When writing for social studies courses Whitehall style is Richard for formatting papers and citing sources

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. The Supreme Court declared unanimously that the Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment was broken by racial segregation in public schools. Separate educational facilities for white and African American pupils were deemed to be fundamentally unequal in a 1954 ruling.

What effect did the case of Brown v. Board of Education have?

There is still considerable work to be done, and the Brown ruling did not instantly change the nation. However, eliminating segregation in the country's public schools served as a significant stimulus for the civil rights movement and made advancements in the desegregation of housing, public places, and institutions of higher learning possible.

What was the impact of Brown v. Board of Education on the economy?

The findings imply that black men from southern birth cohorts born in the 1920s would have made 6 to 9 percent more in 1970 if they had attended "equal" institutions of higher learning. Income would have been 2 to 5 percent greater for black men born in the South in the birth cohorts of the 1930s.

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Answer:

C. The right to free speech.

Explanation:

In the Schenck v. United States case, the Supreme Court limited the right to free speech by establishing the "clear and present danger" test. The court held that speech that presents a clear and present danger to the public or incites unlawful action is not protected under the First Amendment. This case involved Charles Schenck, who was charged with violating the Espionage Act of 1917 for distributing anti-draft leaflets during World War I. The court ruled that his speech posed a clear and present danger to the country's war effort and upheld his conviction, establishing a precedent for limiting free speech rights in certain circumstances.

Answer:

Explanation: some for them are

Constitution of the United States

Constitution of Japan

Constitution of Vermont (1777)

1844 New Jersey Constitution

and more

The political trajectory of West African independent countries can be characterized by a range of experiences, challenges, and achievements. After gaining independence from colonial rule, these countries embarked on nation-building efforts, shaping their political systems, and defining their paths towards development and governance. Here are some key aspects of their political trajectory:

1. Decolonization and Independence: West African countries began to gain independence from colonial powers starting in the late 1950s and continuing into the 1960s. This period marked a shift from colonial rule to self-governance and the establishment of independent nations.

2. Nation-Building and State Formation: Newly independent countries faced the task of building viable and functional nation-states. This involved developing governance structures, formulating constitutions, establishing political institutions, and defining national identities. Some countries faced challenges in integrating diverse ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups into a unified national identity.

3. Political Ideologies and Systems: Various political ideologies emerged in West Africa during this period, ranging from democratic systems to socialist and Marxist ideologies. Some countries adopted parliamentary systems, while others embraced one-party rule or military regimes. Political parties played a crucial role in shaping the political landscape and competing for power.

4. Challenges of Governance: Many West African countries faced significant challenges in governance, including issues of corruption, political instability, weak institutions, and lack of effective leadership. These challenges often hampered economic development and social progress, leading to public discontent and political unrest.

5. Democratization and Transition: In the late 1980s and 1990s, several West African countries began transitioning from authoritarian rule to multi-party democracy. This period witnessed a wave of democratization and political reforms, including the adoption of new constitutions, electoral reforms, and increased civil liberties.

6. Regional Integration and Cooperation: West African countries have also engaged in regional integration efforts to promote economic cooperation, political stability, and collective security. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has played a significant role in fostering regional integration and resolving conflicts.

7. Challenges and Opportunities: West African countries continue to face challenges such as poverty, inequality, ethnic tensions, terrorism, and governance issues. However, there are also opportunities for economic growth, human development, and regional cooperation. Efforts to strengthen democratic institutions, improve governance, and promote sustainable development are ongoing.

It's important to note that the political trajectory of each West African country is unique, shaped by its specific historical, cultural, and socio-economic contexts. This overview provides a general understanding of the political dynamics in the region but does not cover the intricacies and complexities of each country's individual experiences.

Answer: your answer would be by birth

Early History of Computers

Since the evolution of humans, devices have been used for calculations for thousands of years. One of the earliest and most well-known devices was the abacus. Then in 1822, the father of computers, Charles Babbage began developing what would be the first mechanical computer. And then in 1833 he designed an Analytical Engine which was a general-purpose computer. It contained an ALU, some basic flow chart principles, and the concept of integrated memory.

Then more than a century later in the history of computers, we got our first electronic computer for general purposes. It was the ENIAC, which stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. The inventors of this computer were John W. Mauchly and J.Presper Eckert.

And with time, technology developed and the computers got smaller and the processing got faster. We got our first laptop in 1981 and it was introduced by Adam Osborne and EPSON.

Generations of Computers

1st Generation: This was from the period of 1940 to 1955. This was when machine language was developed for the use of computers. They used vacuum tubes for the circuitry. For memory, they used magnetic drums. These machines were complicated, large, and expensive. They were mostly reliant on batch operating systems and punch cards. As output and input devices, magnetic tape and paper tape were implemented. For example, ENIAC, UNIVAC-1, EDVAC, and so on.

2nd Generation: The years 1957-1963 were referred to as the “second generation of computers” at the time. In second-generation computers, COBOL and FORTRAN are employed as assembly languages and programming languages. Here they advanced from vacuum tubes to transistors. This made the computers smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient. And they advanced from binary to assembly languages. For instance, IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, and so forth.

3rd Generation: The hallmark of this period (1964-1971) was the development of the integrated circuit.  A single integrated circuit (IC) is made up of many transistors, which increases the power of a computer while simultaneously lowering its cost. These computers were quicker, smaller, more reliable, and less expensive than their predecessors. High-level programming languages such as FORTRON-II to IV, COBOL, and PASCAL PL/1 were utilized. For example, the IBM-360 series, the Honeywell-6000 series, and the IBM-370/168.

4th Generation: The invention of the microprocessors brought along the fourth generation of computers. The years 1971-1980 were dominated by fourth-generation computers. C, C++, and Java were the programming languages utilized in this generation of computers. For instance, the STAR 1000, PDP 11, CRAY-1, CRAY-X-MP, and Apple II. This was when we started producing computers for home use.

5th Generation: These computers have been utilized since 1980 and continue to be used now. This is the present and the future of the computer world. The defining aspect of this generation is artificial intelligence. The use of parallel processing and superconductors are making this a reality and providing a lot of scope for the future. Fifth-generation computers use ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology. These are the most recent and sophisticated computers. C, C++, Java,.Net, and more programming languages are used. For instance, IBM, Pentium, Desktop, Laptop, Notebook, Ultrabook, and so on.

Answer:

The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) also known as the Medieval Climate Optimum, or Medieval Climatic Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region lasting from c. 950 to c. 1250. It was likely related to warming elsewhere while some other regions were colder, such as ... They also found that the warming during the 10–14th centuries in some ..

Explanation:

Answer:

I don't know for sure, but my guess is either "diversified economies that make many different types of products." or "command economies, in which the central government makes all basic economic decisions."

Explanation:

If I am incorrect, please put a bad rate so that other people don't get it wrong. Thanks! Hope this helps!!!

Answer:

Kolkata

Explanation:

because is nearest to the tropic of cancer

Explanation:

Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave who became a prominent activist, author and public speaker. He became a leader in the abolitionist movement, which sought to end the practice of slavery, before and during the Civil War. ... His work served as an inspiration to the civil rights movement of the 1960s and beyond.

Historical examples that support Douglass in his advocacy for black suffrage is the abolitionist movement.

black suffrage serves as a movement that seek that voting should not be done base on color or race.

Since, Douglass has been part of ending of slavery movement, this catapult his decision to bring an end to descrimination during voting exercise.

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1. Many of these people lived in Texas before it was annexed - Settlers

2. To make territory part of an existing country - Annexation

3. Word that describes the Mexican government during this time - Unstable

4. U.S. president who wanted the credit for annexing Texas - James K. Polk

Down

2. This ugly debate kept Texas from being a state for many years - Slavery

3. Texas used to be part of this country - Mexico

4. Something Texas had a lot of that many Americans didn't want to pay - Debt

5. U.S. president who signed Texas into the United States - John Tyler

Texas is a state located in the southern region of the United States. It is known for its diverse landscapes, including deserts, prairies, and coastal areas.

Texas has a rich history, having been under Spanish and Mexican rule before becoming an independent republic and eventually joining the United States.

It is the second-largest state by both area and population and is recognized for its vibrant culture, economic significance, and contributions to various industries such as oil, agriculture, and technology. The state is also home to major cities like Houston, Dallas, and Austin.

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UNO has a major role in establishing peace in the world. How?

The UN does this by working to prevent conflict helping parties in conflict make peace; peacekeeping; and creating the conditions to allow peace to hold and flourish. The UN Security Council has the primary responsibility for international peace and security.

Answer:

As trade in gold and salt increased, Ghana's rulers gained power. Eventually, they built up armies equipped with iron weapons that were superior to the weapons of nearby people. Over time, Ghana took control of trade from merchants. Merchants from the north and south then met to exchange goods in Ghana.

Answer:

Durian is a native fruit of Asia and many people dislike it due to the smell. But Durian is prominent in countries like Indonesia and Philippines. It may be unusual for us but to them, Durian is like our favorite foods here in the west. To know about unusual things in general gives us a more open idea that the world has more to offer.

Answer:

Jefferson was authorized by Congress to offer up to $10 million for this tract of land. During this time, French Emperor Napoleon offered unexpectedly to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million. ... He therefore acted quickly to have the Congress ratify the treaty regading the purchase

Explanation:

Answer:

The terms of the treaty required that Germany pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all of its overseas colonies.

Explanation:

If this is incorrect I need more of the question

Answer:

I believe A is your answer

Explanation:

Mansa

Answer:

Animism should be the answer

Explanation:

Answer:

Anwar Sadat was assassinated after the Camp David accords

Explanation:

Answer:

The Columbian exchange

Explanation:

The exchanging of goods, plants and animals from New World to Old is called Columbian Exchange.

With the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus in 1492, led the beginning of the Columbian Exchange. The European not only traded goods but brought diseases in the New World. Native Americans were affected the most by the exchange. The spread of diseases surprised because it finished almost all the early civilization in America. The Native American died with chickenpox, smallpox, malaria, cholera, measles, and scarlet fever.

Based on a historical concept, and the available options the common challenges that countries in the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia faced after an end to colonialism is military dictatorships, human rights abuses, and economic instability.

Generally, from observation, sociopolitical experts have observed that regions like the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia are facing many issues ranging from economic hardship to political instability.

Countries like Sudan, Mali, Bangladesh, Haiti, etc have experienced one form of military dictatorship and economic instability since the European colonialists left these countries.

Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is option B. military dictatorships, human rights abuses, and economic instability.

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b Answer:

n b

Explanation:

Answer:

1. Greek architecture was one important influence on the Romans. As you remember, the Greeks built marble temples as homes for their gods. Temples like the Parthenon had stately columns that added to their beauty. The Romans used Greek designs in their own public buildings.

2. A growing share of people around the world see U.S. power and influence as a “major threat” to their country, and these views are linked with attitudes toward President Donald Trump and the United States as a whole, according to Pew Research Center surveys conducted in 22 nations since 2013.

Explanation:

Answer:

Industrialization was the major economic factor that led nations to take over weaker nations. The Industrial Revolution, that started in Great Britain and eventually spread to other parts of the western world, led to the need for additional raw materials, markets and cheap labor.

Explanation:

pls mark brainliest

According to the Constitution, an individual must be a natural-born citizen, be at least 35 years old, and have lived in the country for at least 14 years in order to be eligible to serve as President of the United States.

The qualifications have not altered since the Constitution was enacted in 1788, despite the fact that some people may question the necessity of some conditions, such as the requirement that a person be a natural-born citizen. There have been some suggestions to include more criteria, like having previous military or government experience or having a specific degree of education. But, because enacting a constitutional amendment is a complex and drawn-out procedure, these suggestions have not garnered much traction. The criteria for becoming president of the United States have generally survived the test of time, and any revisions would necessitate thorough analysis and discussion.

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Answer:

Yes, the negative impacts of the sargassum phenomenon could be potentially mitigated through a multi-faceted approach that could involve the following:

1. Sargassum Collection and Disposal: Large-scale efforts to collect and remove sargassum from affected areas would be key. This could involve the use of specially designed equipment or boats. The collected sargassum could then be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner or repurposed.

2. Repurposing Sargassum: As mentioned in the question, sargassum can be utilized as a raw material for various industries. For example, it can be converted into biofuel, used in agriculture as a soil amendment or fertilizer, or in construction as a material for building. Encouraging and supporting industries that use sargassum in this way could help manage the problem while also creating economic opportunities.

3. Research and Monitoring: Increased research into sargassum, its growth patterns, and the factors contributing to its proliferation could lead to better management strategies. Continuous monitoring of sargassum blooms could enable authorities to predict and prepare for influxes.

4. Public Awareness and Education: Raising public awareness about the sargassum issue and educating people on what they can do to help could also be beneficial. This could involve providing information on how to properly dispose of sargassum or how to utilize it in small-scale applications, like home gardening.

5. Policy and Regulation: Governments and international bodies can play a crucial role in managing the sargassum problem. This could involve creating policies and regulations that promote the responsible management of sargassum, provide funding for research and clean-up efforts, and incentivize industries to utilize sargassum as a raw material.

6. International Cooperation: As the sargassum issue affects multiple countries in the Caribbean, international cooperation would be vital. This could involve sharing of research, resources, and best practices, as well as coordinated efforts to manage and mitigate the problem.

While these approaches could help mitigate the negative impacts of the sargassum phenomenon, it's important to note that they would require significant resources, effort, and cooperation to implement effectively. Moreover, they address the symptoms of the problem rather than the root causes, which are likely linked to broader environmental issues such as climate change and nutrient pollution. Therefore, efforts to mitigate the sargassum issue should be part of larger strategies to address these underlying environmental challenges.

Answer:

It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. Over the next several years, consumer spending and investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and employment as failing companies laid off workers.

Explanation: