which of the following is not a mineral resource? group of answer choices oil sand copper coal

The reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction(B).

The spontaneity of a reaction can be determined by considering the sign of the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG). If ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous as written, meaning it will proceed in the forward direction without any external influence.

On the other hand, if ΔG is positive, the reaction is nonspontaneous and will not occur without external energy input. At equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products.

Therefore, the reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction because the reverse reaction is favored and proceeds without external energy input. This indicates that the reactants are more stable than the products under the given conditions.

So B option is correct.

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The 149.2 grams of potassium chloride would be produced if 78 grams of potassium and 71 grams of chlorine completely reacted.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between potassium metal (K) and chlorine gas (Cl₂) to form solid potassium chloride (KCl) is:

2K(s) + Cl₂(g) → 2KCl(s)

This equation indicates that two atoms of potassium react with one molecule of chlorine gas to yield two molecules of potassium chloride.

The type of reaction is a combination reaction, also known as a synthesis reaction. In this type of reaction, two or more substances combine to form a single product.

To determine the mass of potassium chloride produced, we need to calculate the limiting reactant. The molar mass of potassium is approximately 39.1 g/mol, and the molar mass of chlorine is approximately 35.5 g/mol.

First, we convert the given masses of potassium (78 g) and chlorine (71 g) into moles by dividing them by their respective molar masses:

Moles of potassium = 78 g / 39.1 g/mol = 2 mol

Moles of chlorine = 71 g / 35.5 g/mol ≈ 2 mol

Since the reactants have a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, it can be seen that both potassium and chlorine are present in the same amount. Therefore, the limiting reactant is either potassium or chlorine.

Assuming potassium is the limiting reactant, we can calculate the mass of potassium chloride produced. Since 2 moles of potassium react to form 2 moles of potassium chloride, we can use the molar mass of potassium chloride (74.6 g/mol) to calculate the mass:

Mass of potassium chloride = 2 mol × 74.6 g/mol = 149.2 g

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The common symbol for nuclear disarmament is a peace symbol. It represents global peace and nuclear disarmament, and is used worldwide by activists and organizations. The symbol was designed by Gerald Holtom, a British artist and designer, in 1958 for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND).

The CND was formed in the UK in 1957 to promote unilateral disarmament and to stop nuclear weapons testing. The symbol was originally created for the first Aldermaston March, a protest march from Trafalgar Square to Aldermaston Atomic Weapons Research Establishment in Berkshire, England.

The symbol is made up of a circle with three lines branching out from the bottom. The lines are meant to represent the semaphore signals for "N" and "D", which stand for "nuclear disarmament." Over time, the peace symbol has come to represent peace more generally and is used in a wide variety of contexts. The symbol is more than just an emblem for nuclear disarmament; it represents a commitment to nonviolence and peace.

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

The specific heat capacity of the ethanol, given that the ethanol absorbs 43338 joules of heat is 2.44 J/gK

We shall begin our calculation by listing out the given parameters from the question. Details below:

The specific heat capacity of the ethanol can be obtain as follow:

Q = MCΔT

43338 = 545.5 × C × 32.56

43338 = 17761.48 × C

Divide both sides by 17761.48

C = 43338 / 17761.48

C = 2.44 J/gK

Thus, we can conclude that the specific heat capacity of ethanol is 2.44 J/gK

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Answer:

it's a precipitation reaction.

Explanation:

since a solid is produced, one of the elements are insoluble with one another–making a precipitate.

Answer:

This question lacks options. The options are:

A. The two substances underwent a physical change

B. The two substances were melting

C. A new substance was forming

D. A change in the mass of the two substances

The answer is C

Explanation:

Changes in chemistry can either be physical or chemical. A physical change as the name implies does not alter the chemical content of the susbtances involved. However, chemical changes affect the chemical composition of the substances, hence, new substances are produced.

A chemical change is also characterized with a color change, temperature change, gas evolution etc. In this question, Mia mixed two substances in a test tube and noticed that the test tube became warm, gas came out from the test tube. This implies a CHEMICAL CHANGE, LEADING TO THE FORMATION OF NEW SUBSTANCES.

Geometric isomers of 3-Chloropent-2-ene are E and Z-type isomers of the compound. The structures of the compound in E and Z configurations are shown in the figures.

The isomers are of two types in this case that are E- type and Z- type. This system is based on different priorities given to different atoms in the compound.

When the higher priority group of both sides of the double bond are on the same side this is known as a Z-type configuration. And when opposite sides have the highest priority group this type of arrangement is known as an E-type configuration.

Z comes from the German word zusammen which means together while E comes from the German word entgegen meaning opposite

The real advantage of the E-Z system is that it works in every case. In contrast, the cis-trans system is not applicable to each case such as the one given in the question.

Since Cl is higher in priority than C in the ethyl group, the compound having -Cl and \(CH_3\)  on the same side is called Z-type while one having them on different sides is known as E-type.

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Explanation:

A and D. the answer is a and d

In comparison to the greater hydrogen bonding in ethanol, diethyl ether molecules are bound together by weak dispersion forces. As a result, one mole of diethyl ether takes less heat to vapourize than one mole of ethanol.

The vapour pressure of diethyl ether at these temperatures is more than 20 times that of water, indicating its volatility.

Diethyl Ether, CH3CH2OCH2CH3, is a highly flammable organic solvent that was also revealed to be one of the earliest anaesthetics. Because it boils at 34.6°C, just below the typical human body temperature, ether evaporates quickly. Since its vapour is denser than air, ether fumes tend to sink into the atmosphere.

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Answer:

V₂ = 1223.2 mL  

Explanation:

Given data:

Pressure of gas = 820.4 mmHg

Initial volume of gas = 900.0 mL

Initial temperature = 25.0°C (25+273=298K)

Final temperature = 132.0°C (132.0 +273 = 405 K)

Final volume = ?

Solution:

Solution:

The given problem will be solve through the Charles Law.

According to this law, The volume of given amount of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant number of moles and pressure.

Mathematical expression:

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

V₁ = Initial volume

T₁ = Initial temperature

V₂ = Final volume  

T₂ = Final temperature

Now we will put the values in formula.

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

V₂ = V₁T₂/T₁  

V₂ = 900.0 mL × 405 K / 298 k

V₂ = 364500 mL.K / 298 K

V₂ = 1223.2 mL  

The mass of water is 104.9 grams.

To find the mass of water, we will use the formula:

Q_water = Q_ethanol

where Q is the heat gained or lost.

Q = mcΔT, where m is the mass, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the temperature change.

For water, ΔT_water = (47.9°C - 70.0°C)

For ethanol, ΔT_ethanol = (47.9°C - 10.0°C)

Let the mass of water be x.

So, the equation becomes:

x * 4.184 J/g°C * (47.9°C - 70.0°C) = 40.0g * 2.44 J/g°C * (47.9°C - 10.0°C)

Solve for x to find the mass of water:

x = 40.0g * 2.44 J/g°C * (47.9°C - 10.0°C) / (4.184 J/g°C * (47.9°C - 70.0°C))

x ≈ 104.9g

Therefore, the mass of water is approximately 104.9 grams.

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The polyatomic formyl anion is written as CHO⁻.

The simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule is known as Lewis Structure. Lewis structure is used to show how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule.  Bonding electrons are shown as a line and Electrons are shown as "dots" between the two atoms.

Number of valence electrons:

Carbon atom → 4 e⁻

Oxygen atom → 6 e⁻

Hydrogen atom → 1 e⁻

One negative charge → 1 e⁻

Total number of electrons = 12 e⁻

Least electronegative atom (except H) is C. So the Lewis structure with resonance hybrids is shown in the image.

Hence, octet rule for all the atoms are satisfied.

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Answer:

A. 2.74g is the correct answer

Explanation:

\(average \: mass = \frac{(mass \: pre - 1982 \times abundance) + (mass \: post - 1982 \times abundance}{100 } \\ ave = \frac{ (3.1g \times 40.0) + (2.5g \times 60.0)}{100} \\ ave = \frac{124 + 150}{100} \\ ave = \frac{274}{10} = 2.74g\)

where, the sum of abundance always have to be 100%

Thus, 40.0 +60.0= 100.0

Be2+ + S2- -> BeS

Answer:

When a saturated solution of potassium nitrate is cooled down, it becomes less soluble and hence potassium nitrate begins to precipitate out of the solution in the form of crystals1. The solubility of solids in liquids increases with an increase in temperature and thus hot solutions dissolve more salt1.

However, I’m afraid I don’t have enough information to calculate how many grams of solute would precipitate out of solution. Do you have any other information that could help me answer your question?

Explanation:

Upon cooling a saturated solution of potassium nitrate from 50°C to 10°C, some solute will precipitate out. Exact amount can be determined looking at the solubility curve of potassium nitrate.

In a solution, the amount of solute that can be dissolved depends on the temperature. Upon cooling a saturated solution of potassium nitrate from 50°C to 10°C, some of the solute will precipitate out as the solubility decreases. The exact amount would depend on the solubility curve of potassium nitrate. For example, if the solubility at 50°C is 100g/100mL and the solubility at 10°C is 20g/100mL, then for each 100mL of water, 80g of the potassium nitrate would precipitate out when cooled.

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(1a) 3-Chlorophenol is more acidic than cyclopentanol (chlorine atom electron-withdrawal). (1b) Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is more acidic than cyclohexanol (stronger carboxylic acid group).

(2a) Propan-2-ol is more soluble in water than butan-1-ol and pentan-1-ol (hydrogen bonding ability). (2b) Cyclohexanol is more soluble in water than chlorocyclohexane (hydroxyl group enables hydrogen bonding).

Part 1: Comparing Acidic Strength

a) 3-chlorophenol is more acidic than cyclopentanol. This is because the presence of a chlorine atom in 3-chlorophenol can stabilize the negative charge on the phenoxide ion through inductive and resonance effects, making it more stable and easier to form.

b) Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is more acidic than cyclohexanol. The carboxylic acid group (-COOH) is a stronger acid functional group compared to the hydroxyl group (-OH) present in cyclohexanol.

c) 2,2-dichlorobutan-1-ol is more acidic than butan-1-ol. The presence of the electron-withdrawing chlorine atoms in 2,2-dichlorobutan-1-ol enhances the acidity by stabilizing the negative charge on the alkoxide ion formed upon deprotonation.

d) Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is more acidic than cyclohexanol. The carboxylic acid group (-COOH) is a stronger acid functional group compared to the hydroxyl group (-OH) present in cyclohexanol.

Part 2: Comparing Solubility in Water

a) Propan-2-ol is more soluble in water than butan-1-ol and pentan-1-ol. Propan-2-ol has a hydroxyl group (-OH) that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, increasing its solubility.

b) Cyclohexanol is more soluble in water than chlorocyclohexane. The presence of the hydroxyl group in cyclohexanol allows for hydrogen bonding with water molecules, enhancing its solubility. Chlorocyclohexane, on the other hand, is nonpolar and lacks the ability to form significant hydrogen bonds with water.

c) Cyclohexanol is more soluble in water than phenol and 4-methylcyclohexanol. Both cyclohexanol and phenol can form hydrogen bonds with water, but phenol's aromatic ring reduces its solubility. 4-methylcyclohexanol is also less soluble than cyclohexanol due to the steric hindrance from the methyl group, which disrupts hydrogen bonding.

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The calcium ion has 18 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons.
The relationship between the components a and b is Inverse proportion.


The calcium ion (Ca2+) has a 2+ charge, indicating that it has lost 2 electrons from its neutral state. To determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the calcium ion, we need to consider its atomic number and mass.

The atomic number of calcium is 20, which indicates that it has 20 protons. Since the calcium ion has a 2+ charge, it means it has lost 2 electrons. Therefore, the number of electrons in the calcium ion is 20 - 2 = 18.

The mass number of calcium is 40 amu, which represents the total number of protons and neutrons. Since the calcium ion has 20 protons, the number of neutrons can be calculated as 40 - 20 = 20.

So, the correct option is: d. 18 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons

In the expression a∼1/b, the relationship between the components a and b is an inverse proportion. This means that as the value of a increases, the value of b decreases, and vice versa. The symbol ∼ represents the proportional relationship between a and 1/b, indicating that they are inversely related. Therefore, the correct answer is: Inverse proportion

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Answer:

Polyethylene

Explanation:

Polyethylene is made of the ethylene monomer (C2H4). Polyethylene is a linear, manmade, addition homopolymer used in the manufacturing of plastic materials.

Polyethylene is a light weight synthetic polyolefin used for many different purposes. High density and low density polyethylene materials are available and used for different purposes.

The third law of thermodynamics describes the entropy of a: solid.

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a pure crystalline substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius). This law implies that at absolute zero, a perfectly ordered and pure crystalline solid will have zero entropy.

The third law of thermodynamics is not specific to liquids or gases but applies to solids. In a solid, the molecules are highly ordered and have fixed positions in a regular lattice structure. As the temperature decreases towards absolute zero, the thermal motion of the molecules reduces, and the system becomes more ordered, resulting in a decrease in entropy.

In contrast, liquids and gases have higher entropy compared to solids at absolute zero because their molecules have more freedom of movement and are not as tightly arranged. Therefore, the third law of thermodynamics specifically addresses the entropy of solids and does not apply to liquids or gases.

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Answer:

Gold, Silver and Titanium

Explanation:

The most valuable metals in the list are:

Gold:

Its value makes it a good investment option. Gold can be used in many different ways, like in jewelry, electronics, medicine, etc.

Silver:

Similar to the case of gold, besides the common value of silver in jewelry, it can be also used in other ways, because it has a large thermal and electrical conductivity.

Finally, the titanium: It's price is actually close to the copper one, but for the cost of work with titanium (Titanium has a really large melting point, then melting it into ingots needs a lot of energy), the price of titanium is increased.

From the given information, approved eye protection is to be worn for certain experiments. Eye protection is an important safety measure in laboratories and other settings where hazardous materials or equipment are used.

However, it is not necessary to wear eye protection all the time, only when it is necessary to protect the eyes from specific hazards. For example, eye protection may be required when working with chemicals that can splash or when using equipment that can produce flying debris or particles.

It is important to follow the specific safety guidelines and regulations for your particular laboratory or workplace. These guidelines will specify when eye protection is required and what type of eye protection is appropriate for the task at hand. It is always better to err on the side of caution and wear eye protection when in doubt.

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Answer:

Explanation:

\(\frac{7.8}{7.8+134} \times 100 \approx \boxed{5.5\% \text{ (to 2 sf)}}\)

Answer:

The heat and light released by fire comes from the breaking of chemical bonds. ... The mass of each molecule, before burning, exceeds the total mass of its atoms by a tiny amount that is equivalent (through E=mc²) to the total energy of all its atomic bonds.

Explanation:

I hope this helps (:

Answer:

c

Explanation:

The type of ion that is directly required for fusion of a vesicle to the cell membrane, resulting in the release the neurotransmitters into the synapse is Calcium ions (Ca2+).

When a neuron wants to send a message to another neuron or muscle cell, it releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters are packed into tiny structures known as synaptic vesicles that are released when a neuron fires an action potential.

Vesicles that contain neurotransmitters such as dopamine, GABA, glutamate, and acetylcholine are among the most common. The synaptic vesicles bind to the cell membrane and release their neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft during exocytosis, allowing the neurotransmitters to bind to receptors on the receiving neuron.

The vesicle fusion process is a complex process that involves several proteins and molecules, including calcium ions (Ca2+). Calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to proteins known as synaptotagmins, which are located on the surface of synaptic vesicles, in order to initiate the fusion process.

Calcium ions (Ca2+) activate synaptotagmins, which then initiate a chain reaction that culminates in the fusion of the synaptic vesicle membrane and the presynaptic membrane, resulting in the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

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The number of moles of oxygen gas in the container would be 0.12 mol.

The ideal gas equation is written as follows:

PV = nRT

Where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

In this case, we are looking of n, which is the number of moles of the gas.

Making n the subject of the ideal gas equation:

n = PV/RT

Substituting the values:

n = (1x3)/(0.082x300)

   = 0.12 mol

In other words, the number of moles of the oxygen gas in the container is 0.12 mol.

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