With low-frequency stimulation, the muscle relaxes fully between contractions, resulting in ____________ twitches per stimulus.
Answers
Tension decreases as Ca++ ions are pumped out of the sarcoplasm and cross-bridge cycling stops, during relaxation phase.
An involuntary contraction of the fibers that make up a muscle is called muscle twitch. Nerves controls the muscle fibers such that when something stimulates a nerve, it causes the muscle fibers to contract that results in a twitch. A person can often see or feel twitches below the skin.
Electrolyte imbalances can also cause muscle twitching. This could be due to excessive sweating, exercise, or loss of fluid from vomiting or diarrhea.
Relaxation of muscles takes place when stimulation of the nerve stops. Calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum breaking the bond between actin and myosin. Actin and myosin return to their unbound state leading to the relaxation of muscles.
We can define twitch duration as the sum of the twitch time to peak tension and the half-relaxation time.
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Related Questions
Explain the following terms used in ecology
Biosphere
Answers
Answer:
The biosphere is made up of the parts of Earth where life exists—all ecosystems. The biosphere extends from the deepest root systems of trees, to the dark environments of ocean trenches, to lush rain forests, high mountaintops, and transition zones like this one, where ocean and terrestrial ecosystems meet.
sensory information from all parts of the body is routed to
Answers
Answer:
the Somatosensory Cortex.
Explanation:
im not sure that is just the anwser.
How do veins
return blood to the
heart?
A. using simple and
facilitated diffusion
B. using osmosis and
simple diffusion
C. using capillaries and
arteries
D. using valves and muscle
contractions
Answers
Answer:
using capillaries and
arteries
Explanation:
Which organism has an exoskeleton?An arthropod. For example: a crab.A mammal. For example: a humanA Cnidarian: For example: a jellyfish
Answers
Humans have an endoskeleton. Jellyfish do not have a skeleton. Crab has an exoskeleton.
ANSWER: A.
Mesquite tree fruit pods are edible and can be harvested when ripe in January True False
Answers
The statement: Mesquite tree fruit pods are edible and can be harvested when ripe in January is FALSE because they are harvested in late summer and early fall months.
While mesquite tree fruit pods are indeed edible, they are typically harvested in the late summer and early fall months, not in January. The pods are ripe and ready to eat when they turn a dark brown color and begin to fall off the tree.
Mesquite pods have been a staple food for many indigenous peoples in the southwestern United States and Mexico for thousands of years and are known for their high nutritional value, including being a good source of protein, fiber, and various vitamins and minerals.
Today, mesquite pods are still used for food, as well as for making various products such as flour, sweeteners, and beverages.
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In spring and summer, the leaves of a maple tree appear green. In autumn, the leaves appear orange. Which statement explains
this phenomenon? (1 point)
O
In spring and summer, the leaves reflect green light and absorb all other colors of light. In autumn, the leaves
reflect orange light and absorb all other colors of light.
O
In spring and summer, the leaves absorb green light and reflect all other colors of light. In autumn, the leaves
absorb orange light and reflect all other colors of light.
In spring and summer, the leaves reflect orange light and absorb all other colors of light. In autumn, the
leaves reflect green light and absorb all other colors of light.
In spring and summer, the leaves absorb orange light and reflect all other colors of light. In autumn, the
leaves absorb green light and reflect all other colors of light.
Answers
These claims and the phenomenon they describe Afterward, the leaf's carotenoids and anthocyanins are revealed, revealing their true colors.
An example of a phenomenon is what?"Observable occurrences that happen in a natural or artificial system" is how phenomena are described. They surround us in every direction, although some are more obvious than others. Natural occurrences like lightning, volcanoes, tsunamis, volcanic activities, tornadoes, and others are frequent instances.
In plain English, what is phenomenon?When something is observed actually occur or to exist, it is referred to be a phenomena in science. It is merely a truth or an event that can be perceived by the senses, directly or with the use of tools like microscopes or telescopes.
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Answer:In spring and summer, the leaves reflect green light and absorb all other colors of light. In autumn, the leaves reflect orange light and absorb all other colors of light.
Explanation:
The table below shows salinity tests from coastal Louisiana following a salt water influx during hurricanes Katrina and Rita. If efforts are not made to reduce the salinity in these areas, what is the most likely long term effect?
A growth in the population of salt-intolerant types of plants
A shift in species composition to less salt-tolerant plants
A shift in species composition to more salt-tolerant plants
An increase in the diversity of salt-intolerant plants
Answers
Answer:
i believe its C
Explanation:
more salinity means the ecosystem has to adapt to be more tolerant of salt, so that excludes A and D. Evolution is the kind of thing that takes time, so when life has to adapt it isn't overnight, so this leads me to choosing C, because over time the species in the area will adapt to become more tolerant in salt.
Answer:
It is C A shift in species composition to more salt-tolerant plants
Explanation:
I took the test, and got it correct :)
which of the following is not a major factor in where and how air moves?
a. pressure
b. temperature
c. density
d. type of gas
Answers
C. Density. The following are the main variables influencing the global atmospheric circulation: uneven surface heating of the soil. seasonal variations in precipitation and temperature. Earth turning on its axis.
Which of the following is missing from the air response?Air does not contain hydrogen gas; instead, it is mostly composed of trace gases including carbon dioxide and water vapor, as well as 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen.
Which of the following is not an atmospheric component?The quantity of water vapor present in the air is referred to as humidity. Since sunlight is not dependent on the atmosphere like the other alternatives mentioned above, it is not a component of weather.
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Examine the model of a cell division shown here. Which statements correctly describe the significance of this cell division in the continuity of life? Select ALL that apply.
Answers
Cell division allows the organisms to grow.
Cell division is a basis for growth and reproduction in organisms as it is involved in the production of gametes as well as new organisms.
A cell splits throughout the process of cell division to produce new cells with identical traits and structures.
The foundation of growth is cell division.
Two distinct processes of cell division exist:
both meiosis and mitosis
The following justifies the significance of cell division:
replacing sluggish and dead cells
creation of new, specialized cells that can become other cell kinds
the creation of new creatures, such as by binary fission.
making of gametes.
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Answer:
The cell division creates haploid daughter cells.
The cell division creates gametes for sexual reproduction.
The cell division creates genetic variation in the daughter cells.
Explanation:
I DID THIS ON PROGRESS LEARNING AKA USA TEST PREP
a new bacterium is discovered in lake superior. scientists are able to determine that these bacteria produce oxygen gas. what is likely to be true about these organisms?
Answers
The bacteria are probably phototrophic organisms that carry out photosynthesis
Some bacteria, known as photoautotrophic bacteria, can produce energy from sunshine. These bacteria are composed of chromatophores. Cells that carry pigments are called chromophores. It contains the pigment bacterio-chlorophyll, which captures light. The photoautotrophic and photoheterotrophic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) carry out oxygenic photosynthesis (producing oxygen). They can be found in a variety of natural environments, such as lichens, seas, and dirt. Despite being diverse in taxonomy and phylogeny, these bacteria have certain characteristics in common, including the incorporation of bacterio-chlorophyll an into reaction centres and light-harvesting complexes, the presence of low levels of the photosynthesis unit in cells, a surplus of carotenoids, and a potent inhibition.
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How much urine is needed to plate out a culture?
O 1.0ml
O 0.001ml
O 0.1ml
O 0.01ml
Answers
Answer: The correct answer is O. 0.1ml or O. 0.5ml.
Explanation:
It is not typical to plate out a culture using urine. Plating out a culture generally involves transferring a small volume of a liquid culture or a sample from a solid growth medium onto a solid agar medium in order to isolate and grow individual colonies of microorganisms. Urine is not a commonly used growth medium for microorganisms and is not typically used for plating out cultures.
To plate out a culture, a small volume of the culture, typically in the range of 0.1-0.5 mL, is transferred onto the agar medium using a sterile pipette or similar tool. The volume needed to plate out a culture will depend on the specific procedure being used and the characteristics of the culture, such as its density and concentration.
Therefore, the correct answer is O. 0.1ml or O. 0.5ml.
a. You are using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to examine the microstructure of a titanium alloy. Explain how the route of the electrons through the microscope lenses changes when you move between ‘image mode’ and ‘diffraction mode’. Illustrate your answer with ray diagrams of the electron path through the objective and projector lenses.
b. You want to take an electron diffraction pattern of a single titanium grain. Explain how you obtain this using an aperture
c. When you examine your titanium alloy in image mode you can see that the Ti grains have a mixture of light and dark contrast. Explain the possible contrast mechanisms acting when:
i. Grain A is tilted and its contrast goes from dark to light.
ii. Grain B is tilted by 10 and its contrast remains dark
Answers
The route of electrons through the microscope lenses changes when moving between 'image mode' and 'diffraction mode' in a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
How does the path of electrons differ in 'image mode' and 'diffraction mode'?The route of electrons through the microscope lenses changes when moving between 'image mode' and 'diffraction mode' in a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
In 'image mode,' the electrons pass through the specimen and interact with its microstructure.
They are then focused by the objective lens onto the projector lens, which forms an image of the specimen on the viewing screen or camera. This path resembles the traditional ray diagram in optics.
In 'diffraction mode,' the electrons pass through the specimen and interact with the crystal lattice. They undergo diffraction as they interact with the crystal planes and form a diffraction pattern.
The diffraction pattern is then projected onto the viewing screen or camera by the objective lens.
To obtain an electron diffraction pattern of a single titanium grain, an aperture is used.
How is an electron diffraction pattern obtained using an aperture?The aperture, also known as the selected area aperture or diffraction aperture, is placed in the image plane of the objective lens.
By adjusting the size and position of the aperture, a selected region of the specimen is illuminated.
This restricts the electrons passing through the aperture to interact with a specific area of the specimen, in this case, a single titanium grain.
The diffracted electrons from the illuminated region then form a diffraction pattern on the viewing screen or camera, allowing the analysis of the crystal structure of the selected area.
When examining the titanium alloy in image mode, the observed contrast between Ti grains can vary due to different contrast mechanisms.
What are the possible contrast mechanisms when observing the titanium alloy in image mode?i. When Grain A is tilted, and its contrast goes from dark to light, it suggests that the contrast is due to the tilting of the grain.
Tilting causes changes in diffraction conditions, altering the number and intensity of diffracted electrons reaching the objective lens.
This variation in diffracted electron intensity results in a change in contrast from dark to light.
ii. When Grain B is tilted by 10°, and its contrast remains dark, it suggests that the contrast is primarily governed by the crystal orientation of the grain.
If the crystallographic orientation of Grain B is such that the diffracted electrons are not efficiently collected by the objective lens, the contrast may remain dark despite the tilt.
These contrast mechanisms arise from the interaction of the electron beam with the crystal lattice and the resulting diffraction effects.
By analyzing the contrast changes, researchers can gain insights into the crystallographic properties and orientation relationships within the titanium alloy.
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Which statement about DNA replication is correct? (klu) New DNA molecules are synthesized using short sequences of nucleotides form both old and new strands New DNA molecules are synthesized by producing new complementary strand on an Original template strand A new DNA molecule is produced when two new strands are combined none of the above
Answers
The correct statement is, 'new DNA molecules are synthesized by producing a new complementary strand on an original template strand'.
Cells copy DNA from the genome through a process called DNA replication. A cell must first copy (or duplicate) its entire genome before it can divide, ensuring that each daughter cell has a complete genome upon division.
One new and one old chain of nucleotides make up each of the two DNA molecules produced by DNA replication. Because only half of the chain comes from the original DNA molecule and the other half is completely new, DNA replication is referred to as semi-conservative.
Each strand of the DNA double helix serves as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary strand since DNA replication is semi-conservative. Through this process, we go from a single starting molecule to two "daughter" molecules, each of which has a new and an old strand.
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Whether of not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes decides whether it is
Answers
Whether of not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes decides whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Prokaryotic cells are cells that do not have internal membrane-bound compartments or organelles, meaning that the genetic material, ribosomes, and metabolic pathways are all freely floating in the cytoplasm. Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller and less complex than eukaryotic cells, and include bacteria and archaea.
Eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, have internal membrane-bound compartments or organelles that allow for compartmentalization of different cellular functions. The genetic material is contained within a nucleus, and other organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus are responsible for specific cellular functions.
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During ___________, the cell grows, makes a DNA copy, and prepares to split into two cells
Answers
Answer:
Interphase
Explanation:
What is the role of the fungi and bacteria in this figure?
A.
producers
decomposers
B.
C.
consumers
D.
predators
Answers
Answer:
I think A but I might be wrong good luck
how are hibernation and storage of food in a bulb similar?
Answers
Answer:
by comparing external features, behaviors, or physiology of organisms that enhance their survival such as migration, hibernation, or storage of food in a bulb.
Explanation:
Answer:
Hibernation is a state of minimal activity and metabolic depression in endotherms. Hibernation is a seasonal heterothermy characterized by low body-temperature, slow breathing and heart-rate, and low metabolic rate. It most commonly occurs during winter months.
A bulb is an underground storage organ formed from the plant stem and leaves. During the growing season, the plant uses the food stored in the fleshy scales. At the end of the season, the leaves divert food into new scale leaves for the next season.
In both explanations the animal and/or plant are preserving energy or food until the end of a winter, or end of a season.
Hope that helped, if you have any more questions feel free to comment.
Which of the following describes a path oxygen might follow as it cycles?
A. Bird exhales. → Oxygen combines with hydrogen to produce rain.
Oxygen is taken in through a plant's roots.
B. Plant releases oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. →
Oxygen molecules diffuse through the atmosphere.
> Bird
inhales.
C. Oxygen percolates through the soil. → Oxygen enters the ocean
and evaporates. → Bird inhales.
D. Bird exhales. → Oxygen molecules diffuse through the oceans. →
Plant takes oxygen in for photosynthesis.
SUBNITI
Answers
The plants releases oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. this oxygen molecules diffuse through the atmosphere which are inhaled by birds. The correct option is B.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process of making their own food by plants using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
During photosynthesis, plants release oxygen as a byproduct which diffuses in the atmosphere and get inhaled by the organisms.
Photosynthesis' principal role is to transform sunlight into chemical energy and then hold that chemical energy for later use. This process powers the majority of the planet's living systems.
Photosynthesis is the process by which water and carbon dioxide are converted into glucose and oxygen. The plant consumes glucose as food and produces oxygen as a waste product.
Cellular respiration is the process by which glucose and oxygen are converted into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are byproducts of the process, and ATP is the energy that is produced.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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Scientists are examining different sea floor structures like those in the model of the Earth's crust below.
The distance between X and Y represents thousands of kilometers of distance on Earth. The scientists notice that the rocks located at point X are older than the rocks located at point Y. What does this information about the age of the rocks indicate to the scientists?
A.
There is an underwater volcano producing new rock at point X.
B.
The sea floor is moving from Y to X over the course of millions of years.
C.
New rock is constantly covering old rock on the ocean floor.
D.
The sea floor is moving from X to Y over the course of millions of years.
Answers
Answer:
C.) The sea floor is moving from Y to X over the course of millions of years.
Explanation:
Which of the following scenarios would MOST LIKELY lead to a change in DNA that would increase genetic variation in the individual’s offspring?
A) An A - T base pair changes to a C - G base pair during mitosis in a liver cell of a young man.
B) A G - C base pair changes to an A - T base pair randomly in a young woman's egg cell during meiosis.
C) UV radiation mutates the skin cells of a pregnant mother, changing two G bases to T bases.
D) A virus inserts nine base pairs into a lung cell of an elderly man.
Answers
The scenario that would likely lead to a change in DNA that would increase genetic variation in the individual’s offspring is: A G - C base pair changes to an A - T base pair randomly in a young woman's egg cell during meiosis. Option B.
What is meant by genetic variation?Genetic variation is the variance in DNA sequences among members of a population. Germ cells, such as sperm and eggs, as well as somatic (all other) cells, are subject to variation.
Genes take on various shapes, or alleles, as a result of genetic variation. People with blue eyes, for instance, have one allele of the eye color gene, whereas those with brown eyes will have a different allele of the gene.
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Chocolate Piece
1st (closest to candle)
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th (farthest from candle)
Time to Start Melting
(minutes : seconds)
Answers
In general, the chocolate closest to the candle would start melting first, followed by the chocolate pieces progressively farther away.
The exact time it would take for each chocolate piece to start melting would depend on the factors like the size and shape of the chocolate pieces.
What is chocolate melting?
Chocolate melting refers to the process of changing solid chocolate into a liquid state by heating it. Chocolate is made up of cocoa solids, cocoa butter, sugar, and other ingredients such as milk powder or flavorings. When heated, the cocoa butter in chocolate melts and becomes a liquid, which makes the chocolate soft and malleable.
Melting chocolate is a crucial step in many chocolate recipes, such as truffles, ganache, and chocolate-covered fruits or nuts. It can also be used as a topping or filling for cakes, cookies, and other desserts.
There are several ways to melt chocolate, including using a double boiler, microwave, or oven. It's important to melt chocolate slowly and gently, as overheating can cause the chocolate to become grainy, separate, or scorch. It's also important to stir the chocolate frequently during melting to ensure that it melts evenly and doesn't burn.
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when would an offspring not exhibit an inherited mutation?
Answers
Answer:
when the paternal don't have said mutation to begin with
Explanation:
In Class II CAP-dependent promoters, it is possible to have CAP located at both the -41.5 and -61 positions. Group of answer choices True False
Answers
It is feasible for CAP to be placed at both the -41.5 and -61 locations in Class II CAP-dependent promoters. This statement is false.
In Class II CAP-dependent promoters, the DNA sequence contains a consensus sequence known as the -35 region, located approximately 35 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site, and a consensus sequence is known as the -10 region, located approximately 10 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. These regions are recognized by the RNA polymerase holoenzyme, which is responsible for initiating transcription.
CAP (catabolite activator protein) is a regulatory protein that binds to a specific DNA sequence located upstream of the -35 region, known as the CAP site. When CAP binds to the CAP site, it helps RNA polymerase to initiate transcription, thus increasing the rate of transcription.
In Class II CAP-dependent promoters, CAP is typically located at the -61 position relative to the transcription start site. This is because the distance between the CAP site and the -35 region is typically around 60 base pairs. CAP interacts with the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase, helping to bring it to the promoter and activate transcription.
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Process by which bacteria converts nitrates into nitrogen gas
Answers
A student wants to perform an experiment to test the effect of different colored lights on the growth of basil plants. She sets up an experiment where multiple basil plants are placed in six different setups; one with red light, one with green light, one with yellow light, one with blue light, one with no light and one with sunlight. In each setup the plant receives the same amount of water, soil, and size of container. What is the independent variable in this experiment
Answers
Answer:
light is the independent variable, height of the plant is the dependent variable. Dependent is the effect that based on the independent.
Explanation:
lets break it down. 1) you want to know the effect of something you apply from one thing to another. Let say, if you grow your plants under the sunlight, the plants grow taller. In this case, the sunshine is the independent variable whereas the height of the plant/how tall it can grow is the dependent variable. 2)NOW, before i give the answer. The design of the question is not good for high school students. i think your teacher thinks "light" is the independent variable. 3)However, the question contains confounding variables in it because different lights might produce different effects to the height of the plants. If you want to test if plants are exposed to light grows taller than plants do not expose to light, then you should have all the lights are the same. 4) So, all the plants should be exposed to one certain light to avoid confounding. Confounding means that either red light and sunlight are both produce the same effect whereas the other colors do not help the plants to grow taller. 5)Your teacher should test one light at a time. So, if he is testing with all different colors of light, then light is the independent variable, and height of the plant is the dependent variable.
what is the correct order of protein production?
1) ribosome
2) endoplasmic reticulum
3) secretory vesicles
4) golgy apparatus
a) 1,2,3,4
b) 2,4,3,1
c) 1,2,4,3
d) 3,2,4,1
Answers
Answer:
The correct order of protein production is:
c) 1,2,4,3
Ribosome: Protein synthesis begins in the ribosomes, which are located either in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: After the initial stages of protein synthesis in the ribosomes, the newly synthesized protein is transported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for further processing and modification.
Golgi Apparatus: The proteins synthesized in the ER undergo further processing and modifications in the Golgi apparatus. This includes sorting, packaging, and modifying the proteins to their final functional forms.
Secretory Vesicles: Once the proteins are properly processed and modified in the Golgi apparatus, they are packaged into secretory vesicles. These vesicles transport the proteins to their destination, such as the plasma membrane for secretion outside the cell.
Therefore, the correct order is 1, 2, 4, 3.
Answer:
The correct order of protein production is ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles. So the correct answer would be c) 1,2,4,3.
Many proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, the plasma membrane, and secretion from the cell are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi apparatus then distributes these proteins and lipids that it receives from the ER.
The theory of punctuated equilibrum proposes that species evolve slowly but steadily True or false
Answers
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Punctuated equilibrium is that there is rapid change during short periods of time.
Explain why scientific investigation cannot prove or disprove a universal statement.
please put it in a paragraph form and specify thank youuu
Answers
Answer:
because If it cannot be somehow disproven by an experiment, then it is not scientific.
Explanation:
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Which molecule is small enough to enter the cell
Answers
Answer: Small molecules can cross plasma membrane into cells
Explanation:
by simple diffusion as they can be soluble in the hydrophobic region of phospholipid bilayer. Lipophilicity is one of the main parameters that determine cell uptake of small molecules
i need help please i cant answer question b ii
Answers
Sry for bad hand writing
