When a chemist collects hydrogen gas over water, she ends up with a mixture of hydrogen and water vapor in her collecting bottle. If the pressure in the collecting bottle is 97. 1 kilopascals and the vapor pressure of the water is 3. 2 kilopascals, what is the partial pressure of the hydrogen? A. 93. 9 kPa B. 98. 1 kPa C. 100. 3 kPa D. 104. 5 kPa.

The benefits that companies can realize from altering chemical equilibria depend on the specific chemical reactions involved. One benefit is an increase in the yield of desired products, which can lead to increased profits. Another benefit is the ability to minimize waste by increasing the efficiency of the reaction.

Chemical equilibrium refers to a dynamic balance between the forward and backward reactions of a chemical process that takes place at a constant temperature.

As a result, it is critical for chemical processes and has a number of uses in industry.

The degree of conversion of a chemical reaction can be changed by altering the temperature, pressure, and concentration of the reactants.

This method can be utilized to alter the equilibrium of a chemical reaction. By eliminating or lowering the concentration of one of the reactants, a chemical reaction can be pushed to move forward. In addition, by increasing or decreasing the pressure of the system, a chemical reaction can be altered.

Changes in temperature can also affect the chemical reaction rates and equilibrium position.

Additionally, changing the equilibrium can lead to an increase in product purity by minimizing the presence of impurities.Overall, altering the chemical equilibrium can be a powerful tool for companies to improve their efficiency and profitability.

However, it must be used carefully to ensure that any changes made do not have unintended negative consequences.

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True breeding parents will pass two copies of a trait variant to their offspring. This is because true breeding parents are homozygous for a specific trait.

they have two identical copies of the gene responsible for that trait. When they reproduce, each parent will contribute one copy of the gene, resulting in the offspring inheriting two copies of the trait variant. In genetic terms, true breeding parents are considered homozygous dominant (for a dominant trait) or homozygous recessive (for a recessive trait). Homozygous individuals have two identical alleles for a particular gene, and when they reproduce, both alleles are passed on to the offspring. This ensures that the offspring will also be homozygous for the trait variant, maintaining its consistency in future generations.

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Answer:

YEESSS

Explanation:

Because that seems like the only logical answer.

Answer:

YES

Explanation:

YES

Submicroscopic events are the structure and behavior of the matter or particle that can use for the macroscopic observations of the matter.

Sub microscopic elements are very minute and small particles that can be only seen by a microscope. These are small particles that together make the big matter.

Macroscopic particles are big particles that are constituted by small particles.

Thus, the structure and behavior of the matter or particle that can be used for macroscopic observations of the matter are submicroscopic occurrences.

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The shortest distance between an atom's nucleus and its outermost shell is known as the atomic radius in basic chemistry. When an electron is lost the positive ionic radius is smaller than the neutral atomic radius. The correct option is B.

In a molecule, an atomic radius is equal to half the distance between neighboring atoms of the same element. While the nuclear charge does not change when an atom loses an electron, the number of electrons does. As a result, the atom's interelectronic repulsions weaken. The result is a rise in the effective nuclear charge. The result is a reduction in the atom's radius.

A cation loses valence electrons, which causes it to have a lower radius than its neutral atom. The radius of the cation is reduced as a result of the "new" valence shell being kept nearer to the nucleus.

Thus the correct option is B.

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The three‑dimensional structure of the potassium channel has also revealed the presence of four K+‑binding sites in the constricted region. In this regard, binding of a second potassium ion to a site adjacent to the first potassium ion's binding site creates an electrostatic repulsion. This electrostatic repulsion helps to push the first potassium ion onto the next binding site. Potassium channels refer to transmembrane channels that allow the passage of potassium ions through the membrane by electrochemical gradients. They are found in many living organisms, such as archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes, such as humans. They are responsible for many critical physiological functions, including controlling the heartbeat, regulating insulin secretion, and tuning the neurons' excitability.

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Answer:

just wanted points

Explanation:

i wasted your time srry

Answer:

the right answer is:

Explanation:

How to Balance: NaHCO3 + HC2H3O2 = NaC2H3O2 + CO2 + H2O|

Answer:

NaHCO3 +C6H8O7

Explanation:

these are the formulas of sodium hydrogen carbonate and citric acid

Answer:

B: electronegativity

Explanation:

Electronegativity is the measure of how strongly atoms attract bonding electrons to themselves.

A is incorrect because Atomic radius though decreases as you go from lithium to fluorine of the periodic table. Atomic radius increases when you go from either top to bottom of the periodic table, or if you go from right to left. So answer A is inaccurate.

C is incorrect because in period 2, all the elements have two electron subshells. For example, Al has 13 electrons. So it has two electron subshells. This is since the first subshell has only two valence electrons and while the second subshell in Al has 11 valence electrons. Therefore, it is inaccurate to say this answer.

D is incorrect because in the first shell, you can only have a max of two electrons. The first shell neither decreases or increases. Therefore, D is inaccurate too.

B is correct because as you go from the periodic table from left to right, the electronegativity and ionization energy increases. This is since the more valence electrons an element has, the more electronegative is.  Fluorine for example is desperately trying to get one more electron to have a total of 8 electrons. It wants to have a full shell. Therefore, B is the most relevant answer.

As the chemical elements in Period 2 are considered in order from lithium to fluorine, there is an  increase in: B)  electronegativity.

On a periodic table, the horizontal columns represents the periods of chemical elements in ascending order such as from lithium (Li) to fluorine (F).

Electronegativity can be defined as a measure of the ability (tendency) of an atom of a chemical element to attract any shared pair of electrons.

Generally, the electronegativity of a chemical element typically increases across the period from left to right.

For example,  electronegativity increases from lithium (Li) to fluorine (F) in Period 2 on a periodic table.

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At a temperature of approximately 353.54 K, the reaction will have a ΔG of 0, indicating that it is at equilibrium.

For a reaction to have a ΔG (Gibbs free energy change) of 0, it must be at equilibrium. To determine the temperature at which this occurs, we can use the following equation:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
In this case, ΔH = -35 kJ and ΔS = -99 J/K. First, let's convert ΔH to J by multiplying by 1000:
ΔH = -35,000 J
Now, we can rewrite the equation with the given values:
0 = -35,000 J - T(-99 J/K)
To solve for the temperature (T), first isolate T by adding 35,000 J to both sides of the equation:
35,000 J = 99 J/K * T
Now, divide both sides by 99 J/K to find the temperature:
T ≈ 35,000 J / 99 J/K ≈ 353.54 K
At a temperature of approximately 353.54 K, the reaction will have a ΔG of 0, indicating that it is at equilibrium.

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The number of electrons in the valence shell of the given element is 6. Therefore, the group of the given element is 16.

The electron configuration of an element describes how electrons are distributed in the energy levels of an atom of an element. The number of electrons in an atom is usually written as a superscript of electron-containing atomic subshells in the electron configuration of an atom.

For example, the electron configuration of Beryllium is written as 1s²2s². The principal quantum number (n) tells us about the maximum number of electrons that can be filled in a particular energy level. This is determined from 2n², where ‘n’ is the principal quantum number.

In the given image, the number of electrons in the valence shell is equal to 6. All the atoms that have six valence electrons are placed in group 16 of the periodic table.

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None of the options provided (a, b, c, or d) is universally true about cross sections.

Firstly, let's define what we mean by cross sections. Cross sections are essentially the 2D shapes that result from slicing through a 3D object with a plane. For example, if you were to slice a cone with a plane that is perpendicular to its base, the resulting cross section would be a circle.


It is not A (all cross sections are linear planes) because some cross sections can be curved or non-linear, such as the circle we just mentioned.

It is not C (all cross sections are line segments) because a line segment is a specific type of 2D shape that only has two endpoints. Cross sections can have any number of points or vertices, depending on the 3D object being sliced.

It is not D (all cross sections are arcs) for similar reasons - an arc is a specific type of curved shape that has a specific arc length and radius. Cross sections can have all sorts of different curved shapes, not just arcs.

So that leaves us with B - all cross sections are nonlinear planes. This is the correct answer because while cross sections can be linear (like a rectangle), they can also be non-linear (like a circle). However, regardless of their shape, cross sections are always flat, 2D planes that result from slicing through a 3D object.

Cross sections refer to the two-dimensional shapes that are obtained when a three-dimensional object is sliced by a plane.

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Answer:

D!

Explanation:

Roundified as in a cylinder. A cylinder needs to be roundified and this is the most Roundified one, Their for this is the answer!

Hope you pass!

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Swirling the contents during a reaction to help mixing

Answer:

A.) PCl₅

Explanation:

To determine the empirical formula, you need to (1) identify the atomic masses of both elements (from the periodic table), then (2) convert each element from grams to moles (via atomic masses), then (3) divide both elements by the smallest molar value of both, and then (4) construct the empirical formula.

(Step 1)

Atomic Mass (P): 30.974 g/mol

Atomic Mass (Cl): 35.453 g/mol

(Step 2)

 3.72 g P           1 mole
---------------  x  ------------------  =  0.120 mole P
                         30.974 g

21.28 g Cl             1 mole
-----------------  x  -------------------  =  0.600 mole Cl
                            35.453 g

(Step 3)

Because 0.120 mole is smaller than 0.600 mole, you need to divide both elements by this value to determine the ratio of the elements in the empirical formula.

0.120 mole P / 0.210 mole = 1.00 mole P

0.600 mole Cl / 0.210 mole = 5.00 moles Cl

(Step 4)

The molar value of each element represents the amount of each element in the formula. This value shows itself in the form of subscripts in the formula. This makes the correct empirical formula:

PCl₅

Answer: d

Explanation:

The equation that shows hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) reacting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid in water is:

HCl(g) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)

In this reaction, hydrogen chloride gas acts as an acid by donating a proton (H⁺) to water, which acts as a base. The water molecule accepts the proton and forms a hydronium ion (H3O⁺), while the chloride ion (Cl⁻) is formed as a result of the dissociation of the hydrogen chloride molecule.

The reaction is in equilibrium, indicated by the double arrow. It is important to note that the forward reaction represents the ionization of HCl to form hydronium and chloride ions, while the reverse reaction represents the recombination of the ions to form HCl and water.

This reaction is an example of a protolytic reaction, where a proton transfer occurs between an acid (HCl) and a base (H2O). It demonstrates the acid-base behavior of hydrogen chloride when dissolved in water, leading to the formation of hydronium and chloride ions.

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a. The new outlet temperature of the cumene stream after the capacity increase will be 63.33°C. b. i. The required increase in cooling water flowrate for the first test is 1.5 kg/s.

ii. The required increase in the number of plates for the second test is 5 plates.

a. To determine the new outlet temperature of the cumene stream after the capacity increase, we need to apply the energy balance equation:

Q = m * Cp * ΔT

where Q is the heat duty, m is the mass flow rate, Cp is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the temperature difference.

Before the capacity increase, we have:

Q1 = m_cumene * Cp_cumene * (T_out1 - T_in1)

Q1 = m_water * Cp_water * (T_out_water - T_in_water)

After the capacity increase, the new heat duty (Q2) is 33% higher than Q1:

Q2 = Q1 + 0.33 * Q1

Q2 = 1.33 * Q1

Since the overall heat transfer coefficient and the flow rate of cooling water remain the same, we can assume the heat transfer area (A) remains constant. Thus, the new temperature difference (ΔT2) can be determined using the same area:

Q2 = m_cumene * Cp_cumene * (T_out2 - T_in2)

Q2 = m_water * Cp_water * (T_out_water - T_in_water)

Q2 = A * U * ΔT2

Simplifying and rearranging the equation, we find:

ΔT2 = Q2 / (A * U)

Now we can calculate ΔT2:

ΔT2 = (1.33 * Q1) / (A * U)

Since the cooling water temperature remains the same, T_in_water and T_out_water remain constant. Therefore, the change in temperature of the cumene stream is:

ΔT_cumene = ΔT2 - (T_out1 - T_in1)

T_out2 = T_in2 + ΔT_cumene

Plugging in the values:

ΔT_cumene = (1.33 * Q1) / (A * U) - (T_out1 - T_in1)

T_out2 = T_in2 + ΔT_cumene

b. i. To increase the heat duty by increasing the cooling water flowrate, we need to determine the required increase in cooling water flowrate.

Q2 = Q1 + 0.33 * Q1

Q2 = m_cumene * Cp_cumene * (T_out2 - T_in2)

Q2 = m_water * Cp_water * (T_out_water - T_in_water)

Assuming the heat transfer coefficient and the temperature difference remain constant, the heat duty is directly proportional to the cooling water flowrate. Thus, the required increase in cooling water flowrate (Δm_water) can be calculated as:

Δm_water / m_water = ΔQ / Q1

Δm_water = ΔQ * m_water / Q1

Plugging in the values:

Δm_water = 0.33 * m_water

ii. To increase the heat duty by increasing the number of plates, we need to determine the required increase in the number of plates.

Q2 = Q1 + 0.33 * Q1

Q2 = m_cumene * Cp_cumene * (T_out2 - T_in2)

Q2 = m_water * Cp_water * (T_out_water - T_in_water)

Assuming the heat transfer coefficient and the flow rate of cooling water remain constant, the heat duty is directly proportional to the number of plates (Z). Thus, the required increase in the number of plates (ΔZ) can be calculated as:

ΔZ / Z = ΔQ / Q1

ΔZ = ΔQ * Z / Q1

Plugging in the values:

ΔZ = 0.33 * Z

a. The new outlet temperature of the cumene stream after the capacity increase is calculated to be 63.33°C.

b. i. The required increase in cooling water flowrate for the first test is 1.5 kg/s.

ii. The required increase in the number of plates for the second test is 5 plates.

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Answer:

Krypton.

Explanation:

By Graham's Law:

Rate 1 / Rate 2 = sqrt M2 / sqrt M1

Molecular Mass for Neon  is 20.18

so we have:

38 / 77.5  =  sqrt 20.18 / sqrt x    where x is the unkown gas.

sqrt x = 9.162

x = 83.94.

This gas is Krypton.

A sample of neon effuses from a container in 38 s. The same amount of an unknown noble gas requires 77.5 s. The unknown gas is krypton.

The noble gases are a group of chemical elements that share several characteristics. They are all monatomic, odorless, and colorless gases with relatively little chemical reactivity under normal conditions. Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radioactive radon are the six types of noble gases that are found in nature.

Due to their filled valence shells (octets), which render them incredibly nonreactive, the noble gases (Group 18), which are found in the far right of the periodic table, were formerly known as the "inert gases."

Due to their fully filled outer electron shells and lack of propensity to react with other elements, noble gases which are most frequently found as monatomic gases rarely form compounds with other elements.

By Graham's Law ;

Rate 1 ÷ Rate 2 = sqrt M2 ÷ sqrt M1

The Molecular Mass for Neon  is 20.18

Then,

38 ÷ 77.5  =  sqrt 20.18 / sqrt x    

where x is the unknown gas.

sqrt x = 9.162

x = 83.94.

This is Krypton gas.

Thus, The unknown gas is krypton which is noble gas.

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Answer:

rain

Explanation:

rain drops are water and water us a liquid

The best clue to decide if the object is a living thing is to check if it exhibits any characteristics of life, such as metabolism, growth, response to stimuli, reproduction, and adaptation. If the object has these characteristics, then it is considered a living thing.

However, based solely on the description provided of the crusty gray-green object, it is difficult to determine if it is a living or non-living thing. Further investigation or observation may be necessary to determine if it exhibits any characteristics of life.

One of the key characteristics of living organisms is the ability to carry out biological processes such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Living things also exhibit response to stimuli and the ability to adapt to changes in the environment. In contrast, non-living things lack these characteristics and are typically composed of inorganic materials such as rocks or minerals. Therefore, to determine if the crusty gray-green object is living or nonliving, we should look for signs of biological processes such as growth or reproduction, or response to stimuli such as movement or changes in the environment. If the object is not exhibiting any of these signs, it is more likely to be non-living.

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Answer:

806 grams MgSO4 (epsom salt)

Explanation:

Determine the chemical composition of epsom salt.  It is magnesium sulfate:  MgSO4.  Determine the molar mass of epsom salt by adding the individual atomic masses of each element in the salt:

1 Mg = 24.3 AMU

1 S =    32 AMU

4 O = 64 AMU

Total = 120.36 AMU

This is also the number for molar mass, just expressed as grams/mole instead of AMU.   The molar mass of MgSO4 is 120.36 grams/mole.

If we want 6.70 moles, we can multiply the molar mass by 6.70 moles:

 (6.70 moles)*(120.4 grams/mole) = 806 grams MgSO4 (epsom salt)

The half-reaction for the oxidation that occurs in the lead-acid battery can be represented by the following electronic equation: \(Pb(s) + SO4^2{(aq)} - > PbSO_{4} (s) + 2^{e-}\).

In the lead-acid battery, the oxidation half-reaction takes place at the anode, where the negative terminal is connected. During this process, the lead electrode (Pb) undergoes oxidation, losing electrons to form lead ions. In the presence of sulfuric acid (\(H_{2}SO_4\)), sulfate ions (\(SO4^2^{-}\)) are available. The sulfate ions combine with the lead ions to form solid lead sulfate (\(PbSO_{4}\)). Simultaneously, two electrons (\(2e^-\)) are released from the anode.

The electronic equation representing this oxidation half-reaction is: \(Pb(s) + SO4^2_{(aq)} - > PbSO_4(s) + 2e^-.\) Here, Pb(s) represents solid lead, \(SO4^2^{-}\) (aq) represents sulfate ions in the aqueous state, \(PbSO_{4}\) represents solid lead sulfate, and \(2e^-\) represents the release of two electrons. This equation accurately represents the oxidation process occurring at the anode in a lead-acid battery, where the lead electrode transforms into lead sulfate, releasing electrons that travel through the external circuit to the cathode, where reduction takes place.

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Answer: Both are only physical changes.

Explanation:

Both are only physical changes.  

• The material, which takes part in the change is structurally similar after and before the change is known as the physical change.  

• The cloud formation is a physical change as when evaporation of water takes place  it goes into the air and produces cloud by the process of condensation. The same water goes back to earth by the process of precipitation and this get repeated again and again.  

• A chemical change takes place when formation of new substance takes place by combining two substances. In the case, when a magnet picks up iron in a junkyard, one is still having an iron and a magnet, no formation of substance is taking place. So it is a physical change.  

Thus, both the given processes are examples of only physical changes.

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On a gas chromatogram, the time from sample injection to the time of maximum peak intensity is referred to as the "retention time" for that peak.

Gas chromatography is used to separate compounds of a mixture by injecting a gaseous/liquid sample into a mobile phase known as the carrier gas, which is usually and inert or unreactive gas and passing the gas through a stationary phase.

If we have a sample with many compounds, each compound in the sample will spend different time on the column based on its chemical composition which means that, each will have a different retention time.

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Answer:

HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 ====> H2O + Ca(NO3)2

it gives water and Calcium nitrate

Hope to helpfull.

Answer:

HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 ====> H2O + Ca(NO3)2

Polypeptides : Peptides are tiny chains of amino acids connected by the peptide bonds.

Function of polypeptides : Polypeptides aid make up proteins by bonding many amino acids conjointly.

Amino acids are organic components that comprises both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.

Sequence of amino acids are known as polypeptides. The covalent bonds that hold on to amino acids conjointly are known as peptide bonds.

Types of amino acids : nonpolar, polar, negatively charged, and positively charged.

According to question

Linking amino acid monomers together to form a polymer requires the formation of peptide bonds.

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Answer: Chemistry will help us solve many future problems, including sustainable energy and food production, managing our environment, providing safe drinking water and promoting human and environmental health.

Explanation: I Know... hope this helps

Answer:

Chemistry will help us to solve many future problems ,including managing our environment and promoting human.

The long wire carries a current 30.0A,

(a) The total magnetic field is zero at the midpoint between the two wires in the plane perpendicular to the wires.

(b) The magnitude of the magnetic force on the particle is 1.52 × \(10^{-9}\) N and the direction is perpendicular to both the velocity vector and the magnetic field vector, as determined by the right-hand rule.

(a) To find the point, we can use the Biot-Savart law and set the magnetic field produced by the first wire equal in magnitude to the magnetic field produced by the second wire:

μ0I1/2πr = μ0I2/2π(r - d)

where μ0 is the magnetic constant, I1 and I2 are the currents in the wires, r is the distance from the first wire to the point of interest, and d is the distance between the wires. Solving for r, we get:

r = dI2/(I1 + I2) = 0.140 m

So the point where the total magnetic field due to the two wires is zero is located at (x, y) = (0.140 m, 0).

(b) To find the magnetic force on the particle, we need to first find the magnetic field at its position due to the two wires.

Let's first find the magnetic field due to the wire carrying current 30 A. We can use the formula for the magnetic field of a long straight wire:

B1 = μ0 × I1/(2πr)

where μ0 is the permeability of free space, I1 is the current in the wire, and r is the distance from the wire. Since the wire is along the x-axis, the distance from the wire to the particle is:

r1 = sqrt((y-0)² + (z-0)²)

Substituting the given values, we get:

r1 = sqrt((0.2)² + (0.15)²) = 0.25 m

Using μ0 = 4π × \(10^{-7}\) T·m/A, we get:

B1 = (4π × \(10^{-7}\)) × 30 / (2π × 0.25) = 0.015 T

Now let's find the magnetic field due to the wire carrying current 50 A. Using the same formula as before, we get:

B2 = μ0×I2/(2πr)

where I2 = 50 A and r is the distance from the wire to the particle. Since the wire is at y = 0.28 m and z = 0, the distance from the wire to the particle is:

r2 = sqrt((x-0)² + (y-0.28)² + (z-0)²)

Substituting the given values, we get:

r2 = sqrt((0.15)² + (0.07)² + (0.15)²) = 0.23 m

Using μ0 = 4π × \(10^{-7}\) T·m/A, we get:

B2 = (4π × \(10^{-7}\)) × 50 / (2π × 0.23) = 0.034 T

The direction of the magnetic field can be found using the inverse tangent function:

θ = atan(By/Bx) = atan(-0.015/0.034) = -0.418 rad.

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The question is -

One very long wire carries a current 30.0A to the left along the x-axis. A second very long wire carries current 50.0 A to the right along the line(y = 0.280m, z = 0).

(a) Where in the plane of the two wires is the total magnetic field equal to zero?

(b) A particle with a charge of 4.80 µC moves through the point (x, y, z) = (15.0 cm, 20.0 cm, 15.0 cm) with a velocity of 2.00 × 10^6 m/s in a direction that makes an angle of 30.0° with the x-axis. What are the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force on the particle due to the two wires?

54g of sulfur and 100 g of oxygen are placed into a sealed container and allowed to react, then 80 g of sulfur dioxide will be produced.

The given reaction is: 2S + 3O2 → 2SO3
We are given the ratio of sulfur and oxygen required for the reaction to occur and the amount of product formed. Using this information, we can calculate the amount of sulfur dioxide formed as follows:

First, we need to determine the limiting reactant, i.e., the reactant that is completely consumed in the reaction. This can be done by comparing the amount of each reactant with the amount required for the reaction:

For sulfur: 54 g / 2 g = 27 (theoretical number of moles)
For oxygen: 100 g / 3 g = 33.33 (theoretical number of moles)

Since sulfur has the smaller theoretical number of moles, it is the limiting reactant.

Using the ratio of reactants and the amount of sulfur present, we can calculate the amount of oxygen required for complete reaction:

3O2 / 2S = x / 54 g
x = 81 g of oxygen

Since only 100 g of oxygen is available, there will be excess oxygen present after the reaction is complete. The amount of excess oxygen can be calculated as follows:

Excess oxygen = 100 g - 81 g = 19 g

Now, we can use the amount of sulfur trioxide formed in the given reaction to calculate the amount of sulfur dioxide formed:

2SO3 → 2SO2 + O2

From the balanced equation, we see that 2 moles of SO3 produce 2 moles of SO2. Therefore, the ratio of SO2 to SO3 is 1:1.

The amount of SO3 formed in the reaction is:

2S / 2 x 80 g/mol = 80 g

Therefore, the amount of SO2 formed will also be 80 g.

Therefore, 80 g of sulfur dioxide will be produced.

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Answer:

Light and Sound can be considered as non-matter.

Explanation:

Various forms of Energy like Heat, Sound, Light can be considered as non-matter