidly, leading to changes in blood distribution to different organs.
In response to the hemorrhage, the body will initiate several compensatory mechanisms to maintain adequate blood flow to vital organs such as the brain, heart, and kidneys.
One of the primary mechanisms is vasoconstriction, which is the narrowing of blood vessels in non-essential organs to redirect blood flow to essential organs. This can lead to reduced blood flow to organs such as the liver and spleen, which may compromise their function. Additionally, the heart will increase its rate and strength of contraction to maintain adequate cardiac output and blood pressure.
The body may also release hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, which can increase heart rate and blood pressure and help to maintain blood flow to essential organs. In severe cases, blood transfusions may be required to replenish lost blood volume and prevent further complications.
Overall, a major hemorrhage during a surgical procedure can have significant effects on blood distribution to different organs. The body will initiate several compensatory mechanisms to maintain adequate blood flow to essential organs, but the extent of these changes will depend on the severity of the hemorrhage and the effectiveness of the body's compensatory mechanisms.
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the best ""tool"" for a microbiologist would be a ______.
Answers
Microscopes, slides, test tubes, petri dishes, growth media (liquid and solid), inoculation loops, pipettes, and tips, incubators, autoclaves, and laminar flow hoods are all examples of microbiology equipment.
Which equipment is ideal for a scientist studying bacteria?
There are bacteria everywhere, and because they reproduce quickly, they are simple to examine using only a few basic materials. Petri plates, agar, sterile swabs, or an inoculating needle are all you need.
What instrument is used to quantify bacteria?
A compact, user-friendly tool called the DiluPhotometerTM OD600 is used to measure samples close to the 600 nm wavelength (OD600). It is appropriate for determining the rates of growth of a variety of cell types, including E (cell density, bacterial growth, and yeast growth).
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2. Which type of stem cell gives rise to red and white blood cells?
A. Endothelial
B. Epithelial
C. Hematopoietic
D. Mesenchymal
Any help is appreciated!!
Answers
endothelial is the ans dud
The type of stem cell that gives rise to red and white blood cells is called a hematopoietic stem cell and is present in Option C, as hematopoietic stem cells are multipotent stem cells that reside in the bone marrow.
What is a hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) ?
Hematopoietic stem cells are a type of stem cell that give rise to all types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, and they reside in the bone marrow and are responsible for replenishing the body's blood cells. They have the ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types, and the process by which HSCs differentiate into the different types of blood cells is tightly regulated by various factors, including growth factors.
Hence, the type of stem cell that gives rise to red and white blood cells is called a hematopoietic stem cell and is present in Option C.
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5. Which offspring could not arise from the parent cells with the chromosomes shown below? Assume crossovers can occur between chromosome pairs in the parent
cells
Parent 1
Parent 2
Allele key
Dominant
C- Curly wing
B - Brown body
L-Legs on head
R- Red eyes
Recessive
C - normal wing
b - black body
I - antenna
r- orange eyes
Answers
Answer:The answer is B because with 3/4 of the L trait being dominant, it’s impossible to have an offspring with the recessive trait
Explanation:
quizlet a muscle cell takes a glucose molecule, stores it as part of a glycogen molecule and later releases it and sends it through glycolysis. what will be the net atp yield? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. more than 4 date:
Answers
When a muscle cell takes a glucose molecule, stores it as part of a glycogen molecule and later releases it and sends it through glycolysis, the net ATP yield would be b. 2.
In a muscle cell, when a glucose molecule is taken in, it can be stored as part of a glycogen molecule and later released for energy production through the process of glycolysis. During glycolysis, a series of chemical reactions occur that break down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules as a result.
The net ATP yield from glycolysis is typically 2 ATP molecules. This is because glycolysis involves the initial investment of 2 ATP molecules, but also generates 4 ATP molecules through substrate-level phosphorylation. However, there is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules since the initial investment of 2 ATP molecules is already accounted for.
To summarize, the net ATP yield from glycolysis in a muscle cell, when a glucose molecule is taken, stored as part of a glycogen molecule, and later released, is 2 ATP molecules. Hence, the correct answer is Option B.
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