What two questions remained about Wegener's ideas that kept scientists from accepting his theory

Answer:

Explanation:

The density of a substance can be found by using the formula

\(density = \frac{mass}{volume} \\\)

From the question

mass = 37.2 g

volume = 40 mL

We have

\(density = \frac{37.2}{40} \\ = 0.93\)

We have the final answer as

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Answer:

Oxygen is one of the most abundant elements on Earth. Oxygen accounts for 20.9% of the atmosphere, 45% of the Earth's crust (as oxide minerals) and also accounts for almost all of the mass of water on Earth (89%). It is found in a huge number of natural minerals including sulfates, phosphates, carbonates and oxides.

Explanation:

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The fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is given by the equation: f = 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT). The change in chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT.

Fugacity is a measure of the escaping tendency of a component in a mixture, which is defined as the pressure that the component would have if it obeyed ideal gas laws. It is used as a correction factor in the calculation of equilibrium constants and thermodynamic properties such as chemical potential. Here we need to determine the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm and the change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm. So, using the formula of fugacity: f = P.exp(Δu/RT) Where P is the pressure of the system, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature of the system, Δu is the change in chemical potential of the system.  Δu = RT ln (f / P)The chemical potential at the initial state can be calculated using the ideal gas equation as: PV = nRT    

=>  P

= nRT/V

=> 20.4 atm

= nRT/V

=> n/V

= 20.4/RT The chemical potential of the system at the initial state is:

Δu1 = RT ln (f/P)

= RT ln (f/20.4) Also, we know that for a pure substance,

Δu = Δg. So,

Δg1 = Δu1 The change in pressure is 24 atm – 20.4 atm

= 3.6 atm At the second state, the pressure is 24 atm.

Using the ideal gas equation, n/V = 24/RT The chemical potential of the system at the second state is: Δu2 = RT ln (f/24) = RT ln (f/24) The change in chemical potential is Δu2 – Δu1 The change in chemical potential is

Δu2 – Δu1 = RT ln (f/24) – RT ln (f/20.4)

= RT ln [(f/24)/(f/20.4)]

= RT ln (20.4/24)

= - 0.0911 RT Therefore, the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is:

f = P.exp(Δu/RT)

=> f

= 20.4 exp (-Δu1/RT)

=> f

= 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT) And, the change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT. Therefore, the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is given by the equation: f = 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT). The change in chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT.

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The given statement, "If a mineral fizzes when it comes into contact with acetic acid, it is probably composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)" is true because When a mineral fizzes upon contact with acetic acid, it is a strong indication that the mineral is composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃).

The fizzing occurs due to the release of carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) during a chemical reaction between the acid and the carbonate compound. Calcium carbonate is a common mineral found in various forms such as limestone, marble, and chalk. It is insoluble in water but reacts readily with acids, including acetic acid, which is the main component of vinegar.

The reaction between calcium carbonate and acetic acid can be represented by the following equation:

CaCO₃ + 2CH₃COOH → Ca(CH₃COO)₂ + H₂O + CO₂

In this reaction, calcium carbonate reacts with acetic acid to form calcium acetate, water, and carbon dioxide gas. The release of carbon dioxide gas is responsible for the fizzing observed when the mineral comes into contact with the acid.

Therefore, if a mineral fizzes when it encounters acetic acid, it is likely composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). This fizzing reaction is often used as a simple and effective test to identify the presence of calcium carbonate in minerals or rocks.

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2 Methylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde has the molecular formula C7H12O. Additionally, it is known as 2-methylcyclopentane-1-carbaldehyde.

When choosing which end of the carbon chain to start numbering, you must give the carbonyl group "priority" over the double bond when naming unsaturated aldehydes and ketones. In an acyclic compound, the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde will always be at the end of the carbon chain, so numbering always begins at this carbon. Anywhere in a chain or ring, a ketone carbonyl function may be found, and its location is typically indicated by a location number. In C7H12O normal chain numbering begins at the end closest to the carbonyl group. Since there is only one potential site for a ketone carbonyl function, very basic ketones like propanone and phenyl-ethanone do not need a locator number.

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Answer:

a molecule of an element is called atomicity

Answer: Chlorine gas is produced when sulfuric acid is mixed with chlorine bleach.

Explanation:  This reaction is a function of the change in pH of the solution from alkaline to acidic combined with the strong oxidant properties of hypochlorous acid.

Answer:

A. 2.45 L - Answer my answers is right.

Answer:

Pupa Stage

Explanation:

Silk worm consists of four stages- the adult, the egg, the larva (caterpillar) and the pupa stage.

It would take 345.7 minutes in a plate.

Justification: It serves as an illustration of Faraday's First Law of Electrolysis.

According to this, the quantity of material deposited is directly inversely related to the quantity of voltage transmitted.

W=Zit, =E/96500, = E it/96500, and E=58.7 (molar mass of Ni)/2 (charge on Ni)=29.3 t=W96500/E I = 29.6x96500/29.3x4.7, = 20742.1 sec, = 345.7 min.

It is the fifth most prevalent element on earth and is widely distributed throughout the crust and core of the planet. Along with iron, nickel is a frequent metal in meteorites and is also present in trace amounts in saltwater, plants, and animals.

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Yes, some inherited traits can be changed by an organism's environment. While certain traits such as eye color or hair texture may not change based on the environment, other traits such as an organism's size or behavior can be influenced by the environment.

For instance, if an organism inherits a genetic predisposition towards being tall, but experiences a lack of proper nutrition during growth due to environmental factors such as limited food availability, then its final height may be shorter than expected. Similarly, inherited behaviors may be modified or adapted in response to changes in an organism's environment.

For example, if a species of bird inherits a behavior of feeding on a particular type of plant, but that plant becomes scarce due to environmental changes, the bird may adapt its feeding behavior to include a different food source. Overall, the relationship between an organism's inherited traits and its environment can be complex and dynamic, with both factors playing a role in shaping the organism's characteristics and behaviors.

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Answer:

\(0.75\ \text{M}\)

Explanation:

\(C_1\) = Concentration of \(Na_2CO_3\)

\(C_2\) = Concentration of \(HCl\) = 1 M

\(V_1\) = Volume of \(Na_2CO_3\) = 20 mL

\(V_2\) = Volume of \(HCl\) = 15 mL

We have the relation

\(V_1C_1=V_2C_2\\\Rightarrow C_1=\dfrac{V_2C_2}{V_1}\\\Rightarrow C_1=\dfrac{15\times 1}{20}\\\Rightarrow C_1=0.75\ \text{M}\)

The concentration of \(Na_2CO_3\) is \(0.75\ \text{M}\).

The answer is the properties of noble gas. The following correct two answers are :-

The noble gases are colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonflammable under popular conditions. They have been once categorized institution zero in the periodic table because it become believed they'd a valence of zero, meaning their atoms can't combine with the ones of other elements to form compounds.

The most considerable property of the noble gases, group 18 is their state of being inactive. They occur in low concentrations within the surroundings. They locate makes use of as inert atmospheres, neon signs and symptoms, and as coolants. The 3 heaviest noble gases react with fluorine to form fluorides.

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Thompson's model concluded that the atom contained something small and negative. The correct option to this question is C.

Thomson's description of the atomic model is one of many scientific models of the atom. Created by J.J. Thomson in 1904, shortly after the electron was discovered. However, the atomic nucleus had not yet been discovered at that time. So he proposed a model based on the known properties available at the time. Known properties are:

Atoms are neutrally charged

Inside an atom are negatively charged particles called electrons. According to the assumptions of Thomson's atomic model, an atom resembles a positively charged sphere with electrons (negatively charged particles) inside.

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Look below. When two amino acids are joined together, or when two amino acids condense, a dipeptide is created. Condensation occurs between the amine group of one amino acid and the acid group of another.

What is the photosynthesis chemical formula?

The carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on the other combine to create a link, which results in the creation of a water molecule. What do you name a dipeptide that has been split into two amino acids?

The dipeptide is broken down into two ionised amino acids in the hydrolysis reaction depicted here with the addition of a water molecule. One amino acid receives a negative charge and an oxygen atom, whereas the second amino acid receives two hydrogen atoms.

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In the Lewis structure of methanol (CH3OH), the OH group is placed on the outside because it is an important functional group that influences the chemical properties and reactivity of the molecule.

The Lewis structure is a representation of a molecule that shows the arrangement of atoms and valence electrons. In methanol, carbon (C) is the central atom bonded to three hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. The oxygen atom forms a single bond with carbon and also has two lone pairs of electrons.

The placement of the OH group (hydroxyl group) on the outside of the Lewis structure is significant because it determines the chemical behavior of methanol. The OH group consists of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and represents the presence of an alcohol functional group.

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific arrangements of atoms within a molecule that give rise to characteristic chemical reactions and properties. The presence and position of functional groups can greatly influence the behavior and reactivity of a compound. In the case of methanol, the hydroxyl group provides the molecule with its characteristic properties.

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

The commercial technology commonly uses plasma is a television. The correct option is c.

Commercial technology is any technology that is employed in the business world, including electric power, radio, television, phones, and other similar devices. These items are employed commercially in a variety of fields. An electrical gadget called television is used to watch entertainment.

Plasma is a substance found in televisions; these gas-filled pockets receive electricity to transform into plasma screens. The UV rays that these plasmas then emit create a picture as they pass through the phosphorus cells.

Thus, the correct option is c. a television, regarding a commercial technology that commonly uses plasmas.

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The volume of a 6.21 g sample of chloroform with a density (d) of 1.49 g/ml is 4.16 ml.

We can use the formula:

density = mass/volume

to find the volume of the chloroform sample.

Rearranging the formula, we get:

volume = mass/density

Substituting the given values, we get:

volume = 6.21 g / 1.49 g/ml

Simplifying the expression, we get:

volume = 4.16 ml

Therefore, the volume of the chloroform sample is 4.16 ml.

Chloroform is a colorless, heavy, and sweet-smelling liquid that is used as a solvent and in the production of refrigerants and propellants. It is also used as a general anesthetic and in the production of various pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. Chloroform is denser than water, with a density of 1.49 g/mL at room temperature. The density of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume, and it is usually expressed in grams per milliliter (g/mL) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). The volume of a substance can be calculated by dividing its mass by its density. In the given problem, we used the mass of the chloroform sample and its density to calculate its volume.

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The correct answer is: c. The neutron got its name because It does not have an electrical charge.

The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n⁰ , which has a neutral charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms.

Neutrons are subatomic particles that reside in the nucleus of an atom and have a neutral charge. Unlike protons, which carry a positive charge, and electrons, which carry a negative charge, neutrons do not possess any electrical charge.

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Answer: Volcanic activity.

Explanation:

The number of turns can not be negative, So the solenoid has 170 turns.

We know that; The magnitude of the induced EMF is 12.6 mV

The rate of change of current is 0.0260 A/s.

The average flux through each turn of the solenoid is 0.00285 Wb.

The formula to calculate the magnitude of the induced EMF in a toroid solenoid is,

Emf = -N (ΔΦ / Δt)Where,

Emf = Electromotive force in volts.

N = Number of turns.

ΔΦ = Change in the flux in Weber (Wb).

Δt = Time in seconds.

So we can rearrange the formula to calculate the number of turns as;

N = -Emf(Δt / ΔΦ)

Putting the values,

Emf = 12.6 mVΔt = 1/0.026 = 38.46 sΔΦ = 0.00285 Wb

N = -12.6 × 10^-3 (38.46 / 0.00285)

N = -12.6 × 10^-3 × 38.46 ÷ 0.00285

N = - 170 turns

Since the number of turns can not be negative, So the solenoid has 170 turns.

An average flux is the average amount of magnetic flux passing through a cross-sectional area of a given substance. It is given by the formula ;Average flux = (Total flux / Number of turns)

170 turns.

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Assuming the sun's energy is radiated uniformly in all directions,  the total power is (π \(r . ^{2}\) * σ\(R^{2} T^{4}\))/\(r^{2}\)

According to Stefan's law, if the sun were a perfect blackbody, its energy output per second would be:

P=σA\(T^{4\left \ }\)

(Where P is energy radiated per second and A is the area of the sun.)

⇒P=σ×4π\(R^{2} T^{4}\).............(1)

Assuming r>>r., the strength of this power at the earth's surface is

I= P/4π\(r^{2}\)

​⇒I= σ×4π\(R^{2} T^{4}\)/4π\(r^{2}\)

(Inserting the value obtained from equation (1))

⇒I= σ\(R^{2} T^{2}\)/\(r^{2}\)

Due to its great distance from the sun, the earth only receives a small portion of the energy that is radiated. The earth can be visualized as a little disc with a radius equal to that of the planet.

The disc's surface area is \(r .^{2}\) hence the earth's total radiant energy as received is:

PE=π\(r. ^{2}\)×I

P E = (π \(r . ^{2}\) * σ\(R^{2} T^{4}\))/\(r^{2}\)

Assuming the sun's energy is radiated uniformly in all directions,  the total power is (π \(r . ^{2}\) * σ\(R^{2} T^{4}\))/\(r^{2}\)

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Answer:

1.15 moles H₂

Explanation:

To find the moles of H₂ gas, you need to use the Ideal Gas Law equation. The equation looks like this:

PV = nRT

In this equation,

-----> P = pressure (atm)

-----> V = volume (L)

-----> n = moles

-----> R = Ideal Gas Constant (0.08206 L*atm/mol*K)

-----> T = temperature (K)

Before you can plug the given values into the equation and simplify, you need to convert Celsius to Kelvin.

P = 0.923 atm                     R = 0.08206 L*atm/mol*K

V = 29.6 L                           T = 17.0 °C + 273.15 = 290.15 K

n = ? moles

PV = nRT

(0.923 atm)(29.6 L) = n(0.08206 L*atm/mol*K)(290.15 K)

27.3208 = n(23.809709)

1.15 = n

The molecular formula of the given compound is \($\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$\) also known as  Carbonic acid.

The simplest whole-number ratio of the various atoms in a compound is represented by an empirical formula.

The precise number of various atom types present in a compound's molecule is indicated by the molecular formula.

Given that,

H = 3.3%

C = 19.3%

O = 77.4%

No. of moles of H = 3.3/1

No. of moles of H = 3.3

No. of moles of C = 19.3 / 12

No. of moles of C = 1.60

No. of moles of O = 77.4/16

No. of moles of O = 4.83

Therefore, the ratio of the atoms of C, H and O = 3.3 : 1.60 : 4.83

Divide by smallest value which you get =3.3 / 1.60 : 1.60 / 1.60 : 4.83 / 1.60

The ratio of the atoms of C, H and O = 2 : 1 : 3

So, the empirical formula is \($\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2}$\)

Let the molecular formula is \($\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\right) \mathrm{n}$\)

Then, molar mass \($=(2 \times 1+1 \times 12+3 \times 16) n\\\)

Molar mass = 62n

As the question, 62 n = 60

n = 0.96 or n = 1 (rounded off to nearest ones)

So, the molecular formula is \($\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\right) 1=\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$\) i.e., the compound is Carbonic acid.

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Answer:

Molality of the solution is 1.9922 m.

Explanation:

The boiling point elevation (ΔTb) of a solution can be calculated using the following formula:

ΔTb = Kb x molality

∴ Kb is the ebullioscopic constant of the solvent (water in this case) and molality is the molality of the solution.

For water, Kb = 0.512 °C/m.

From the problem statement, ΔTb = 1.02 °C. Plugging these values into the equation above, we get:

1.02 °C = 0.512 °C/m x molality

Solving for molality, we get:

molality = 1.02 °C / (0.512 °C/m) = 1.9922 m

Therefore, the molality of the solution is 1.9922 m.

When the particles of substance we need to increase its temperature by 20°C are compared to the particles of a substance we need to increase the temperature by 50°C, it can be observed that the particles we need to increase the temperature by 20°C have less kinetic energy than the particles we need to increase the temperature by 50°C.

Particles in a solid, liquid, or gas move more quickly as their temperature rises, hence, their kinetic energy increases.

The kinetic energy of molecules diminishes when the temperature drops because molecules' vibrations are reduced as well.

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How does the size of a magnesium ion with a 2+ charge compare with that of a sodium ion with a single (+) charge?Magnesium has a larger ionic radius than sodium. The magnesium ion has a 2+ charge, while the sodium ion has a 1+ charge.

The ionic radius of an ion is determined by the number of electrons it contains, which is directly related to its atomic number. Sodium has an atomic number of 11, with 11 electrons in the atom. When one electron is removed from the outermost shell, it forms a sodium ion with a 1+ charge. The ionic radius of sodium ion is 95 picometers.Magnesium, on the other hand, has an atomic number of 12, with 12 electrons in the atom. When two electrons are removed from the outermost shell, it forms a magnesium ion with a 2+ charge. The ionic radius of the magnesium ion is 66 picometers.

Magnesium and sodium are two alkali metals that are very different from each other in terms of their properties. Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal with an  of 12, while sodium is an alkali metal with an atomic number of 11. The two metals differ in terms of the number of electrons they have, as well as in terms of the size of their ions when they are charged.Magnesium has a larger ionic radius than sodium because it has more electrons in its outer shell, which creates a greater electrostatic attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. As a result, the magnesium ion has a greater size than the sodium ion. The magnesium ion has a 2+ charge, while the sodium ion has a 1+ charge. The ionic radius of the sodium ion is 95 picometers, while the ionic radius of the magnesium ion is 66 picometers.

the size of a magnesium ion with a 2+ charge is smaller than that of a sodium ion with a single (+) charge. The difference in size can be attributed to the number of electrons in the outer shell of the ions, which determines the electrostatic attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. Magnesium has more electrons in its outer shell than sodium, which results in a greater electrostatic attraction and a larger ionic radius.

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Answer:

false

Explanation:

Pseudoscience is a field of study where researchers claim to be scientific in their research and adopt some of the procedures of science, but fail to fulfill the criteria effectively.