When the number of ________ on target tissue cells decreases, it may become desensitized. This is an example of ________
Answers
When the number of receptors on target tissue cells decreases, it may become desensitized. This is an example of downregulation.During desensitization, the receptors on the cell surface are reduced in number. This decrease in the number of receptors is accomplished by two mechanisms: internalization and downregulation.
Endocytosis, which involves the receptor's removal from the cell surface to the interior, is known as internalization. Endocytosis occurs when an extracellular ligand binds to a receptor, resulting in the internalization of both the receptor and the ligand through the formation of a clathrin-coated pit.
After internalization, the receptor may be recycled back to the surface of the cell or delivered to the lysosome for degradation. After a receptor has been subjected to repeated cycles of ligand binding and internalization, the cell may downregulate its production of the receptor to decrease the total number of receptors on the surface.
Downregulation occurs when the rate of receptor removal exceeds the rate of receptor production, resulting in a reduction in the total number of receptors on the cell surface. The cell will usually lower the rate of receptor synthesis in response to long-term exposure to a high concentration of ligand.
In conclusion, the decrease in the number of receptors on target tissue cells, also known as downregulation, may cause the tissue to become desensitized.
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Related Questions
Which is not a carbon-based molecule that gets broken down for chemical energy?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Sodium
C. Liquids/fats
D.Protiens
Answers
Answer:
I think the answer is either B, sodium or C, Liquids/Fats, i'm leaning towards B tho.
if a woman who is a carrier for red-green color blindness and a normal man have children, what percentage of their sons would be expected to be color blind? what percentage of their daughters would be expected to be color blind?
Answers
Color blindness is a sex-linked trait that is passed down from the mother. If a woman is a carrier for red-green color blindness and a normal man have children, there is a 50% chance that their sons will inherit the color blindness gene and be color blind.
However, their daughters will inherit one normal and one color blindness gene, making them carriers like their mother. So, there is a 50% chance that their daughters will be carriers of the color blindness gene but not color blind themselves. The chances of their daughters being color blind are very low, only if the father also has a color blindness gene. This inheritance pattern follows the laws of Mendelian genetics. In this scenario, the woman is a carrier for red-green color blindness (XcX) and the man has normal vision (XY). When they have children, there are four possible combinations of genes: XcX, XcY, XX, and XY. Sons inherit the X chromosome from their mother and the Y chromosome from their father. In this case, 50% of the sons would receive the XcY genotype, making them color blind. Daughters inherit one X chromosome from each parent; thus, 50% would have the XcX genotype, making them carriers but not color blind. The remaining 50% would have normal vision (XX).
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When changing the light colour, how should the student get an accurate measurement of the rate of photosynthesis of the pondweed? Do not reference light intensity.
Answers
These guidelines, the student can obtain accurate measurements of the rate of photosynthesis in pondweed while changing the light color this experimentation will provide insights into how different wavelengths of light affect photosynthetic activity and contribute to our understanding of plant biology.
To obtain an accurate measurement of the rate of photosynthesis in pondweed while changing the light color, there are several key considerations for the student:
Light Source: Ensure a consistent and controllable light source. This can be achieved using a standardized light fixture or lamp with a known light spectrum.
It is important to use a light source that emits a range of wavelengths, as different colors of light affect photosynthesis differently
Wavelength Selection: Select specific wavelengths of light to investigate. This can be achieved by using color filters or LED lights with different colors.
The student should choose a range of colors spanning the visible spectrum, including red, green, and blue light, as they have varying effects on photosynthesis.
Experimental Setup: Set up a controlled environment for the pondweed. Place the pondweed in a clear container filled with water and ensure the plant is healthy and acclimated to the environment.
Use a suitable apparatus to measure the oxygen produced during photosynthesis, such as a floating leaf disk or a dissolved oxygen sensor.
Experimental Procedure: Expose the pondweed to one color of light at a time. Start with a control group under white light, representing natural sunlight.
Measure the rate of photosynthesis by recording the time it takes for the oxygen bubbles to rise or the change in dissolved oxygen levels.
Replicates and Data Analysis: Repeat the experiment for each color of light multiple times to obtain reliable results.
Calculate the average rate of photosynthesis for each color. Analyze the data to identify any patterns or trends in the rates of photosynthesis under different light colors
Control Variables: Keep other factors constant throughout the experiment, such as temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and the distance between the light source and the pondweed.
These variables can influence photosynthesis and should be monitored and controlled carefully
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CER "Are viruses living or non-living." Please!! I need this done today. If you can, List two places you got this information.
Answers
Answer:
Viruses cannot replicate on their own. They need living cells to replicate and they can effect the behavior of their hosts. So it depends on your view of the term "alive".
Explanation:
Most phenotypic traits—features of the organism that we can observe—are not easy to put into a Punnet Square. Give at least two reasons, or factors, that make most phenotypic traits complicated. How, then, can we measure these traits?
Answers
Most phenotypic traits are complex due to polygenic inheritance and environmental influences.
Phenotypic traits often result from the combined effects of multiple genes (polygenic inheritance) and can be influenced by environmental factors. Punnett Squares, which illustrate single gene pair inheritance, are not suitable for capturing the complexity of such traits. Additionally, environmental factors can interact with genetic factors, leading to variations in trait expression.
To measure complex phenotypic traits, alternative approaches are used. Quantitative measurements, such as height or weight, provide precise numerical values. Statistical analysis helps identify patterns, correlations, and heritability estimates in populations. It involves studying large sample sizes and employing statistical models to understand the contributions of genetic and environmental factors. Molecular genetics advancements have further enhanced our ability to study complex traits at the genetic level.
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which of the following is the part of rreplication fork where syntesis is discontinous?
a. lagging strand b. origin of replication c. leading strand d. template strand
Answers
During DNA replication, the lagging strand is the part of the replication fork where synthesis is discontinuous. The correct answer is: a. Lagging strand
The lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments called Okazaki fragments. This occurs because DNA replication proceeds in a 5' to 3' direction, but the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions (one is the leading strand, and the other is the lagging strand).
On the leading strand, synthesis can occur continuously in the same direction as the replication fork. However, on the lagging strand, since it runs in the opposite direction, DNA polymerase synthesizes short Okazaki fragments that are later joined together by DNA ligase to form a continuous strand.
This process of discontinuous synthesis on the lagging strand allows both strands of DNA to be replicated effectively and accurately during DNA replication. The correct answer is: a. Lagging strand
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Can someone help me with this question please
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Yes, Pedigree could be used to support multiple forms of inheritance. it is also possible for pedigrees to appear similar for different modes of inheritance.
How you differentiate pedigree that may appear to be similar but have different modes of inheritance?There are distinctive patterns that can help differentiate traits. some clues that can help narrow down the type of inheritance are
The presence or absence of the trait in every generation which is something common for an autosomal dominant pedigree.Whether the trait appears to be passed from father to son. This should tell you whether or not it is X-linked inheritance. For dominant and reccessive x-linked heritance, it is the mothers and females that are carriers of it and would pass it on. Not the father.The gender of affected individuals. For example, males are more often affected in X-linked recessive inheritanceFind more exercises on characteristic heritance;
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mention 10 forest trees and their botanical names with their uses
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
California Box Elder- Acer negundo californicum
Japanese Maple- Acer palmatum
Silk Tree- Albizia julibrissin
Strawberry tree- Arbutus unedo
Bird of paradise shrub- Caesalpinia gilliesii
Harlequin Glorybower- Clerodendrum trichotomum
Cypress- Cupressus spec.
Oregon Ash- Fraxinus latifolia
Sweet Bay- Laurus nobilis 'Saratoga'
Explanation:
I hope its help you Thank you
Some seeds are endosed in a sweet, fleshy fruit. How would damage to the vascular tissue (Xylem and pholem, affect the developing fruit? A.Damaged vascular tissue would cause the developing fruit to accel in growth.
B . It would not affect the developing frut but it would affect the flower.
C. Damaged vascular tissue could cause the fruit to not completely develop or even develop at all.
D.The xylem and pholem are not parts of a plant and therefore would not affect anything.
Answers
Answer:
C. Damaged vascular tissue could cause the fruit to not completely develop or even develop at all.
Explanation:
If the vascular tissues such as xylem and phloem are damaged, the fruit does not completely develop because the food that is produced in the leaves does not reach to the seed. The xylem helps in the transportation of water from the soil that is necessary for making of food during the process of photosynthesis so damaged xylem will not produced food and no food will be transported from leaves to seeds and if some food is produced by the leaves the phloem does not transport it to the seeds.
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between an enzyme and its function? adenylyl cyclase conversion of CAMP to AMP GTPase hydrolysis of GTP phosphodiesterase removal of phosphate groups kinase addition of a tyrosine
Answers
The statement that best describes the relationship between an enzyme and its function is kinase addition of a tyrosine (Option C).
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze specific chemical reactions in the body. The function of an enzyme is determined by its structure and the specific chemical reaction it is able to catalyze. For example, adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP), while phosphodiesterase catalyzes the removal of phosphate groups from cAMP. Kinase enzymes add phosphate groups to specific amino acids, such as tyrosine, while GTPase enzymes hydrolyze GTP to GDP. Therefore, the relationship between an enzyme and its function is directly related to the specific chemical reaction it is able to catalyze.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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Please answer this question this homework is for today
Answers
Answer:
?????????????
Explanation:
itś all in the link.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The answer is C!
Hope it helps
After finishing your PhD studies you begin working at a pharmaceutical company in the cancer cell signaling division. Your task is to tell the synthetic chemistry division which protein they should target to develop a drug to reduce the rate of tumor growth in people with lung cancer.
From your training, you know that most aggressive lung cancers are associated with abnormal signaling within an epidermal growth factor (EGF) signal transduction pathway (EGF binds to a receptor tyrosine kinase with intrinsic kinase activity), and that the cancer cells usually have a missense mutation of Ras that prevents it from hydrolyzing GTP.
Which of the following strategies would be the best choice?
A. Develop a monoclonal antibody to directly inhibit the EGF receptor
B. Develop a drug that can stimulate GRB2 activity
C. Develop a drug that can inhibit GRB2 activity
D. Develop a drug that can inhibit MAPK activity
E. Develop a drug that can increase expression of Ras GAPs
Answers
The best choice of the following strategies to develop a drug to reduce the rate of tumor growth in people with lung cancer is to develop a drug that can inhibit MAPK activity.
What is the Epidermal growth factor?
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a protein that binds to a receptor protein on the cell surface, which leads to cell proliferation. The EGF receptor is activated by binding to the protein molecule. A downstream signal transduction pathway is activated by the activated receptor. Cell growth and division are initiated by the signal pathway. Mutations in the EGF receptor can lead to the overactivation of this pathway, causing the rapid proliferation of cancer cells.
What is Missense mutation?
A missense mutation is a genetic change in which one nucleotide base pair is substituted for another in a protein-coding sequence of DNA. Because it causes the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein encoded by the gene, this can result in a non-synonymous substitution.
The best choice for developing a drug to reduce the rate of tumor growth in people with lung cancer is to develop a drug that can inhibit MAPK activity. This is because MAPK is a downstream protein in the EGF pathway that controls cell division and proliferation. Therefore, inhibiting the activity of MAPK can help prevent the spread of cancer.
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Blood type is a type of gene where both alleles can be expressed. Which statement best explains a person with AB blood type.
Answers
Answer:There is a codominant relationship between alleles
Explanation:
Geologist want to take core samples from the Pacific Ocean and New Jersey. If they dig deep enough, will geologist eventually find hard, solid rock?
Answers
Answer:
C. under 1 and 2. because Earth's entire outer layer is made of hard, solid rock
Explanation:
El aparato respiratorio presenta unas células productoras de ... Que atrapan los gérmenes y el polvo. En su superficie tienen una gran cantidad de unas estructuras celulares llamadas ... Cuya función es extender el mucus y dirigirlo hacia el exterior. En el estómago, las glándulas digestivas producen el ... El cual, por su extremada ... Ataca y destruye a los ... Que se introducen con la comida y la bebida.
Answers
Answer:
The respiratory system has cells that produce MOCO OR MUCUS, which trap germs and dust. On their surface they have a large number of cellular structures called CILIAS, whose function is to spread mucus and direct it outwards. In the stomach, the digestive glands produce the STOMACH ACID, which, due to its extreme ACIDITY, attacks and destroys the PATHOGEN MICROORGANISMS that are introduced with food and drink.
Explanation:
In the respiratory and digestive apparatus there are two types of super specialized mucous upholstery, where the cellular world is challenged.
In the respiratory mucosa the production of mucus and the mobilization of the cilia are part of the innate response of the organism as well as the acidity that is generated in the upholstery and in the gastric tract.
How the
immune system works, explain why injecting an
antigen from a pathogen would help our immune
system create "memory" of the infection but not
cause the disease.
Answers
Answer:
Our immune system produces antibodies against that antigen of pathogen.
Explanation:
Injecting an antigen from a pathogen would help our immune system memorize the infection and protect our body from causing of the disease because our immune system produces antibodies against that antigen so when the pathogen enters our body these antibodies attack on that and prevent them of causing infection in the body so that's why injecting an antigen has to be done from the childhood to prevent diseases.
Which statement best describes codominance and incomplete dominance?
Answers
Answer:
This question lacks options, the options are;
A) In codominance and incomplete dominance, both of the alleles are dominant.
B) In codominance and incomplete dominance, neither of the alleles are dominant.
C) In codominance, both of the alleles are dominant; in incomplete dominance, neither of the alleles is dominant.
D) In codominance, neither of the alleles is dominant; in incomplete dominance, both of the alleles are dominant.
The answer is C
Explanation:
Codominance and incomplete dominance are both a type of non-mendelian inheritance pattern i.e. patterns of inheritance that do not follow mendelian principles.
- In codominance, the alleles of a gene are both dominant and hence, both express themselves simultaneously for that trait. An example is the alleles A and B of the blood group in humans where both A and B are dominant in the gene.
- In incomplete dominance, neither of the two alleles of gene is dominant and none is recessive either. This means that the two alleles blend together to form an intermediate phenotype in a heterozygous offspring. An example is the pink flower in four o'clock plants resulting from the blending of red and white alleles.
Answer:
The correct answer is b
what are the advantages and disadvantages of using models to understand human impacts on earth's systems and the carbon cycle?
Answers
Answer:
Models are used for understanding a process or phenomenon.
Explanation:
Advantages of using models:
1) It gives some information about the human impacts on earth's systems and carbon cycle.
2) It also helps in discovering the defects and errors.
Disadvantages of using models:
1) It did not fully explain the human impact on both earth and carbon cycle.
2) It is the simplified version not an actual version of the real situation of carbon cycle.
The advantages and disadvantages for using the models should be explained below.
Advantages & disadvantage for models that effect the earth system and the carbon cycle:Advantages of using models:
1) It provides some kind of information related to the human impacts on the earth's systems and the carbon cycle.
2) It helps in finding out the defects and errors.
Disadvantages of using models:
1) It did not describe fully related to the human impact on both earth and carbon cycle.
2) It should be the simplified version but not an actual version of the real situation of the carbon cycle.
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Why do we need brazillion rainforeset pleease help
Answers
Answer:
The Amazon rainforest plays an important part in regulating the world's oxygen and carbon cycles. It produces roughly six percent of the world's oxygen and has long been thought to act as a carbon sink, meaning it readily absorbs large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Answer:
Found this on google, "The Amazon rainforest plays an important part in regulating the world's oxygen and carbon cycles. It produces roughly six percent of the world's oxygen and has long been thought to act as a carbon sink, meaning it readily absorbs large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere."
Hope this helps, have a great day/night, and stay safe!
Using the above graph, explain why and how the carrying capacity of the deer population was reduced. Use details about what you know about the deer’s habitat to support your answer.
Answers
A deer population that is growing, or is maintained at carrying capacity, can actually exceed carrying capacity the following year because carrying capacity was lowered by changes in the environment.
How does carrying capacity affect deer population?As animal density increases, or habitat quality or quantity decreases, deer productivity and survival decline. The number of deer the land can sustain over the long term ultimately is determined by the available habitat – food, water, and space.
If a population exceeds carrying capacity, the ecosystem may become unsuitable for the species to survive. If the population exceeds the carrying capacity for a long period of time, resources may be completely depleted.
For populations which grow exponentially, growth starts out slowly, enters a rapid growth phase and then levels off when the carrying capacity for that species has been reached.
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In diffusion, when the concetration of molecules is equal or even, this is called what? equality equilibrium unequality paralibrium
Answers
Answer: paralibrium
Explanation:
If the tangent of an angle of a right angled triangle is 0.8 , then it's longest side is
Answers
The longest side of the right-angled triangle is 4.8 units.
What is the length of the longest side of the right-angled triangle?In a right-angled triangle, the tangent of an angle is defined as the ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle to the length of the side adjacent to the angle.
Let's assume the angle in question is one of the acute angles of the triangle.
To find the length of the longest side, which is the hypotenuse, we can use the trigonometric relationship in a right-angled triangle: tangent(angle) = opposite/adjacent.
Given that the tangent of the angle is 0.8, we can set up the following equation: 0.8 = opposite/adjacent.
Since the opposite side is usually referred to as the height and the adjacent side as the base, we can rewrite the equation as follows: 0.8 = height/base.
To isolate the height, we can rearrange the equation as: height = 0.8 * base.
However, since the longest side is the hypotenuse, the base will represent the adjacent side, and the height will represent the opposite side. Therefore, we have: hypotenuse = 0.8 * adjacent side.
Assuming the adjacent side has a length of 6 units, we can calculate the hypotenuse as follows: hypotenuse = 0.8 * 6 = 4.8 units.
Therefore, if the tangent of an angle in a right-angled triangle is 0.8, the length of the longest side (hypotenuse) is approximately 4.8 units.
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What can happen if a population of organisms disappears from the food chain in an ecosystem with low biodiversities, such as the tundra?
Answers
Answer: If the population of an organism dies out, then the animals on top of it on the food chain are going to die, since they will have no other food to rely on. Or, they will have to find a new source of energy if they do not.
This is why we should not try to kill any animals, even too much fishing can cause the same problem.
Hope this helps you!
NASA just crashed a spacecraft into an asteroid to see what would happen. How do you feel about this headline? Are you hopeful? Do you think its a waste of time?
Answers
Which of the following represents biodiversity of species at a given scale?
1. All of these.
2. 5 foot strip of ground
3. Within 5 miles
4. Within 5 minutes
Answers
The correct answer from above which biodiversity of species at a given scale is:
All of these.
The correct answer choice is 1.
What is meant by biodiversity of species at a given scale?Biodiversity can simply be defined as different forms of species of living organisms.
From the task given above, 5 foot strips of ground, within 5 miles and within 5 minutes all represent biodiversity of species at a given scale.
Biodiversity is not only limited to species but cut across aspects of genetics and ecosystems.
In conclusion, we now know that 5 foot strip of ground is one of the major scale of biodiversity.
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why is cell called the fundamental unit of life
Answers
Answer:
Cell is called the Fundamental Unit of Life Because all basic metabolism activity starts from the cell. Inside the cell, energy is produced , food is stored and many more activities take place
it is structural and functional unit of living beings
it includes all the activities of cells
it is there in each and every life process
Middle east respiratory syndrome is a viral disease that causes fever cough and shortness of breath the first case was reported in june 2012 approximately 2000 cases were documented from 2012 through 2017 the disease had a 36% fatality rate of the reported cases in those five years how many infected persons survived
Answers
64% of the infected person have survived after being infected by the middle east respiratory syndrome.
How middle east respiratory syndrome is caused?Middle east respiratory syndrome is a viral respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
The fatality rate of this severe disease is 36%, which means this many of patients died due to the infection caused by a novel coronavirus. It was the time of 2012 to 2017. It was first found in Saudi Arabia in 2012.
Therefore, 64% of the infected person have survived after being infected by the middle east respiratory syndrome.
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true or false? a codon is a group of three bases that can specify more than one amino acid.view available hint(s)for part atrue or false? a codon is a group of three bases that can specify more than one amino acid.truefalse
Answers
It is true that a Codon is a trio of nucleotides that can designate many amino acids. Four nucleotides make up the language of DNA and RNA molecules, while 20 amino acids make up the language of protein molecules.
Do three codons equal one amino acid?This proved that the coding unit is made up of three nucleotides. A codon is a triplet of nucleotides that codes for an amino acid. One amino acid is encoded by each set of three nucleotides.
A codon may specify multiple amino acids.Even within a single gene, a codon can spontaneously evolve to code for two different amino acids, with the choice of the inserted amino acid being determined by an RNA structure in the 3′-untranslated region.
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What are Florida's two resident game birds?
Answers
Answer:
Florida's two resident game birds is quail and wild turkeys.
Explanation:
Answer:
Quail & Wild Turkey
Explanation: