Testing for Alcohols & Carboxylic Acids
1. The presence of a primary or secondary alcohol can be confirmed by reaction with acidified potassium
dichromate solution which changes colour from orange to green.
a) State the name formula of the reagent used to test for the presence of a primary/secondary alcohol.
b) State the colour change observed when this reagent reacts with an alcohol.
c) What type of compound is produced by the oxidation of a primary alcohol?
d) What type of compound is produced by the oxidation of a secondary alcohol?
e) Explain why the dichromate test does not work for tertiary alcohols such as methylpropan-2-ol.
Include the chemical structure of methylpropan-2-ol in your explanation.
2.a) Describe a simple chemical test for the presence of a carboxylic acid group in a molecule.
Reagent:
Observation:
b) Describe how you would confirm that the gas produced in this test is carbon dioxide.
c) Explain why, for a completely unknown compound, the hydrogencarbonate test is not conclusive proof
that a carboxylic acid group is present.

Answer:

12.8 mL

Explanation:

the bolded bar indicates a count of 5. counting from there would add up to 8/10ths of a mL.

Answer:b

Explanation:

i took the test

Answer:

Botched surgery, inhaling harmful toxins and smoking.

Explanation:

Smoking is a death wish.

First of all, we must know the Avogadro's number:

1 mol of CO2 = 44.0 g (from the molar mass) = 6.02x10^23 molecules of CO2

How must we proceed?

44.0 g CO2 ------------6.02x10^23 molecules CO2

2.59 g CO2 ------------ x

x = 3.54x10^22 molecules CO2

Answer: 3.54x10^22 molecules CO2

Answer:

I dont know

Explanation:

because I dont know

Answer:

A

Explanation:

the particles in space to be able to move their has to be temperature

Blue = orange/yellow light (wavelengths around 450-500 nm) is absorbed by the solution that appears blue.

Red = green light (wavelengths around 550-600 nm) is absorbed by the solution that appears red.

Orange = blue light (wavelengths around 450-500 nm) is absorbed by the solution that appears orange.

Green = red light (wavelengths around 650-700 nm) is absorbed by the solution that appears green.

Give a short note on absorption.

Color absorption takes place because substances selectively absorb certain wavelengths of visible light, while transmitting or reflecting others. The color that we perceive is the result of the wavelengths of light that are not absorbed, but rather transmitted or reflected, and detected by our eyes. This phenomenon is commonly used in colorimetric analysis and can provide important information about the electronic structure and composition of a substance.

Hence, the answer is,

Blue = orange/yellow light

Red = green light

Orange = blue light

Green = red light

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Using NAD and NADH reaction for the oxidation of methanol CH₃OH to formaldehyde, in which NAD is the oxidizing agent and then alcohol oxidase was crystallized after purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation

Oxidation means a process in which a chemical substance changes because of the addition of oxygen

Methanol was oxidized to formaldehyde by an alcohol oxidase and the reaction are

CH₃OH+O₂ → HCOH + H₂O₂

And the cofactor found in two form of cell and NAD is an oxidizing agent and it accept the electron of other molecule and reduced and this reaction is also with H⁺ form NADH which can be used as the reducing agent to donate electron and this reaction gives alcohol oxidase was crystallized after purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation

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Answer: true

Explanation:

Answer:

NH4CI

AMMONIUM CHLORIDE

NA2CO3

SODIUM CARBONATE

Answer:0

Explanation: zero because it is the most stable form of oxygen in its standard state

As an electron moves from a high potential to a low potential, its electrical potential energy increases.

Electric potential energy:

Electric potential energy is the energy that is needed to move a charge against an electric field. We need more energy to move a charge further in the electric field, but also more energy to move it through a stronger electric field.

The direction of electric fields is from the region of high potential to low potential and electrons or any negatively charged particle will move against the field or lower potential to a higher potential.

Therefore when an electron moves from higher to lower potential electrical potential energy increases.

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The complete question is:

As an electron moves from a high potential to a low potential, its electrical potential energy :

a) increases

b) decreases

c) remains constant

All of the above provide the forces that drive the movement of chromatids toward opposite spindle poles during anaphase.

What is anaphase?

Anaphase is the third stage of cell division, which occurs between metaphase and telophase, and is characterized by movement. Following are the forces that drive the movement of chromatids toward opposite spindle poles.

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Answer:

1.260

Explanation:

In order to answer the question first we must write the atomic number of each element:

Zirconium (Zr): 40

Cadmium (Cd): 48

Iridium (Ir): 77

Iron (Fe): 26

Then, we have to complete the distribution of electrons in each orbital for each atom:

The first 4 levels have the following distribution:

Level1: 1s

Number of electrones: 2

Level 2: 2s, 2p

Number of electrones 8 (2 in the s orbital and 6 in the p orbitals).

Level3: 3s, 3p, 3d

Number of electrones 18 (2 in the s orbital, 6 in the p orbital and 10 in the d orbitals)

Level 4: 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f

Number of electrones 32 (2 in the s orbital, 6 in the p orbitals, 10 in the d orbitals and 14 in the f orbitals)

The order in which the orbitlas are completed depends on the energy of each level. For example the 4s orbitals will be completed before the 3d orbitals because their energy is lower.

The order is as follows:

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p...

Now, knowing the atomic number we can answer the question:

For Zirconium (total 40 electrones):

2 electrones are predicted in the 4d orbital

For Cadmium (total 48 electrones):

10 electrones are predicted in the 4d orbital

For iridium, as it has an atomic number higher than Cadmium we can predict tha it also complets the 4d orbital, then it has also 10 electrones in it.

For iron (total 26 electrones)

Iron has no electrones in the 4d orbitals

Answer:

B. Warm year round with lots of precipitation

Explanation:

GIVEN

Condensed structural formulas are written in a single line to save space and make them easier and faster to type out. They display the atoms' positions similarly to a structural formula.

The only amino acid that has one carbon atom is glycine. \($-\mathrm{COOH}$\) plus one \($-\mathrm{NH}_2$\) group that is connected to an alpha-carbon and contains two hydrogens. - \($\mathrm{COOH}$\) Serine is made up of an a-carbon, one hydrogen, and one \($-\mathrm{NH}_2$\) group as well as one  \($-\mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}$\)group.

Both glycylserine and serylglycine are dipeptide molecules made up of glycine and serine; however, glycylserine has an amide linkage formed when one H of the \($-\mathrm{NH}_2$\) group of glycine condenses with the - \($\mathrm{OH}$\) of the - \($\mathrm{COOH}$\) group of glycine Comparably, in serylglycine, one  -OH of the - \($\mathrm{COOH}$\) group of serine condenses with one H of the \($-\mathrm{NH}_2$\) group of serine. Serine and glycine are the two byproducts of the hydrolysis of serylglycine. The rupture of the amide bond is seen by the red line. The glycine, serine, and alanine amino acids that make up this tripeptide structure are connected by amide bonds.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Neutrons and protons are found in the nucleus of an atom. BUT unlike Protons (Positive charge/ P an P is how I remember it) or Electrons, which have a negative charge, Neutrons have zero charge which means they are neutral particles. (Neutral an Neutron both start with N.)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`

Good luck.

Lb.

Answer:

Neutron have neutral charge

The heat that is released by 4.5 moles of methane gas is 4005 kJ.

The chemical reaction of combustion involves the breaking of chemical bonds in the fuel molecules, followed by the recombination of atoms with oxygen to form new molecules such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other combustion products.

We know that the balanced reaction equation have been shown in the image that is attached here.

As such we have that;

1 mole of methane gas produces 890 kJ of heat

4.5 moles of methane gas would produce 4.5 * 890/1

= 4005 kJ

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Answer:

To convert m/sec into mi/hr, multiply the number by 2.236936 and then round off the answer to the required decimal places.

2500 ×2.236936

= 5592.34 mi/hr

Answer:

The temperature is kept constant. What new volume does the gas occupy? Two hundred liters of gas at zero degrees Celsius are kept under a pressure of 150 kPa.

Explanation:

Oxygen gas is at a temperature of 40°C when it occupies a volume of 2.3 liters. 

Using the ideal gas law equation PV = nRT, with n = 0.18 mol, R = 8.314 J K^(-1) mol^(-1), T = 300.15 K, and P = 102,300 Pa, the volume of the balloon can be calculated.

To find the volume of the balloon, we can use the ideal gas law equation PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Step 1: Convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin.

Given that the temperature is 27 degrees Celsius, we need to add 273.15 to convert it to Kelvin.

T = 27°C + 273.15 = 300.15 K

Step 2: Determine the gas constant to use.

We are given two options for the gas constant: R = 8.314 J K^(-1) mol^(-1) or R = 0.082 L atm K^(-1) mol^(-1). Choose the appropriate gas constant based on the desired units for the volume.

Step 3: Substitute the values into the ideal gas law equation.

Using the selected gas constant, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the volume:

V = (nRT) / P

Substitute the given values:

V = (0.18 mol * R * 300.15 K) / 102,300 Pa

Step 4: Calculate the volume.

Evaluate the expression to find the volume of the balloon in the desired units, whether it be in cubic meters (m³) using the first gas constant or in liters (L) using the second gas constant.

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Answer:

Significant Figures in 200.0

Result 200.0

Sig Figs 4 (200.0)

Decimals 1 (200.0)

Scientific Notation 2.000 × 102

E-Notation 2.000e+2

The fact that coal releases more heat than charcoal means that the chemical potential energy is lower in charcoal than in coal.

When the substance is burnt in oxygen, the chemical potential energy stored in the substance is converted into heat energy. The substance that has the most chemical potential energy releases the most energy when burnt.

In burning coal and charcoal, you notice that coal releases more heat energy than charcoal. This means that the chemical potential energy is lower in charcoal than in coal.

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Answer:

Some examples of physical properties are:

color (intensive)

density (intensive)

volume (extensive)

mass (extensive)

boiling point (intensive): the temperature at which a substance boils.

melting point (intensive): the temperature at which a substance melts.

Explanation:

Hope this helped! <3

Answer:

ionic compounds are compounds that form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, forming ions

Explanation:

(a) When the density of gold is 19.32 g/\(cm^{3}\) than area of the gold leaf is approximately 0.4386 cm².

(b) The length of the gold fiber is given by h = 0.4386 cm³ / (π * (2.500 × 10⁻⁴ cm)²).

To solve these problems, we can use the formula for the volume of a shape and the given density of gold.

(a) To find the area of the leaf, we can use the formula for the volume of a rectangular shape: V = A * h, where V is the volume, A is the area, and h is the thickness.

Given the mass of gold (m = 8.489 g) and density (ρ = 19.32 g/cm³), we can find the volume: V = m / ρ.

Substituting the values, we have V = 8.489 g / 19.32 g/cm³ = 0.4386 cm³.

Since the leaf is pressed into a thin shape, we can assume it has a rectangular shape, and the volume is approximately equal to the area: A ≈ V = 0.4386 cm².

(b) To find the length of the fiber, we can use the formula for the volume of a cylindrical shape: V = π * r² * h, where V is the volume, r is the radius, and h is the length.

Given the mass of gold (m = 8.489 g) and density (ρ = 19.32 g/cm³), we can find the volume: V = m / ρ.

Substituting the values, we have V = 8.489 g / 19.32 g/cm³ = 0.4386 cm³.

The volume of a cylinder is also equal to the product of the cross-sectional area (π * r²) and the length (h), so we have: π * r² * h = 0.4386 cm³.

Substituting the radius (r = 2.500 μm = 2.500 × 10⁻⁴ cm), we can solve for the length: h = 0.4386 cm³ / (π * (2.500 × 10⁻⁴ cm)²).

To summarize:

(a) The area of the gold leaf is approximately 0.4386 cm².

(b) The length of the gold fiber is given by h = 0.4386 cm³ / (π * (2.500 × 10⁻⁴ cm)²).

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If the spots on a TLC plate are made too large when preparing it for development, there are a few potential consequences.

First, the resolution of the separation may be compromised, as the larger spots will not allow for as much separation between different components in the sample. Second, the spots may merge together as they migrate up the plate during development, making it difficult or impossible to distinguish between different components.

Finally, the larger spots may saturate the stationary phase on the TLC plate, which can lead to poor retention and separation. It is important to carefully control the size of spots when preparing a TLC plate to ensure accurate and effective separation of components in the sample.

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