Answers
A peak at approximately 178 ppm in the C13 spectra is characteristic of the ester functional group of carbonyl compounds.
What is C13 NMR spectroscopy?C13 NMR spectroscopy is a form of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy using the C13 isotope.
The standard used in 13C-NMR spectroscopy to define the 0 ppm point is tetramethylsilane (TMS).
Each peak obtained in the C13 spectra correspond to a given funnmctional group.
A peak at approximately 178 ppm in the C13 spectra is characteristic of the ester functional group of carbonyl compounds.
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Related Questions
Identify the substance that has formula mass of 133.5amu.
(a) MgCI
b)SCI
c)BCI
D) AICI
Answers
The calculated formula masses to 133.5 amu, we find that the substance with a formula mass closest to 133.5 amu is (d) AlCl3. Therefore, the answer is option D.
To identify the substance with a formula mass of 133.5 amu, we need to calculate the formula mass of each given substance and compare it to 133.5 amu.
(a) MgCl2:
The formula mass of MgCl2 can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of magnesium (Mg) and chlorine (Cl).
Mg: atomic mass = 24.31 amu
Cl: atomic mass = 35.45 amu
Formula mass of MgCl2 = (24.31 amu) + 2(35.45 amu) = 95.21 amu
(b) SCl:
The formula mass of SCl can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of sulfur (S) and chlorine (Cl).
S: atomic mass = 32.07 amu
Cl: atomic mass = 35.45 amu
Formula mass of SCl = 32.07 amu + 35.45 amu = 67.52 amu
(c) BCl:
The formula mass of BCl can be calculated by adding the atomic mass of boron (B) and chlorine (Cl).
B: atomic mass = 10.81 amu
Cl: atomic mass = 35.45 amu
Formula mass of BCl = 10.81 amu + 35.45 amu = 46.26 amu
(d) AlCl3:
The formula mass of AlCl3 can be calculated by adding the atomic mass of aluminum (Al) and 3 times the atomic mass of chlorine (Cl).
Al: atomic mass = 26.98 amu
Cl: atomic mass = 35.45 amu
Formula mass of AlCl3 = 26.98 amu + 3(35.45 amu) = 133.78 amu. Option D
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¿Qué son las fuerzas intramoleculares?
Answers
Respuesta:
Las fuerzas intermoleculares que actúan entre las moléculas se clasifican en : Dipolos permanentes. Dipolos inducidos. Dipolos dispersos.
Explicación:
Dentro de una molécula, los átomos están unidos mediante fuerzas intramoleculares (enlaces iónicos, metálicos o covalentes, principalmente). Estas son las fuerzas que se deben vencer para que se produzca un cambio químico. Son estas fuerzas, por tanto, las que determinan las propiedades químicas de las sustancias.
Sin embargo existen otras fuerzas intermoleculares que actúan sobre distintas moléculas o iones y que hacen que éstos se atraigan o se repelan. Estas fuerzas son las que determinan las propiedades físicas de las sustancias como, por ejemplo, el estado de agregación, el punto de fusión y de ebullición, la solubilidad, la tensión superficial, la densidad, etc.
Part B
Next, you’ll test your hypothesis from part A by examining the reaction times of vinegar and baking soda in water at four different temperatures. You’ll carry out the reaction using water at room temperature (about 25°C), 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C. Make sure that you use the same amounts of vinegar and baking soda for all three three trials.
Gather all the materials, and perform these steps for each trial:
Heat at least
cup (60 milliliters) of water to the required temperature (refer to the data table). Water may be heated on a stove, on a hot plate, or in a microwave oven.
Measure and record the actual temperature of the water.
Measure 1 tablespoon (15 milliliters) of the water into the cup.
Add
teaspoon (1.5 grams) baking soda to the water, and stir until it is dissolved. The solution will be clear.
Measure 1 tablespoon (15 milliliters) of vinegar, but do not pour it into the cup yet.
Very quickly, do all of the following:
a. Pour the measured vinegar into the cup.
b. Start the stopwatch.
c. Stir or carefully swirl the substances in the cup.
The chemical reaction will produce bubbles. You’ll be able to see the bubbles and hear them pop. Watch and listen for when the reaction stops. When it looks and sounds like it has finished, stop the stopwatch.
Record the reaction time in the data table.
Discard the solution down the drain, and rinse the cup.
Repeat steps 1–9 of this procedure, doing three trials for each water temperature. Record the average temperature and reaction time for each set of the three trials. Read this math review to know how to calculate average of a data set.
Answers
The reaction time decreases as the temperature increases of the reaction mixture increases.
A sample record of results is:
Temperature (°C) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average25°C 11 seconds 11 seconds 11 seconds 11 seconds40°C 8 seconds 8 seconds 8 seconds 8 seconds60°C 5 seconds 5 seconds 5 seconds 5 seconds80°C 3 seconds 3 seconds 3 seconds 3 secondsWhat is the effect of an increase in temperature on reaction time?An increase in temperature leads to an increase in reaction rate or a decrease in reaction time.
The increase in temperature provides more thermal energy to the reactant molecules, which leads to an increase in the average kinetic energy of the molecules. As a result, more reactant molecules have sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier and undergo successful collisions, leading to an increased reaction rate.
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what is the concentration of a nitric acid solution if 10.0 ml of the solution is neutralized by 3.6 ml of 0.2 m naoh?
Answers
Answer:
The concentration of the nitric acid (HNO3) solution is 72 M.
Explanation:
To determine the concentration of the nitric acid solution, we can use the concept of stoichiometry and the equation of the neutralization reaction between nitric acid (HNO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH):
HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO3 + H2O
The balanced equation shows that the molar ratio between HNO3 and NaOH is 1:1. This means that 1 mole of HNO3 reacts with 1 mole of NaOH.
Given:
Volume of HNO3 solution = 10.0 ml
Volume of NaOH solution = 3.6 ml
Molarity of NaOH solution = 0.2 M
To find the concentration of the HNO3 solution, we need to calculate the number of moles of NaOH used in the neutralization reaction:
moles of NaOH = volume of NaOH solution * molarity of NaOH solution
= 3.6 ml * 0.2 M
= 0.72 mmol (millimoles)
Since the molar ratio between HNO3 and NaOH is 1:1, the number of moles of HNO3 in the solution is also 0.72 mmol.
Now, we can calculate the concentration of the HNO3 solution using the formula:
concentration (in M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (in L)
concentration = 0.72 mmol / 0.010 L
= 72 mmol/L
= 72 M
Therefore, the concentration of the nitric acid (HNO3) solution is 72 M.
When equal moles of an acid and a base are mixed, after reaction the two are compounds are said to be at the _______________. Select one: Indicator point Stoichiometric point Equilibrium point End point
Answers
Answer:
when equal moles of an acid and base are mixed,after reaction the two are compounds are said to be at the Equivalent point.
When a substance is free from bacteria or microorganisms, that substance is described as being a) clean. b) inert. c) sterile. d) desanitized.
Answers
Answer:
When a substance is free from bacteria or microorganism, that substance is described as being sterile.
Explanation:
Sterile or Sterility:
State of being free from all living microorganisms. In practice, usually described as a probability function, e.g., as the probability of a microorganism surviving sterilization being one in one million.
The concentration of an additive in a standard sample of palm oil was measured 6 times and the following results were obtained: 0.13, 0.11, 0.14, 0.20, 0.13, 0.12 ppm. Determine if any of the given data is an outlier and should be rejected at 95% confidence level?
Answers
In the data, 0.20 ppm is an outlier and this can be rejected if there is a 95% confidence level.
What is an outlier?When analyzing data an outlier is a value that is abnormal or too different from other data. In the case presented 0.20 can be tagged as an outlier because other values such as 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, and 0.14 are similar while 0.20 is outside this range.
Should this piece of data be rejected?The general rule is that if there is a 95% of confidence or higher you can reject an outlier, knowing the other data occurs 95% of the time, and therefore the outlier is improbable.
Based on this, you can reject an outlier if the confidence level is 95%.
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list some applications of chemistry in your dail life
Answers
Chemistry and chemical reactions are not just limited to the laboratories but also the world around you.
Chemistry in Food Production:
Plants produce food for themselves through photosynthesis; which is a complex chemical reaction in itself. The chemical reaction that takes place in photosynthesis is the most common and vital chemical reaction.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → C 6H12O6 + 6 O2
Chemistry in Hygiene:
Right before you consume your food, you make it a point to wash your hands with soap. Isn’t it? The cleaning action of soap is based on its ability to act as an emulsifying agent. Soaps are fatty acids salts of sodium or potassium; produced by a chemical reaction called saponification. Soaps interact with the grease or oil molecule, which, in turn, results in a cleaner surface.
The Chemistry of an Onion:
Ever wondered why you shed tears while chopping an onion? This also happens because of the underlying chemistry concepts. As soon as you slice an onion, sulfenic acid is formed from amino acid sulfoxides. Sulfenic acid is responsible for the volatile gas, propanethiol S-oxide, that stimulates the production of tears in the eyes.
Chemistry in Baking:
Who does not like to eat fluffy freshly baked bread? Baking soda is an efficient leavening agent. The addition of baking soda to food items before cooking leads to the production of carbon dioxide (CO2); which causes the foods to rise. This whole process of rising of baked good is called chemical leavening.
Chemistry in Food Preservatives:
In case you ever read the ingredients on the bottle of ketchup, jams or pickles, you might be surprised to see a never-ending list of chemicals. What are they? These chemicals are called food preservatives; which delay the growth of microorganisms in foods. The chemical food preservatives not only prohibit the growth of bacteria, virus, fungi but also hinder the oxidation of fats, which is responsible for making the foods rancid. The most common chemical food preservatives are sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, calcium sorbate, sodium sorbate, propionic acid, and the salts of nitrous acid.
Chemistry in Digestion
The moment you put food in your mouth, a number of different chemical reactions start in your digestive tract. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates, the stomach starts producing hydrochloric acid, the liver releases bile and the list of compounds released during digestion goes on. How do they work? All these enzymes undergo chemical reactions so that proper digestion, as well as assimilation of the food, occurs.
The Working of a Sunscreen
Before going out on a sunny day, you make it a point to wear sunscreen. Even the principle, behind the working of a sunscreen, has a chemistry background. The sunscreen uses a combination of organic and inorganic compounds to act as a filter for incoming ultraviolet rays. Sunblocks, on the other hand, scatter away UV light; so that it is unable to penetrate deep into the skin. Sunblocks contain complex chemical compounds like zinc oxide or titanium oxide, which prevent the UV rays to invade deeper into the skin.
Chemistry in Rust Formation
With time, your iron instruments start developing an orange-brown flaky coating called rust. The rusting of iron is a type of oxidation reaction. The atoms in the metal iron undergo oxidation and reduction; causing rusting. The formation of verdigris on copper and the tarnishing of silver are also the other everyday examples of chemical reactions. The chemical equation underlying rusting is:
Fe + O2 + H2O → Fe2O3. XH2O
Hope it helps.
Why does an increased temperature cause a reaction to occur slower? A. The increased temperature makes the molecules more resistant to sucessful collision, they bounce off of each other more often. B. The increased kinetic energy causes the particles to move faster, causing more collisions. C. It does not. The increased temperature causes the reaction to occur more quickly. D. The increased potential energy in the particles means more energy is needed from the environment for the activation energy.
Answers
An increased temperature generally causes a reaction to occur faster rather than slower. Therefore option C is correct.
The increased temperature leads to a higher average kinetic energy of the molecules, which results in more frequent and energetic collisions between the reactant particles.
This increased collision frequency and energy facilitate the breaking of chemical bonds and the formation of new bonds, leading to an accelerated reaction rate.
When the temperature is raised, the kinetic energy of the molecules increases. This means that the individual molecules move faster and possess a greater amount of energy. As a result, the molecules collide more frequently and with higher energy, enhancing the likelihood of successful collisions that lead to a reaction.
In summary, an increased temperature leads to a faster reaction rate by increasing the average kinetic energy of the particles, causing more frequent and energetic collisions.
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Ammonia fumes is found to permanently fog soft contact lenses. Students wearing soft contact lenses should be particularly careful when doing this experiment. Will wearing goggles or other eye protection remove the risk or danger for these students?
Answers
Answer:
Wearing goggles or other eye protection will remove the risk or danger for these students
Explanation:
Soft contact lenses are usually worn in the eyes and Ammonia compound may fog the lens thereby retaining the particles of ammonia which could spread to the eye and cause a lot of damage to it.
Using a goggle is usually more effective in dealing with the risks involved as they prevent the Ammonia from having any contact at all with the eyes due to the far proximity to the eyes when compared to contact lenses.
24. A wave has a speed of 50 m/sec. If its frequency is 100 Hz,
what is its wavelength?
Answers
Answer:
I guess
Wave speed= Frequency x Wavelength
-> Wavelength= Wave speed divide Frequency
-> 50m/s divide 100Hz= 0.5m
I hope it help! :)
ASAP PLEASE!!! Approximately how much more of the solute potassium chlorate can be added to water if the temperature increases from 30°C to 65°C?
Answers
Answer: You have a solution of potassium chlorate containing 4 g at 65º C. How many additional grams of solute must be added to it, to make the solution saturated ? approximately 26 more grams [the solubility of potassium chlorate is ... water. The solution is allowed to cool. At what new temperature would crystals begin to.
Explanation:
Help me please.
This is Organic Chemistry
Answers
The condensed structural formulas as a bond-line formula are given in the attachment:
1. (CH3)2CHCH2CH3
2. CH2=C(CH2CH3)2
3. CH3CHCICH2CH(CH3)2
What is a bond-line formula?A bond-line formula, also known as a line-angle formula or skeletal formula, is a shorthand representation of a molecule in which the carbon and hydrogen atoms are implied and only the bonds between the atoms are shown.
In this representation, each vertex or endpoint of a line represents a carbon atom, and each line segment represents a bond between two adjacent atoms. The hydrogen atoms are not shown explicitly, but are assumed to be attached to the carbon atoms to satisfy the valence requirements.
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Through what experiment was Thomson's "plum pudding" model proved inaccurate?
A gold foil experiment
B Crookes tube experiment
C gamma ray experiment
D radioactive isotope experiment
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
When the particles where shot through gold foil, he found that most of the particles went through. Some scattered in various directions, and a few were even deflected back towards the source.
How does percolation filter water?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Percolation is a natural process in which surface water is gradually filtered through the soil into aquifers. When groundwater is depleted, recycled water can be introduced into aquifers by letting it gradually filter through the soil When you hear the word “percolation,” making coffee probably comes to mind.
Given 1.67 moles of K, how many moles of KBr are produced?
2 K+ 1 Br2---> 2 KBr
Answers
\(\displaystyle 1.67 \ mol \ KBr\)
General Formulas and Concepts:Math
Pre-Algebra
Order of Operations: BPEMDAS
BracketsParenthesisExponentsMultiplicationDivisionAdditionSubtractionLeft to RightChemistry
Atomic Structure
MolesStoichiometry
Using Dimensional AnalysisAnalyzing Reactions RxNExplanation:Step 1: Define
[RxN - Balanced] 2K + Br₂ → 2KBr
[Given] 1.67 moles K
[Solve] moles KBr
Step 2: Identify Conversions
[RxN] 2 mol K → 2 mol KBr
Step 3: Stoichiometry
[DA] Set up conversion: \(\displaystyle 1.67 \ mol \ K(\frac{2 \ mol \ KBr}{2 \ mol \ K})\)[DA] Multiply/Divide [Cancel out units]: \(\displaystyle 1.67 \ mol \ KBr\)Use the following information to answer the next 4 questions. Consider the following equilibrium: 2N02(g) + 2NO(g) + 02(g) Initially, 0.600 mol of NO, is placed in a 1.00 L flask. At equilibrium, the concentration of NO was found to be 0.460 mol/L. •The equilibrium law expression would be Select one:
Answers
Answer:
Second Option ([O2]*[NO]^2)/[NO2]^2
Explanation:
To find the Kc value of a reaction, you must divide the concentration of the products over the concentration of the reactants (divide right side of the reaction by the left side of the reaction)
you must also remember to turn the multiplier prefix such as the '2' in the 2NO into an exponent for that particular molecule in the Kc equation
as such, the second option is correct
The dipole moment ( μ ) of HBr (a polar covalent molecule) is 0.811D (debye), and its percent ionic character is 12 % . Estimate the bond length of the H−Br bond in picometers. Note that 1 D=3.34×10−30 C⋅m and in a bond with 100 % ionic character, Q=1.6×10−19 C .
Answers
The relationship between dipole moment, percent ionic character, bond length, and charge can be used to estimate the H-Br bond's length. The H-Br bond is thought to have a length of 144 picometers.
How do you determine the H-Br bond's bond length in picometers?We may guess the charge on the H-Br bond given the dipole moment and percent ionic character:
Q = (μ / d) * (1 / 3.34×10^-30)
Ionic character percentage equals (Q / 1.610-19) x 100%
By condensing and figuring out d, we arrive at:
D is equal to / (0.208 * sqrt(percent ionic character)).
where d is in picometers and is in Debye.
Inputting the values provided yields:
144 pm is equal to d = 0.811 D / (0.208 * sqrt(12)).
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Fill the blanks
According to the Arrhenius definition, acids produce ---------------- ions when dissolved in water, and bases produce -------------------- ions when dissolved in water.
A) Protons, ammonium
b) Hydroxide, hydronium
C) ammonium, hydronium
d) hydronium, hydroxide
Answers
The Correct answer is D
Hydronium
hydroxide
preparing the cu2 calibration curve. using what you learned about nh3 in general chemistry i and the solubility rules, identify the precipitate that form when nh3 is initially added to the copper sulfate solutions.
Answers
When NH3 is initially added to copper sulfate solutions, a precipitate of copper(II) hydroxide will form.
What is copper?Copper is a reddish-brown, malleable metal that is used in many fields, from electrical wiring to jewelry making. It is the 29th element on the periodic table, and is known to be the best conductor of electricity, which makes it an important component of electronics. Copper has been used since ancient times due to its availability, malleability and high melting temperature. Its uses range from coins and jewelry to plumbing and electrical wiring.
This is because copper sulfate is an insoluble salt and NH3 is a strong base. The reaction between the two substances results in the formation of copper(II) hydroxide, which is an insoluble salt. This forms a precipitate and can be observed as an indication of the reaction taking place.
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A solution is made by adding 27 g of barium chloride into 74 g of water. What is the mass percentage of this barium chloride in this solution, to the units place?
Answers
Answer:
27 %
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Mass of barium chloride (solute): 27 gMass of water (solvent): 74 gStep 2: Calculate the mass of the solution
The mass of the solution is equal to the sum of the mass of the solute and the mass of the solvent.
m = 27 g + 74 g = 101 g
Step 3: Calculate the mass percentage of this barium chloride in this solution
We will use the following expression.
%m/m = mass of barium chloride / mass of solution × 100%
%m/m = 27 g / 101 g × 100%
%m/m = 27 %
Which of the following reactions represents a redox reaction?
A. KOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) → KNO3(aq) + H₂O(1)
B. 2 AgNO3(aq) + Mg(s) 2 Ag(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
C. H₂SO4(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2 H₂O(1)
D. CaCl₂(aq) + Fe(OH)2(aq) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + FeCl2(aq)
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
sliver is being reduced (Ag+ + e‐ ----> Ag) while,
magnesium is being oxidized (Mg -----> Mg2+ + 2e‐)
Two solutions, one with a mass of 450 g and the other with a mass of 350 g, are mixed. A chemical reaction occurs and 125 g of solid crystals are produced that settle on the bottom of the container. What is the mass of the remaining solution?
Answers
475 g is the correct response to the query. This is true because the combined mass of two solutions with masses of 450 g and 350 g equals 800 g. 125 g of solid crystals are created and fall to the bottom of the container as a result of a chemical reaction.
As a result, the mass of the residual solution is equal to 475 g, or 800 g less 125 g. It is significant to observe that the masses of the two solutions that were combined originally do not equal those of the solid crystals or the leftover solution.
This is because the two solutions' chemical reaction when combined results in a transition of the matter that is resulting in the production of a new substance.
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how do you jack hoff
Answers
A geologic process is
A. the solid part of a rocky planet.
B.a feature that forms on the surface of a planet.
C. a long, narrow groove that forms where water, lava, or other liquid flows.
D. a long, narrow groove that forms where water, lava, or other liquid flows.
Answers
Answer:
The physical and human forces that work in combination to form and transform the world, for example, erosion, the water cycle, migration or urbanisation. Geographical processes can operate within and between places.
Why do gases diffuse more quickly than liquids?
Choose the correct answer.
A) Liquids can be compressed easily.
B)The particles in gases are not mobile.
C)Liquids are always at lower temperatures than gases.
D)Gas particles move rapidly and have space between them.
Answers
Answer:
D)Gas particles move rapidly and have space between them.
Explanation:
Matter exists in three states namely: solids, liquids and gases. The particles contained in these three states are different from one another. In the gaseous state, the particles are FAR APART from one another i.e. space exists and they move at a very fast rate in contrast to the particles of a liquid, which have less space and move slower.
This rapid movement of gas particles within a less restricted space accounts for the reason why gaseous substances DIFFUSE more quickly than liquids.
The following two organic compounds are structural isomers to each other. Carefully identify and justify the structural isomers type (skeletal, functional, or positional) with their common molecular formula
Answers
Structural isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural formulae. This means that they have the same number and types of atoms, but they are arranged differently. The following two organic compounds are structural isomers of each other.
Carefully identify and justify the structural isomers type (skeletal, functional, or positional) with their common molecular formula.Common molecular formula: C6H14Structural isomers:(i) Hexane: Hexane is a straight-chain alkane with six carbon atoms and no double bonds or rings. The carbon atoms are linked together in a linear or straight-chain configuration in the skeletal isomer. The skeletal isomer differs in terms of the arrangement of atoms in its molecule. This indicates that it is a skeletal isomer.(ii) 2-methylpentane: It is a branched-chain alkane with six carbon atoms and no double bonds or rings. It differs from the first molecule in terms of the location of a methyl group on the second carbon of the five-carbon chain, rather than a straight six-carbon chain. This difference is due to a change in the positioning of the carbon atoms in the molecule. As a result, it is a positional isomer, as it differs by the position of the functional group or substituent. Therefore, the skeletal and positional isomerism types are present between these two compounds.For such more question on molecular
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what is the formula for co3+ and se2-?
Answers
The formula for Co3+ is Co3+ because it represents the ion of cobalt that has lost three electrons, leaving it with a 3+ charge.
What is chemical formula and how they are formed ?
A chemical formula is a symbolic representation of a chemical compound that shows the types of elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms of each element. For example, the chemical formula for water is H2O, which indicates that it is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Chemical formulas are formed by identifying the elements that make up a compound and determining the relative number of each element in the compound. The number of each element is represented by a subscript following the chemical symbol of the element. For example, the chemical formula for methane is CH4, which indicates that there is one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms in each molecule of methane.
The formula for Se2- is Se2- because it represents the ion of selenium that has gained two electrons, giving it a 2- charge.
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How old is H2O or water?
Answers
4.5 billion years old
hope this helps
Answer:
Earth's water is 4.5 billion years old.
Explanation:
Water is a transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen, H2O, freezing at 32°F or 0°C and boiling at 212°F or 100°C, that in a more or less impure constitutes rain, oceans, lakes, rivers, etc.: it contains 11.188 percent hydrogen and 88.812 percent oxygen, by weight.
4. What is the necessary volume of H₂ in order to obtain 5.0 g of propane (C3H8)? Assume that dH2=0,09g/l
Answers
The necessary volume of H₂ gas to obtain 5.0 g of propane (C₃H₈) is approximately 12.60 liters.
To determine the necessary volume of H₂ gas to obtain 5.0 g of propane (C₃H₈), we need to use the molar ratio between H₂ and C₃H₈, as well as the density of H₂ gas.
First, let's calculate the molar mass of propane (C₃H₈):
C: 12.01 g/mol
H: 1.01 g/mol
Molar mass of C₃H₈ = (3 * C) + (8 * H) = (3 * 12.01) + (8 * 1.01) = 44.11 g/mol
Next, we can determine the number of moles of propane (C₃H₈) using its mass:
Number of moles = Mass / Molar mass
Number of moles of C₃H₈ = 5.0 g / 44.11 g/mol ≈ 0.1134 mol
Now, we can establish the molar ratio between H₂ and C₃H₈ from the balanced chemical equation:
C₃H₈ + 5H₂ → 3CH₄
According to the balanced equation, 5 moles of H₂ are required to produce 1 mole of C₃H₈.
Therefore, the number of moles of H₂ required can be calculated as:
Number of moles of H₂ = 5 * Number of moles of C₃H₈ = 5 * 0.1134 mol = 0.567 mol
Finally, we can determine the necessary volume of H₂ gas using the ideal gas law equation:
Volume = (Number of moles * Gas constant * Temperature) / Pressure
Given that the density of H₂ is 0.09 g/L, we can convert it to moles per liter:
Density = Mass / Volume
0.09 g/L = 2 g/mol / Volume (since the molar mass of H₂ is 2 g/mol)
Solving for Volume:
Volume = 2 g/mol / 0.09 g/L ≈ 22.22 L/mol
Now, we can calculate the necessary volume of H₂ gas:
Volume of H₂ = Number of moles of H₂ * Volume per mole
Volume of H₂ = 0.567 mol * 22.22 L/mol ≈ 12.60 L
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